Plant Biology Commons^™

Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete

Tanzania Journal of Science

The sisal industry in Tanzania generates large amounts of waste which is an un-tapped bioresource. Research was undertaken to establish appropriate technologies  for its valorisation to mushrooms, biogas and biogas manure (BGM).Physical and biological pre-treatments achieved methane yield increments of 23-30% whereas co-digestion with fish waste achieved methane yield increments of 59-94%. Sisal fibre waste was demonstrated to be a novel biofilm-carrier for treating sisal pulp leachate. With a loading rate of 9.0 kgVS/m3/day, the packed-bed bioreactor was operated without process stress. Sisal decortication waste (SLDW) and sisal boles (SBW) were found to be suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation. With …

Provitamin A Biofortification Of Cassava Enhances Shelf Life But Reduces Dry Matter Content Of Storage Roots Due To Altered Carbon Partitioning Into Starch, Getu Beyene, Felix R. Solomon, Raj D. Chauhan, Eliana Gaitán-Solis, Narayanan Narayanan, Jackson Gehan, Dimuth Siritunga, Robin L. Stevens, John Jifon, Joyce Van Eck, Edward Linsler, Malia Gehan, Muhammad Ilyas, Martin Fregene, Richard T. Sayre, Paul Anderson, Nigel Taylor, Edgar B. Cahoon

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a major subsistence crop of sub-Saharan Africa, are calorie rich but deficient in essential micronutrients, including provitamin A β-carotene. In this study, β-carotene concentrations in cassava storage roots were enhanced by coexpression of transgenes for deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), mediated by the patatin-type 1 promoter. Storage roots harvested from field-grown plants accumulated carotenoids to ≤50 lg/g DW, 15- to 20-fold increases relative to roots from nontransgenic plants. Approximately 85%–90% of these carotenoids accumulated as all-trans-β-carotene, the most nutritionally efficacious carotenoid. β-Carotene-accumulating storage roots displayed delayed onset of postharvest …

Monitoring Soft-Mast Production In Pine Woodland Restoration Areas On The Ouachita National Forest, Tamara B. Wood

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The use of prescribed fire is integral to the restoration of open woodland habitats in the southeast, including shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains. Mature pine habitats maintained with recurrent disturbances have an open understory with a rich floristic diversity that provides quality habitat for many wildlife species, including the endemic and endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Fire has many potential benefits for wildlife; however, the effects of fire on several important woody soft-mast producing species are not fully understood. Soft-mast quantity and quality is a key component in determining year-round habitat quality …

Respons Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Hanjeli Batu (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.) Akibat Pupuk Silika Cair Dan Paclobutrazol, Tati Nurmala, Agus Wahyudin, Ruminta

Jurnal Kultivasi

Hanjeli batu (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) merupakan salahsatu tanaman pangan alternatif yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Permasalahan utama tanaman ini adalah rendahnya produksi yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya ketersediaan unsur hara dan tinggi tanaman yang terlalu tinggi. Oleh karena itu dilakukan suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil hanjeli batu dengan pupuk silika cair dan paclobutrazol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi konsentrasi pupuk silika cair dan konsentrasi paclobutrazol yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli batu (Coix lacryma-jobi L.).Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Pasigaran, Kecamatan Tanjungsari, Kabupaten Sumedang, pada November 2016 sampai Mei 2017. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) …

Respons Konduktansi Stomata Beberapa Genotipe Tebu Sebagai Parameter Toleransi Terhadap Stress Abiotik, Mochamad Arief Soleh, Ranu Manggala, Yudithia Maxiselly, Mira Ariyanti, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Peningkatan produksi tebu saat ini akan terhambat dengan adanya fenomena pemanasan global yang disertai dengan perubahan iklim hingga mempengaruhi sebaran air hujan. Akibatnya musim hujan sering terjadi secara sporadis dan kurang dapat diprediksi. Di sisi lain kondisi lahan kebanjiran akibat genangan air berpotensi menyebabkan stress abiotik pada tanaman tebu yang secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas tanaman. Salahsatu sifat fisiologis yang berkaitan erat dengan ketahanan stress abiotik adalah respons konduktansi stomata (gs) sebagai representatif proses metabolisme tanaman berupa fotosintesis. Beberapa varietas tebu ditanam dalam kondisi genangan air memperlihatkan perbedaan nilai gs dari 240 mmol H2O·m-2·s-1 untuk Kidang Kencana (KK) sebagai varietas …

Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pembungaan Pada Mangga (Mangifera Indica L.), Ardika Albi Fauzi, Wawan Sutari, Nursuhud, Syariful Mubarok

Jurnal Kultivasi

Pada kegiatan produksi mangga, tahap pembungaan pada mangga menjadi salah satu penentu dalam produksi buah mangga. Sehingga tahap pembungaan merupakan bagian penting dalam kegiatan produksi. Pembungaan merupakan tahapan pertama dalam kegiatan produksi buah mangga (Mangifera indica L.) di setiap tahun. Perkembangan tanaman khususnya pembungaan bergantung pada beberapa faktor lingkungan dan internal dari tanaman mangga yang diusahakan. Pada daerah subtropis, faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pembungaan ada faktor suhu. Suhu 18°C di siang hari dan 10°C di malam hari memicu perkembangan bunga di daerah tropis. Untuk daerah tropis, faktor suhu tidak sangat mempengaruhi terhadap pembungaan karena perubahan suhu tiap musimnya tidak terlalu …

