Identification Of Sesquiterpenes In Wild Tomato Accessions With Activities Against The Potato Aphid And Their Tissue-Specific Engineering In Cultivated Tomato,
2022
West Virginia University
Identification Of Sesquiterpenes In Wild Tomato Accessions With Activities Against The Potato Aphid And Their Tissue-Specific Engineering In Cultivated Tomato, Fumin Wang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) poses a serious problem in the commercial production of horticultural crops including tomato, since it causes damage by stylet feeding and the transmission of viruses for which it serves as the vector. Application of conventional pesticides being the fundamental tactic in the control of the aphid is increasingly considered insufficient and problematic due to emerging pest resistances and biosafety issues, highlighting the continuing need to develop new efficient and sustainable approaches. Alternatively, glandular trichomes of plants are well-known epidermal hairy tissues producing various secondary metabolites that involve in plant-insect interactions, while the terpene …
Plant-Pollinator Interaction Networks In Remnant And Reconstructed Palouse Prairie In Eastern Wa, Usa,
2022
Eastern Washington University
Plant-Pollinator Interaction Networks In Remnant And Reconstructed Palouse Prairie In Eastern Wa, Usa, Emma Hoskins
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Ecological restoration is often focused on re-establishing native plant communities, without considering the larger ecological community, specifically pollinators, despite their being critical to native forb reproduction. Further, ecological restoration has the potential to mitigate global pollinator declines by rebuilding native ecosystems, providing pollinators with floral resources and nesting habitat. This is especially true for prairie restoration, which struggles to establish diverse, abundant native forb communities. The USDA Conservation Reserve Program State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (CRP SAFE) Palouse Prairie Project provides funding to convert agricultural fields into native Palouse Prairie habitat for the benefit of wildlife. Due to financial and …
Characterization Of Salt And Drought Tolerance In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.),
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Characterization Of Salt And Drought Tolerance In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.), Sevgi Saylak
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Consequent to the increasing world population, food sources are needed to be increased to meet the nutritional needs. However, due to natural processes and agricultural activities, the most destructive environmental factors that limit crop production, soil salinity, and drought-exposed areas are growing. As one of the major oilseed crops, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), is considered to be moderately tolerant to salt and drought. Although it can grow in arid to semi-arid regions, increasing salinity and drought might adversely affect sunflower production. This study aimed to investigate several sunflower germplasms' morphological responses to salt and drought stresses. For this purpose, …
Dccam-Mrnet: Mixed Residual Connection Network With Dilated Convolution And Coordinate Attention Mechanism For Tomato Disease Identification,
2022
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Dccam-Mrnet: Mixed Residual Connection Network With Dilated Convolution And Coordinate Attention Mechanism For Tomato Disease Identification, Yujian Liu, Yaowen Hu, Weiwei Cai, Guoxiong Zhou, Jialei Zhan, Liujun Li
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Tomato is an important and fragile crop. During the course of its development, it is frequently contaminated with bacteria or viruses. Tomato leaf diseases may be detected quickly and accurately, resulting in increased productivity and quality. Because of the intricate development environment of tomatoes and their inconspicuous disease spot features and small spot area, present machine vision approaches fail to reliably recognize tomato leaves. As a result, this research proposes a novel paradigm for detecting tomato leaf disease. The INLM (integration nonlocal means) filtering algorithm, for example, decreases the interference of surrounding noise on the features. Then, utilizing ResNeXt50 as …
Applying Resource Selection Probability Function (Rspf) To Understand Floral Resource Use By A Common Bumble Bee, Bombus Vancouverensis,
2022
University of Montana, Missoula
Applying Resource Selection Probability Function (Rspf) To Understand Floral Resource Use By A Common Bumble Bee, Bombus Vancouverensis, Rebekah Brassfield
