Plant Biology Commons^™

Comparative Nutrient Utilization And Growth Performance Of Jalauni Lambs And Bundelkhandi Kids Grazed On Hardwickia Binata Based Silvopasture System, M. M. Das, S. N. Ram, Akram Ahmed

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goats and sheep play a significant role in the subsistence economy in India. Goats and sheep are multipurpose animals which provide hair, wool, meat, milk and skin. The production of meat from goats and sheep play a vital role in the supply of animal protein for the people of our country. Small ruminant production in village systems in tropical countries is often characterized by poor growth rates and high mortality (Devendra and Burns, 1970). The productivity of small ruminants can be improved by improving the nutrition either through concentrate feeding or provision of additional forage (Pathasarathy et al., 1984). …

Studies On Silvi-Pasture Systems For Intensive Fodder Production, R. Susheela, R. V. T. Balazzii Naaiik, M. Shanti, T. Shashikala, M. Anuradha, V. Chandrika

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silvi-pastoral system with suitable species of trees and grasses help in increasing the land productivity and also maintain environmental potentialities. Moreover, deep root system of trees bind the soil, reduces erosion and extracts moisture from deeper strata of the soil. The effects of tree species on associated crops in agro forestry system are not consistent. The association of cereal and legume forages not only maintains similar level of herbage yield but also nearly doubles the crude protein production. Study of the right combination of tree species and associated crop in agro forestry for this region is the need of the …

Productivity Of Perennial Grasses Under Machillus Bombicinii Tree In Assam, Karuna Kanta Sharma, Pranjit Sutradhar, Seuji Bora Neog

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Homestead agroforestry system is the most common production system in Assam. It varies with the agroclimatic zones and economic condition of the farmers. In lower Brahmaputra valley zone, generation of employment under such system varies from 16.5 to 19.1% whereas in upper Brahmaputra valley zone, it ranges from 30.6 to 64.1%. For increasing forage productivity homestead garden can play a major role in augmenting fodder production for year round supply of green forage through non competitive land use system. There is scope for growing suitable perennial grasses like Guinea, setaria and Congo-signal for increasing fodder production. However research information on …

Comparison Of Enriched Silvipasture And Cenchrus Ciliaris Pasture With Natural Pasture In Ravenous Soils For Goat Production Under Rainfed Conditions, Prabhat Tripathi, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, U. B. Chaudhary, Ravindra Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goat is a future animal and plays a crucial role in providing livelihood and supplementary income to resource poor farmers and landless labourers of rural India. Goat rearing also ensures self-employment and act as a cushion in present climate change phenomena like drought and famine. Goats are found more in ecologically fragile arid and semiarid areas. Hence, it is imperative to address goat production under present scenario of climate change and food scarcity. The diverse challenges and constraints as growing population, increasing food, feed and fodder needs, natural resources degradation, climate change demands a reorientation of our strategies for goat …

Distribution, Diversity And Utilization Of Haloxylon Salicornicum: A Rangeland Shrub Of Arid Regions, V. S. Rathore, J. P. Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock systems occupy ~ 30 % of the planet’s ice – free terrestrial area, contributes about 40 % to the agricultural GDP and directly supports the livelihoods of 600 million poor smallholder farmers in the developing world. Livestock play multiple roles (societal, economic and environmental) in the livelihoods of people in communities, especially the poor. Therefore the sustainable livestock production is an imperative to nutritional and livelihood security globally. Haloxylon salicornicum is an important rangeland shrub species of arid regions. The species possesses range of morphological, physiological and ecological adaptation to survive under water limiting, nutrient poor environmental conditions of …

Sustainable Production Of Guava Based Hortipasture System With Different In-Situ Soil And Moisture Conservation In Semi-Arid Region Of India, Sunil Kumar, A. K. Shukla, Harsh Vardhan Singh, A. Ahmed, A. K. Rai, R. Shrinivasan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, about 60 % of net sown area is rainfed, contributing 40 % of the total food production; it supports 40% of human and 60% of livestock population. Under such situation, incorporation of fruit trees along with animal husbandry in common farming system is advisable to improve income and nutritional security of the farmers. Horti- pasture system is the most ideal strategy to provide food, nutrition and income security to the people living in rainfed areas. System is socially accepted, ecologically feasible and economically viable for this region (Singh, 1996; Sharma, 2004; Kumar and Chaubey, 2008).