Multiplikasi Tunas Mikro Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca L.) ‘Raja Bulu’ Secara In Vitro Pada Berbagai Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin, Tiara Elma, Erni Suminar, Syariful Mubarok, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Terbatasnya ketersediaan bibit pisang bermutu di Indonesia disebabkan oleh masih rendahnya jumlah dan kualitas bibit pisang yang dihasilkan melalui metode konvensional. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan bibit cukup lama, oleh karena itu digunakan suatu metode perbanyakan untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam waktu yang relatif singkat melalui metode kultur jaringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan salah satu jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin terbaik dalam meningkatkan laju multiplikasi tunas pisang raja bulu secara in vitro. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2016 sampai bulan Maret 2017 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan Acak Lengkap …

Survey Of Trap Contents Of Four Species Of Bladderworts (Utricularia) From Harlow Lake In Marquette, Mi., Jenna Happach

Conspectus Borealis

No abstract provided.

Pembentukan Ubi Mikro Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Pada Berbagai Komposisi Media In Vitro, Inneke Amalia, Anne Nuraini, Sumadi, Syariful Mubarok, Erni Suminar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Permasalahan umum terkait pada produksi kentang adalah penggunaan benih sumber yang kurang bermutu dan mengalami kemunduran benih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan zat penghambat tumbuh coumarin, jasmonic acid dan paklobutrazol yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan stek dan pembentukan ubi mikro kentang secara in vitrosehingga dapat digunakan untuk penyediaan bibit berkualitas. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor, Sumedang, pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai Mei 2016. Metode percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang merupakan kombinasi dari media, retardan coumarin (105 mg L-1 dan 120 mg L-1), paklobutrazol (0.4 mg L-1 dan 1 mg L-1) …

Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Pucuk Kolesom Pada Intensitas Cahaya Rendah, Rina Ekawati

Jurnal Kultivasi

Intensitas cahaya rendah merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan suatu tanaman. Intensitas cahaya yang optimal dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Kolesom merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran fungsional yang dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh intensitas cahaya rendah terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil pucuk kolesom. Percobaan ini dilakukan di Politeknik Lembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan (LPP) Yogyakarta, dari bulan Maret hingga September 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktor tunggal dengan 2 taraf perlakuan, yaitu tanpa naungan (N0) dan naungan (N1). Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali sehingga terdapat 6 satuan percobaan. Hasil percobaan menunjuk-kan bahwa …

Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Novel Terrestrial Subsidies From An Invasive Shrub (Lonicera Maackii) On Stream Macroinvertebrates, Ryan W. Mcewan, Kevin W. Custer, Eric B. Borth, Sean D. Mahoney

Biology Faculty Publications

The biology of headwater streams is intimately linked to that of the surrounding terrestrial environment through organic matter subsidies. Lonicera maackii, an invasive shrub that is becoming abundant in headwater stream riparian areas, deposits substantial quantities of organic matter into the aquatic system. This organic material has allelopathic effects on terrestrial plants and insects, and a growing body of work suggests strong connections between L. maackii invasion and aquatic biota. Lonicera maackii deposits fruit and flowers in quantities and timings that are unique, and we tested the hypothesis that these subsidies would negatively affect survival and growth of laboratory-cultured …

The Effect Of Preflood Nitrogen And Flood Establishment Timing On Rice Development, Nitrogen Uptake And Grain Yield, Tyler Richmond

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Urea-N fertilizer is typically applied at the 5-leaf stage to rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in a dry-seeded, delayed-flood production system. How long the preflood-N can be delayed without adverse effects on yield potential is poorly understood. The research objective was to determine the effects of preflood-N application and flood establishment timing on aboveground-N content, 50% heading, yield components, and grain yield. Trials were established on silt loam soils at the Pine Tree Research Station (PTRS) and Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) during 2015 and 2016. Urea-N was applied at 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha-1 …

Phyllotactic Regularity Requires The Paf1 Complex In Arabidopsis, Kateryna Fal, Mengying Liu, Assem Duisembekova, Yassin Refahi, Elizabeth S. Haswell, Olivier Hamant

Biology Faculty Research

In plants, aerial organs are initiated at stereotyped intervals, both spatially (every 137° in a pattern called phyllotaxis) and temporally (at prescribed time intervals called plastochrons). To investigate the molecular basis of such regularity, mutants with altered architecture have been isolated. However, most of them only exhibit plastochron defects and/or produce a new, albeit equally reproducible, phyllotactic pattern. This leaves open the question of a molecular control of phyllotaxis regularity. Here, we show that phyllotaxis regularity depends on the function of VIP proteins, components of the RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex (Paf1c). Divergence angles between successive organs along the …