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Bombus) are important pollinators in temperate ecosystems worldwide with seasonal caste variations involving queens, workers, and drones. Like all organisms, they must meet their nutrient requirements for successful growth and development by using several floral resources over time. When resource use is in greater proportion to its abundance on a landscape, that use is considered selective. To examine resource use within the context of abundance, a resource selection probability function (RSPF) was applied to examine floral resource use through a flowering season by a common bumble bee, Bombus vancouverensis. The RSPF framework was used to examine 1) …
Degradation And Nitrogen Cycling In The Context Of Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function Relationships In The Inquiline Bacterial Community Of Darlingtonia Californica,
2022
Humboldt State University
Degradation And Nitrogen Cycling In The Context Of Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function Relationships In The Inquiline Bacterial Community Of Darlingtonia Californica, Megan Teigen
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) research aims to explain how species and their environments interact with each other. Microbial communities engage in vital biogeochemical pathways in a variety of natural ecosystems, and yet there are large knowledge gaps about the specific metabolic pathways in which they are involved. Degradation specifically contributes to nitrogen cycling globally through the breakdown of large organic nitrogen compounds into small inorganic nitrogen that is necessary for the survival of many other organisms. In this study, I focused on the degradative function of the inquiline microbial communities found within the carnivorous pitcher plant, Darlingtonia californica. Darlingtonia grows in …
Documenting The Rapidly Expanding Distribution Of Invasive Ravenna Grass (Tripidium Ravennae) Eastern In Kansas,
2022
Pittsburg State University
Documenting The Rapidly Expanding Distribution Of Invasive Ravenna Grass (Tripidium Ravennae) Eastern In Kansas, Rachel A. Styers
Electronic Theses & Dissertations
Invasive species cause significant ecological losses in the United States where they cost approximately $21 billion dollars a year to manage (Fantle-Lepczyk et al., 2022). Early detection of new invasive species, coupled with a rapid response of management efforts, can help to slow the ecological and economic impacts caused by these habitat invaders. Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz (or Ravenna grass) is a tall, robust, cespitose grass known to occur in Kansas, although its distribution remained poorly documented prior to this study. Given its known invasive tendencies, it has been declared noxious in at least six US states. Coupled with …
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Mechanically Extracted Banana Juice At Different Ripening Stages,
2021
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35134 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Mechanically Extracted Banana Juice At Different Ripening Stages, Mathayo G Mathias, Lilian D Kaale, Oscar Kibazohi
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper presents the findings of a study on physico-chemical properties of low viscosity banana juice from five banana cultivars: Pisang Awak (PSA) an ABB genome, Yangambi km5 (YKM5) an AAA genome and cultivars from AAA-EA genome, namely Mbilabile, Ndeshi and Mlonga. Low viscosity banana juice was extracted using improved mechanical method at five ripening stages. The physico-chemical properties significantly varied according to cultivars and ripening stages (p < 0.05). Yields, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and pH were in the range of 19.50–74.03%, 7.33–27.64 ºBrix, 0.37–0.76% malic acid equivalent and 4.09–4.70, respectively. Yields decreased in the order of Mbilabile > Ndeshi > Mlonga > YKM5 > PSA whereas the total soluble solids increased as follows Mlonga < Mbilabile < Ndeshi < YKM5 < PSA. Furthermore, ashes and mineral contents decreased with ripening stages whereas the low viscosity banana juice was rich in potassium and magnesium. Finally, the study recommends stage 5 of the ripeness as ideal for producing low viscosity banana juice. Keywords: Mechanical extraction, Banana cultivar, Ripening stage, Tannin, Banana juice.
Application Of F-Waspas In The Ranking Of Crops For Agro-Processing: The Case Of Ikondo Ward In Njombe, Tanzania,
2021
Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Application Of F-Waspas In The Ranking Of Crops For Agro-Processing: The Case Of Ikondo Ward In Njombe, Tanzania, Benito G Mng'ong'o, David Koloseni
Tanzania Journal of Science
The purpose of this work was to develop and apply a Fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (F-WASPAS) method in ranking selected crops for agro-processing at Ikondo Ward in Njombe Region, Tanzania. The fuzzy technique for order preferences by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was applied in determining the fuzzy importance weights of criteria, while the fuzzy WASPAS successfully ranked the crops, and maize was ranked the highest. Keywords: F-WASPAS, Linguistic variables, Fuzzy aggregation, Agro-processing, Decision making, Multi-Criteria Decision Making.
