The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia,
2025
Peking University
The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper is a comprehensive report and explanation of a large scale research project carried out for the investigation of grassland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In the paper, the nature of the grassland resources in Inner Mongolia, the purposes of the research project, the organization of the research forces, the methods applied in the research, the chief results of the project, and the problems to be further solved have all been briefly discussed.
An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe,
2025
Lanzhou University
An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In this paper, two methods of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis-the A cut-set classification and the Interative Self-organization Data Analysis technique (ISODATA method)-are introduced to the classification of plant communities. The results show that using these methods, one may classify a number of sample quadrats obtained from vegetation mosaic which fails to possess definite lines among communities by means of random sampling rapidly and correctly. Moreover, it seems that the combination of the principal components analysis (PCA) and the ISODATA method in the classification is successful in reducing the subjective influence of the research worker and their results can be compared and …
Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecosystem models to analyse energy and matter flows in Japanese grazing grassland have been developed during the past 10 years. These models have contributed much to ecosystem studies but they are not suitable, from the farmers' viewpoint, for predicting grassland productivity for two reasons: (1) as they have generally large and complex structures, they do not fit individual farmers' small personal computers; and (2) they contain so many variables that farmers cannot measure precise values of all of them in their fields. In this paper, we propose six small simple population models for describing plant and animal growth which can …
Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates,
2025
Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station
Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of stocking rates on the energy conversion efficiency was examined on a grazing pasture over an eight year period from 1974. Annual stocking rates were in the range of 117-523 animal-unit days (AUD)/ha over eight years. Photosynthetically active radiation, net primary production by herbage plants and the amounts consumed by grazing cattle were measured during the plant growing season (from late March to late November). For estimations of stored energy in cattle, ARC feeding standards (1965) using the daily increment for body weight were adopted. Energy conversion efficiencies from solar energy through plants and animals were calculated as …
Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture,
2025
National Grassland Reseach Institute, Ecology Division, Nishinasuno
Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Energy flow from sun to grazing animals, especially the functions of cellular contents (CC) and cell wall (CW) in this regard, was examined at the Fujinita Experimental Grazing Pasture of the National Grassland Research Institute, Tochigi which is situated at 36 °55'N and 136 °58 E, with a mean annual air-temperature of 12.3 °C and mean annual rainfall 1631 mm. Grazing experiments were conducted under two different nitrogen application regimes in 1983 and 1984. The net primary production was 53 and 33 Mkcal/ha/yr for plot of high (HN) and low (LN) nitrogen applications, respectively. Dry matter of the standing crop …
Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems,
2025
National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Yatabe
Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Solar and supplemental energy dynamics were compared for several years in three different livestock feed production systems including, a) double cropping with barley and corn for whole-crop-silage, b) perennial cutting meadow of orchardgrass for hay-making, and c) grazing by fattening Holsteins with six cool-season grasses. The results obtained are; (1) In the double cropping system, the plot receiving slurry manure (S2) maintained the highest energy yield (3.86xl05MJ, 92,350 Meal of energy for each hectare of land, or 0.94% of overall efficiency as compared to global solar radiation) throughout the 5-year experimental period. (2) From the orchardgrass meadow, 1. 93x105MJ, 46,130 …
Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures,
2025
Hokkaido University
Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Red clover and white clover do not produce sufficiently for mixtures for hay or silage in the central district of Hokkaido. Alfalfa, for its part, is not yet widely cultivated in this district despite its superior longevity and higher productivity. The objective of this research is to verify the compatibility of alfalfa cultivars mixed with orchardgrass and timothy to give the grass species suited well to local conditions. Orchardgrass and timothy cultivars were mixed with a red clover cultivar and an alfalfa cultivar in Experiment 1 and with erect, medium and prostrate type alfalfa cultivars in Experiment 2, in one …
A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size,
2025
Lincoln College
A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A good level of cool season activity is desirable in pasture plants for use in New Zealand. However, while the mechanisms contributing to this have been intensively studied in grasses, this is not so for legumes. An experiment was designed to study the components of vegetative yield contributing to the cool season growth of three white clover ecotypes of differing leaf size. Measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, spring and early summer the DM yield ( consisting of leaf growth on a tagged stolon) of the large-leaved ecotype exceeded that of the smaller-leaved white clover …
Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture,
2025
Grasslands Division and Applied Mathematics Division
Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
100 'Grasslands Huia' white clover plants were planted in autumn 1979 at each of 3 hill pasture sites with wet, moist or dry annual soil moisture status. Surviving plants were counted and measured for leaf number, mean leaf size and plant spread 4 times per year for 4 years. Generally, plants with more leaves or greater spread were more likely to survive. Survival was greatest (27% after 4 years) at the dry site, which had fewer plant pests and a grazing management that permitted rapid spring growth.