Guava (Psidium …

Forage From Trees And Grasses Of Silvipasture System In Degraded Land Of Semiarid India, R. V. Kumar, Harsh Vardhan Singh, Sunil Kumar, Ajoy K. Roy, P. K. Ghosh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rainfed agro-ecosystem has a distinct place in Indian Agriculture, occupying 67% of the cultivated area and supporting 65% of the livestock population (Venkateswarlu, 2005). The silvipasture systems involving suitable multi-purpose trees specially fodder trees and range grass species provide resilience by ensuring continued and multiple outputs such as, forage, fuelwood, fodder, fibre and industrial raw material, besides other positive environmental effects. Incorporation of fodder trees with grasses is perceived as a climate change-resilient cropping system for farmers linking climate change mitigation with adaptation (Mbow et al., 2014). The synergies of tree-grass association need to be explored and exploited by …

Grassland Management In Wildlife Protected Areas (Pa's) In India, R. K. Pandey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological status of Indian grasslands had been a subject of conflicting opinion in the past. Existing grasslands are anthropogenic in origin except, Himalayan meadows in high altitudes. Extensive clearing of the forests for human settlements, agricultural cultivation and domestication of animals in the past have been resulted into opening of pockets/grasslands amidst the forest areas. Such tame grasslands are categorized as succession or rotational grasslands. There are four categories of PAs viz., National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves and community reserves. Thus, 683 PAs (102 national parks, 551 wildlife sanctuaries, 47 conservation reserves and 04 community reserves) spread over …

The Effect Of Tree Densities On The Biomass Of Leucaena Leucocephala And Chloris Gayana Using A Nelder Fan Design, Anibal Nahuel Alejandro Pachas, H. Max Shelton, Christopher J. Lambrides, Scott A. Dalzell, G. John Murtagh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leucaena leucocephala-grass pastures are widely used for ruminant feeding in tropical and subtropical regions. In Australia, over 200,000 ha of leucaena grass pasture have been planted with more plantings expected as it is recognized as the most productive, profitable and sustainable feeding system (Shelton and Dalzell, 2007). Planting densities and planting configurations for the leucaena component vary, ranging from single or double leucaena hedgerows 3 to 12 m apart (Radrizzani et al., 2010). There is little information about how tree/grass planting configurations and resulting inter- and intraspecific competition affect above and below-ground interactions. We hypothesise that individual leucaena …

Grasslands In India: Problems And Perspectives For Sustaining Livestock And Rural Livelihood, Ajoy K. Roy, Jai P. Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, grazing-based livestock husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy as around 50% of these animals depend on grazing. Pasturelands over an area of 12 million ha constitute the main grazing resources that are available. Temperate/alpine pastures are spread across altitudes higher than 2000 m in eastern and Western Himalayas including the Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, West Bengal Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim states. In Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh,the grazing land availability is as high as 70 %. The area of pasture lands is lower in Himachal Pradesh (36.4%), Sikkim …

Forages Improve Livelihoods Of Smallholder Farmers With Beef Cattle In South Central Coastal Vietnam, Ba Xuan Nguyen, Peter A. Lane, David Parsons, Huu Van Nguyen, Phi Khanh Ho Le, Jeff P. Corfield, Tri Tuan Duong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In South Central Coastal Vietnam, on-farm research and farmer experience demonstrated the benefits of growing improved forages as a means of improving the year round quantity and quality of feed available for beef cattle. In Binh Dinh, Phu Yen and Ninh Thuan provinces, five new forage species (Panicum maximum, cv. TD58, Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, Pennisetum purpureum cv.VA06, Paspalum atratum cv. Terenos and Stylosanthes guianensis cv. CIAT 184) were evaluated for yield and crude protein concentration. There was not a consistent yield difference between locations for the forage grasses, but in Binh Dinh province P. maximum TD58 …

Albizia Procera Based Silvipastoral System: An Ideal Alternate Land Use System For Sustainable Forage Production In Semi-Arid Region, Inder Dev, S. K. Dhyani, K. B. Sridhar, Asha Ram, D. R. Palsaniya, R. K. Tewari, Ramesh Singh, Rupali Tiwwari, Madhulika Srivastava, Mahendra Singh, A. R. Uthappa, P. Rai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

India’s economy is agro-based and about 69% of the total population depends on it for their livelihood (GoI, 2013). Livestock is the integral component of Indian agriculture since time immemorial. Its contribution to national economy through milk, meat, wool as well as farmyard manure is enormous. India has the largest number of livestock, representing over 17% of the world. Among four important species of livestock, cattle represent over 43% of the population followed by buffaloes (19%), goats (26%) and sheep (10%). The share of livestock reared is highest in marginal followed by small and semi-medium land holders implying that marginal …

Carbon Modeling Of Agroforestry Systems At Farmers’ Field In Indo-Gangetic Plains Of India, Sangram Bhanudas Chavan, S. K. Dhyani, Ajit, Rajendra Prasad, A. K. Handa, Badre Alam, R. H. Rizvi, Narendra Saroj, Amit Kumar Jain, Ankur Jha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Indian Green revolution region “Indo-Gangetic Plain” (IGP) comprises of four agro-climatic zones namely lower, middle, upper, and trans gangetic plains covering West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab, and some part of Rajasthan state. It covers 169 districts with total geographical area of 43.70 million ha. The Indo-Gangetic plains are one of the most populous regions with its area covering nearly 13% of the total geographical area of the country. It produces about 50% of the total food grains to feed 40% of the population. The continuous cropping of rice-wheat system has degraded the soil health …