Evaluating The Impact Of Two Contrasting Tillage Practices On Soil Properties In Central Kentucky, Emily Cook

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Farming practices such as no tillage and plowing can institute change on soil physical and chemical characteristics. In this research, the effects of long-term conventional and no-tillage systems on the selected soil properties were determined in a continuous corn system on a farm with Maury silt loam soil. These samples were taken from University of Kentucky's Research Farm (Spindletop Farm). The field used was tilled in 1969 from bluegrass sod and the first time research was conduced was in 1970. Each plot is 20 ft. by 40 ft. and for many years each plot was split with winter cover crop …

Substantial Contribution Of Genetic Variation In The Expression Of Transcription Factors To Phenotypic Variation Revealed By Erd-Gwas, Hung-Ying Lin, Qiang Liu, Xiao Li, Jinliang Yang, Sanzhen Liu, Yinlian Huang, Michael J. Scanlon, Dan Nettleton, Patrick S. Schnable

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: There are significant limitations in existing methods for the genome-wide identification of genes whose expression patterns affect traits.

Results: The transcriptomes of five tissues from 27 genetically diverse maize inbred lines were deeply sequenced to identify genes exhibiting high and low levels of expression variation across tissues or genotypes. Transcription factors are enriched among genes with the most variation in expression across tissues, as well as among genes with higher-than-median levels of variation in expression across genotypes. In contrast, transcription factors are depleted among genes whose expression is either highly stable or highly variable across genotypes. We developed a …

Estimation Of Irrigation Requirements For Drip-Irrigated Maize In A Sub-Humid Climate, Liu Yang, Hai-Shun Yang, Jiu-Sheng Li, Yan-Feng Li, Hai-Jun Yan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Drip-irrigation is increasingly applied in maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub-humid region. It is critical to quantify irrigation requirements during different growth stages under diverse climatic conditions. In this study, the Hybrid-Maize model was calibrated and applied in a sub-humid Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China to estimate irrigation requirements for drip irrigated maize during different crop physiological development stages and under diverse agro-climatic conditions. Using dimensionless scales, the whole growing season of maize was divided into diverse development stages from planting to maturity. Drip-irrigation dates and irrigation amounts in each irrigation event were simulated and summarized in 30-year simulation …

Can Hemiparasitic Plants Stabilize Coexistence Of Multiple Competing Hosts?, Matthew Wittman, Steven A. Juliano

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Identifying Ecologically Relevant Scales Of Habitat Selection: Diel Habitat Selection In Elk, Caleb P. Roberts, James W. Cain Iii, Robert D. Cox

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Although organisms make resource selection decisions at multiple spatiotemporal scales, not all scales are ecologically relevant to any given organism. Ecological patterns and rhythms such as behavioral and climatic patterns may provide a consistent method for identifying ecologically relevant scales of habitat selection. Using elk (Cervus canadensis) as an example species, we sought to test the ability of behavioral patterns to empirically partition diel scales for modeling habitat selection. We used model selection to partition diel scales by shifts in dominant behavior and then used resource selection probability functions to model elk habitat selection hierarchically at diel scales within seasons. …

Phylogenetic Patterns Of Foliar Mineral Nutrient Accumulation Among Gypsophiles And Their Relatives In The Chihuahuan Desert, Clare Muller, Michael J. Moore, Zoe Feder, Helene Tiley, Rebecca E. Drenovsky

2017 Faculty Bibliography

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Gypsum endemism in plants (gypsophily) is common on gypsum outcrops worldwide, but little is known about the functional ecology of Chihuahuan Desert gypsophiles. We investigated whether leaf chemistry of gypsophile lineages from the northern Chihuahuan Desert are similar to leaves of related nonendemic (gypsovag) species relative to their soil chemistry. We expected widely distributed gypsophiles (hypothesized to be older lineages on gypsum) would have distinct leaf chemistry from narrowly distributed, relatively younger lineages endemic to gypsum and gypsovags, reflecting adaptation to gypsum.

METHODS: We collected leaves from 23 gypsophiles and related nonendemic taxa growing on nongypsum …

Photosensing And Thermosensing By Phytochrome B Require Both Proximal And Distal Allosteric Features Within The Dimeric Photoreceptor, E Sethe Burgie, Adam N. Bussell, Shu-Hui Lye, Tong Wang, Weiming Hu, Katrice E. Mcloughlin, Erin L. Weber, Huilin Li, Richard D. Vierstra

Biology Faculty Research

Phytochromes (Phys) encompass a diverse collection of bilin-containing photoreceptors that help plants and microorganisms perceive light through photointerconversion between red light (Pr) and far-red light (Pfr)-absorbing states. In addition, Pfr reverts thermally back to Pr via a highly enthalpic process that enables temperature sensation in plants and possibly other organisms. Through domain analysis of the Arabidopsis PhyB isoform assembled recombinantly, coupled with measurements of solution size, photoconversion, and thermal reversion, we identified both proximal and distal features that influence all three metrics. Included are the downstream C-terminal histidine kinase-related domain known to promote dimerization and a conserved patch just upstream …