Growth Characteristics Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In Mixtures At Varying Temperature And Moisture Levels,
2025
University of Sydney, Australia
Growth Characteristics Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In Mixtures At Varying Temperature And Moisture Levels, G.W King, A M. Bowman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Subterranean clover cultivars are being increasingly found in mixed strain sowings in Australia. Mixed sowing or oversowing may be done deliberately to overcome the problem of the high oestrogen content of some older strains in established pastures. However, some of the existing cultivars have aggressive growth characteristics, and may not be easy to replace. Identification of competitive characteristics and competition between strains needs examination. Three cultivars (Larisa, Yarloop and Woogenellup) were grown alone and in mixtures at three temperature levels and either at field capacity or at below 50% of field capacity in glasshouse trials. Larisa appeared to be suppressed …
Some Questions On Evaluating The Role Of Shoot And Root Competition By Partition Technique,
2025
Tokyo University of Agriculture
Some Questions On Evaluating The Role Of Shoot And Root Competition By Partition Technique, T Yamada
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of soil and aerial partitions separating shoot and root competition on plant weight of competing species were compared between the experimental data in six studies previously reported by some authors. Soil partition was found to be mainly operative in five experiments using two grass species so that a winner species can be promoted in growth while a loser species suppressed. In one study, in which a grass-clover combination was used, in contrast, aerial partition was effective in promoting the growth of a winner and in suppressing that of a loser. Corresponding to these effects, in general, plant weights …
Analysis And Simulation Of Competition Between Clover And Grass In Mixed Pastures,
2025
DSIR
Analysis And Simulation Of Competition Between Clover And Grass In Mixed Pastures, Tony R.O Field, P Roger Ball
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Maximum herbage accumulation rates of perennial ryegrass and white clover in monocultures can be predicted fr measurements om of leaf production responses to environmental variables. A model has been developed to take the next step and estimate growth of ryegrass and clover in mixtures using data from monocultures studies. Prediction of competitive dairyfarms. relationships Widespread was required observations as part indicate of an that white investigation clover of in mass mixtures balances is for often nitrogen severely (N) in constrained mixed by pastures its on companion New Zealandgrasses.
The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments,
2025
University of Tennessee
The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage growth and consumption, and animal performance were estimated in two beef steer (Bos sp.) backgrounding experiments concurrently with several environmental, plant, and animal characteristics. This paper describes, evaluates and validates a technique that combines the dynamic changes in species composition of grass-legume pastures over time into a Species Composition Index (SCI). This index then can be related to the effects of year, season, grazing pressure, forage quality, precipitation, and air temperature on forage growth and consumption, and animal performance. The SCI was compared to the traditional classification variable 'treatment' to describe seven different pasture conbinations of forage species for …
Root Competition And Productivity In Mono-And Binary Association Of Four Forage Species,
2025
Seoul National University
Root Competition And Productivity In Mono-And Binary Association Of Four Forage Species, Ho-Jin Lee, Myeong-Je Cho
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the root system and forage production in intra- and inter-specific stands of four forage crops; orchard grass, smooth bromegrass, ladino clover, and alfalfa. Crop competitions were noticed from early growth stage and affected to crop growth and forage production significantly. Orchardgrass was the most aggressive species and ladino clover the least. But mixture of orchardgrass-ladino clover had the highest forage production and the highest root density at the end of first-year-growth. In the evaluation of general competition ability (GCA), orchardgrass with the highest GCA was more dominant in root competition than in shoot. …
Aspects Of Indicator Plants As Criteria For Grassland Development In Wetland,
2025
National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences
Aspects Of Indicator Plants As Criteria For Grassland Development In Wetland, N Nishimura, T Suyama, N Ohga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to decide the critical conditions for grassland development in wetland, we attempted to pick out indicator plants from grassland species. The five investigation sites used were prepared pastures containing moorland situated in the cool-temperate zone. As a result of 426 observations using one-square-meter quadrats, 316 species were confirmed. Using these findings the relationships between floristic composition and soil moisture conditions were analyzed by environmental gradient analysis. The following moisture gradient was observed in the order of species from mesophytic place to humid place; Paa pratensis - Dactylis glomerata - Trifolium repens - Juncus effusus - Scripus wichurae - …