In Situ Digestibility Of Gliricidia Sepium Combined With Brachiaria Decumbens In A Silvopastoral System, Suellen B. De Miranda Costa, Alexandre C. L. De Mello, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Mario De Andrade Lira, Janerson J. Coêlho, João T. C. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silvopastoral system (SPS) are characterized by a combination of trees, pasture and herbivores animals, in the same physical area, in order to obtain diversified products. A promising legume tree that has been studied and used in SPS in tropical areas is gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud]. Advantages of gliricidia use in SPS include N inputs via biological fixation, improvement of soil properties, nutrient cycling and also a source of feed to grazing animals (Cubillos-Hinojosa et al., 2011). Gliricidia has high crude protein concentration in its leaves, which complements the usual N-poor diet of ruminants grazing warm-season grasses. The …

Enhancing Forage Production Through Silvipastoral System In Arid Regions, Mavji Patidar, Ram Narayan Kumawat, B. K. Mathur, Arun Kumar Misra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock based farming system makes significant contribution for livelihood security of farmers in arid zone of India. However, availability of fodder for livestock is not sufficient due to water scarcity and land degradation leading to low productivity of grazing land. The arid zones are less suitable for crop production due to inherent soil constraints like low water retentivity, sandy texture, shallow depth, occurrence of rocks and stones, however some grasses and tree species of forage value and economic importance can grow well and help in augmenting forage production. Silvipasture offers a sustainable land use system which increases overall productivity of …

Role Of Shrubs In Rangeland Based Livestock Production System In Western Rajasthan, India, J. P. Singh, V. S. Rathore, B. K. Mathur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangeland covers ~ 51% of the terrestrial surface of the Earth, and supports half of the world‟s livestock. More than 80 % of forage consumed by domestic livestock is supplied by rangelands in Africa and Asia. Hot arid regions of India cover an area of 31.7 million hectares and out of which Rajasthan state constitutes ~ 61.8 % of the entire area. The crop production in this area is low, unstable and risky. Livestock sustains arid farming systems by virtue of their potential to reduce risk, alleviate poverty, important providers of nutrients and traction for growing crops in smallholder systems …

On-Offer And Residual Forage In A Massai-Leucaena Pasture At Different Leucaena Density, Enrique Cortés-Díaz, Juan Peñate Arcos, José L. Zaragoza-Ramírez, Pedro A. Martínez-Hernández

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mexican livestock producers in tropical areas are increasingly interested on the establishment of silvopastoral systems based on Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) and different tropical grasses as the Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv Massai); among questions raised on this is the importance of Leucaena density in relation to forage available. Then the objective of the study was to determine total and by species on-offer and residual forage in a grazed MassaiLeucaena pasture with different Leucaena density.

Evaluation Of Productivity Of Pearl Millet And Clusterbean And Growth Parameters Of Neem Strains Under Agro-Forestry System Under Semi-Arid And Rainfed Condition, S. S. Meena, R. P. Nagar, S. L. Meena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree is a native to Indian sub-continent and found throughout the India with maximum number of trees which are distributed over 70-75% geographical area of this country. It is distributed throughout south and southeast Asia, Australia, Africa and many other countries in central and south America including Carribean, Puer to Rica and Virgin Islands (Ram Mohan and Nair, 1993). The tree has been considered so invaluable and miraculous that it became a major inseparable component of the Indian ecosystem. Neem has been held in high esteem because of it provde medicinal and insecticidal properties. As …

Utilisation Of Conserved Forage To Improve Livestock Production On Smallholder Farms In Asia And Africa, Marsetyo, Muhammad Shoaib Tufail, Samuel Mbuku, Mupenzi Mutimura, Xusheng Guo, John Piltz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminant livestock are essential to the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many developing countries. Livestock production on these farms is characterised by low milk production, low live weight gain and poor reproductive performance because of poor nutrition. Access to high quality forage has been identified as key to improving livestock health and productivity. Conservation of surplus forage as hay or silage provides the opportunity to ensure livestock have access to high quality forage year-round. This paper reports on forage conservation in select countries in Asia and Africa.

Comparison Of Two Systems Of Pasture Allocation On Milking Intervals And Total Daily Milk Yield Of Dairy Cows In A Pasture-Based Automatic Milking System, Nicolas A. Lyons, Kendra L. Kerrisk, Sergio C. Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In pasture-based automatic milking systems (AMS), cows usually have a lower milking frequency (MF, the number of milking events in any 24 h period) than those reported in indoor housing systems (García and Fulkerson 2005). Moreover, milking intervals (MI, the interval between consecutive milking events, measured at every milking session in hours since the previous milking event) are higher, with up to 30% of milking events occurring with intervals above 16 h in grazing systems (NA Lyons unpublished data). Milking events occurring with long intervals have a negative effect on milk yield (Schmidt 1960) and udder health (Hammer et al. …