Identification And Characterization Of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses In Non-Crop Plants From Unguja And Pemba Islands,
2021
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35091 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Identification And Characterization Of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses In Non-Crop Plants From Unguja And Pemba Islands, Joseph A. Mwakosya, Gladness E. Temu, Joseph C. Ndunguru
Tanzania Journal of Science
Cassava mosaic disease caused by cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs) remains one of themajor constraints to cassava production since it causes yield losses up to 100%. Researchesshowed that some of CMBs infecting cassava plants may be coming from non-crop plants. Thisstudy intended to identify and characterize CMBs isolated from non-crop plant species inUnguja and Pemba Islands. A total of 108 viral symptomatic and asymptomatic non-crop leafsamples were collected using stratified sampling. DNA was extracted by using CTAB protocolfollowed by polymerase chain reaction using universal and specific primers for cassava mosaicbegomoviruses identification. Results showed that, among eleven samples that were amplified,four were …
Effects Of Ripeness And Blending Speed On The Extraction Yield And Physical Chemical Properties Of Low Viscosity Banana Juice,
2021
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35134, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Effects Of Ripeness And Blending Speed On The Extraction Yield And Physical Chemical Properties Of Low Viscosity Banana Juice, Oscar Kibazohi, Victor V Matabura
Tanzania Journal of Science
Low viscosity banana juice can be extracted from banana by blending and pressing the resulted semi-solid pulp to separate the juice. This juice extraction technology is relatively new and further studies to understand key parameters for juice release is vital for scaling up production and commercialisation. This study, investigated the influence of blending speed and ripeness stage on banana juice yield using two banana cultivars; the East African highland banana (Mbile) and the exotic banana (Pisang awak). Types of sugars and organic acids in the juice were analysed using an HPLC. Changes with ripening of fruit firmness, juice pH and …
Mathematical Characterization Of Biological Control Of Cassava Pests Model,
2021
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Mathematical Characterization Of Biological Control Of Cassava Pests Model, Yidiat O. Aderinto, Faith O. Ibiwoye, Michael O. Oke, Folashade M. Jimoh
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pests are major constraints to the effective growth and development of every crop through their damage, and can be controlled effectively by the use of their natural enemies which is referred to as the biological pest control. In this study, the biological control model of cassava pests through optimal control theory was presented in order to minimize the population of the pests and stabilize the natural enemies population so as not to affect the crop negatively. A mathematical model was formulated via the Lotka-Volterra model, and the model was characterized. The optimality system was established, the equilibrium point with its …
Long Term Observation Of The Grassland Vegetation Used Intensively Or Extensively And Ecologically,
2021
Rostock University, Germany
Long Term Observation Of The Grassland Vegetation Used Intensively Or Extensively And Ecologically, H.-D. Matthes, J. Matthes, W. Jentsch, V. Pastushenko
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of the present paper was to study alterations of the grassland flora from 55 plots following a more extensive management under long term observation within 6 years. Extensification of grassland use leads to an increase of the numbers of plant species by 32%, “Red-list-species” included. The moisture number of the soils slightly increased and the reaction and nitrogen numbers decreased. Results are presented for different vegetation units.
Influence Of Extensive Management On Botanical Composition Of Permanent Meadow Sward,
2021
Warmia and Masuria University in Olsztyn, Poland
Influence Of Extensive Management On Botanical Composition Of Permanent Meadow Sward, K. Mlynarczyk, E. Korona, E. Marks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of undertaken investigations was to find the possibilities of grassland management with special respect to the biodiversity and the landscape conservation. Changes in botanical composition of the meadow sward against a background of different mowing utilization were examined on the semi-natural meadows situated on the peat-mursh soil in Masurian Landscape Park (north-east Poland). The areas mown with biennial pause and completely turned off from uses followed gradual simplifying of species composition and increasing of bog species participation. Results show on advisability of passing one harvest each year or with one-year pauses.