A Simulation Study On Effects Of Heifer Excreta On Herbage Yields And Potassium Uptake In Grazing Pasture,
2025
National Institute for Environmental Studies
A Simulation Study On Effects Of Heifer Excreta On Herbage Yields And Potassium Uptake In Grazing Pasture, T Hakamata
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two models (a potassium cycling model and an excreta! spatial dispersion model) were constructed to clarify how biased dispersion of potassium(K) and herbage yields occur in a pasture. 18 cases [ ( unexcreted + (urine, dung) x 4 excreted months) x (grass + legume)] were simulated by the K cycling model to obtain standing crops of K and herbage at the end of a growing season. The standing crops per 1 m2 were calculated on all the quadrats in the pasture by using the excreta! dispersion model. The standing crops in each of 18 cases were assumed to be normally …
Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia,
2025
The University of Adelaide
Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The self-regenerating annual legumes mainly the medics (Medicago spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium spp.) are vital for maintaining the nitrogen economy of some 40 million hectares of crop and pasture land in Australia. However, new pests and diseases and poor management practices have caused serious decline of these annual legumes in many districts. In recent years a research program to identify the main factors causing legume decline has been started at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute. This research involves (i) studies of seed-seedling dynamics of the annual species of medics in the cereal-livestock zone (350-500mm annual rainfall) where legumes· are …
Population Regulations Of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana) Varieties In Sward Conditions,
2025
Kyushu University
Population Regulations Of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana) Varieties In Sward Conditions, M Kataoka, K Ibaraki, H Tokunaga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to appreciate how population regulation of grass varieties occur in sward conditions, seven varieties of Rhodes grass were sown at four densities and grown with four cuttings during the first year, and records were taken of the density of surviving genets, the density of tillers, the mean genet weight and the mean tiller weight. During the experiment the two density-dependent processes of population regulation were observed, viz, densitydependent mortality of genets and density-dependent tillering of surviving genets. As results of these processes, tiller density converged towards a value characteristic of the variety but nearly free from influence of …
Biological Efficiency Of Alpine Kobresia Grassland And Its Improved Semi-Artificial And Artificial Grasslands,
2025
Gansu Agricultural University
Biological Efficiency Of Alpine Kobresia Grassland And Its Improved Semi-Artificial And Artificial Grasslands, Hu Zizhi, Sun Jixiong, Zhang Zihe, Zhang Yinsheng, Xu Changlin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies of phytomass and solar energy conversion efficiency were made on native alpine Kobresia grassland and its improved semi-artificial and artificial grasslands during June 20 to November 20, 1981, at Tianzhu Alpine Grassland Experiment Station of Gansu Agricultural University, China. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Aboveground total phytomass (standing green + standing dead + litter) of Kobresia grassland was the smallest and artificial grassland largest. On the contrary, underground total phytomass (live roots+ dead roots) of Kobresia grassland was the largest and artificial grassland smallest. Aboveground and underground total phytomass of Kobresia grassland was the largest, semi-artificial grassland …
Pasture Renovation: The Effect Of Cultivation On The Productivity And Nitrogen Cycling Of A Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Pasture,
2025
Department of Primary Industries, Queensland
Pasture Renovation: The Effect Of Cultivation On The Productivity And Nitrogen Cycling Of A Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Pasture, T.W G. Graham, R.J K. Myers, J W. Doran, V R. Catchpoole, G B. Robbins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Initially vigorous improved grass pastures sown without legume in cleared forest country decline in productivity within five years. Perennial grass pastures become nitrogen (N) deficient with time because N accumlates in less available forms of plant and microbial origin and because additional mineralization of humic N does not occur. Rundown pastures can be rejuvenated by applying N fertilizer but more economical renovation options are sought. Options evaluated in this experiment were-disc ploughing once, 3-month cultivated fallow and resow, discing and oversowing a legume, N fertilizer and spring burning. In old buffel grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures large reserves of …