Vegetation Changes In Sown Grassland In The Uk After Nine Years Of Extensive Grazing Management,
2021
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, UK
Vegetation Changes In Sown Grassland In The Uk After Nine Years Of Extensive Grazing Management, C. A. Marriott, G. T. Barthram
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of extensive grazing management with sheep on vegetation change in sown pastures (initially containing Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens) in the uplands of Scotland was investigated from 1990-1999. One treatment was representative of current more intensive management systems; it was fertilized, and maintained at a sward surface height of 4 cm. Two treatments were unfertilized and were maintained at sward surface heights of 4 cm or 8 cm; the ewe numbers carried on these treatments averaged 74% and 44%, respectively, of those on the fertilized treatment. In all treatments the sheep were Scottish Blackface ewes. Their single …
The Influence Of Rising Atmospheric Co2 On Grassland Ecosystems,
2021
U.S. Department of Agriculture
The Influence Of Rising Atmospheric Co2 On Grassland Ecosystems, J. A. Morgan, P. C. D. Newton, J. Nösberger, C. E. Owensby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climatic change will have significant effects on the ecology of grasslands. This paper evaluates results from four CO2 enrichment studies in contrasting grasslands. A Swiss study investigates the effects of elevated CO2 (600 μL L-1 CO2) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L), a New Zealand study examines how elevated CO2 (475 μL L-1 CO2) affects a botanically diverse pasture, and studies in the Kansas tallgrass prairie and the Colorado shortgrass steppe investigate the effects of an approximate …
Elevated Co2 Enhances Productivity And The C/N Ratio Of Grasses In The Colorado Shortgrass Steppe,
2021
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Elevated Co2 Enhances Productivity And The C/N Ratio Of Grasses In The Colorado Shortgrass Steppe, J. A. Morgan, A. R. Mosier, D. R. Lecain, W. J. Parton, D. G. Milchunas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been increasing since the industrial revolution, and are projected to double within this century over today's concentration of 360 µmol mol-1 . This study used six open-top chambers in the Colorado, USA shortgrass steppe to investigate how increasing CO2 will affect productivity and C and N status of indigenous perennial grasses and forbs. From March until October, chambers were placed on two plots in each of the three blocks. In each block, one chamber was assigned an ambient CO2 treatment (~360 µmol mol-1), the other an elevated CO2 treatment …
Rangeland Desertification In China,
2021
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Rangeland Desertification In China, Wang Tao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Land desertification is one of the most serious environmental and social-economic problems in the North China. The processes of desertification mainly have being controlled by the interaction of human activities and fragile eco-environment, that means the pattern and intension of landuse are major factors for development or reverse of desertification. Because of the increasing pressure of population, the rangeland in the North China has being cultivated decade by decade, which changed landuse from grassing to cropping in a large area and destroyed the natural vegetation cover. The result is to let the wind erosion become easier and the desertification has …
Grasslands, Communicating The Benefits,
2021
Iowa State University
Grasslands, Communicating The Benefits, D. Keeney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The multiple benefits of perennial agriculture , including forages and grasslands, for building soil quality, protection of natural resources, enhancement of biodiversity and wildlife, are well known to us, but little understood by the public. This is not a situation where “more education” would necessarily increase recognition. Rather, we must build in the public a desire for the enhancement of green space, clean water and air, and diverse landscapes that multiple purpose agriculture can bring. We seek such environments intuitively and now that much of the world’s people are “trapped” in urban settings of steel and concrete, this desire is …
Agropastoral Systems An Alternative To Revert Pasture Degradation In The Cerrados Of Brazil: Preliminary Results,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Agropastoral Systems An Alternative To Revert Pasture Degradation In The Cerrados Of Brazil: Preliminary Results, Manuel C. M. Macedo, J. A. M. Bono, A. H. Zimmer, F. P. Costa, Tsutomu Kanno, Cesar Heraclides Behling Miranda, A. N. Kichel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A long term experiment was set to test the hypothesis that agropastoral systems could improve crop and animal production, being more profitable and sustainable relative to economical, biological and environmental aspects, than continuous and traditional crop and grazing pasture systems. Five farming systems are being tested: two traditional (continuous soybean annual cropping and continuous pasture cropping) and three agropastoral systems (two combinations of four by four years of rotational crop-pasture systems and one by three years of crop-pasture rotation). Animal production in continuous pasture cropping measured as liveweight gain/ha (LWG) are declining along the years in the sub-treatment without fertilizer …
