Soil Carbon Accumulation Under Perennial Forage Grasses In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania,
2022
International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Kenya
Soil Carbon Accumulation Under Perennial Forage Grasses In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, S. S. Nyawira, P. Birthe, M. J. Korir, B. Nzogela, A. O. Notenbaert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Land degradation caused by the loss of SOC in continuously cultivated agricultural systems is a major problem in many sub-Saharan Africa countries. The integration on perennial forage grasses in cropping systems has the potential to enhance SOC sequestration. The main objective of this study is to compare soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial forages with SOC under annual food crops, specifically maize (Zea mays). A survey was conducted in Njombe district in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania to identity farmers with planted forages that are more than five years old and with neighbouring maize plots. Survey results identified …
Perennial Forage Grasses Response To Deficit Irrigation As An Alternative For Water-Limited Conditions Of Southern Chile,
2022
INIA, Chile
Perennial Forage Grasses Response To Deficit Irrigation As An Alternative For Water-Limited Conditions Of Southern Chile, Rafael López-Olivari, Fernando Ortega-Klose
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial grasses are an important pasture forage source for the animal production industry around the world. However, the lack of available water limits the use and efficiency of the water resource for maximizing the forage yield. Furthermore, the highest perennial grasses production is obtained in southern Chile, where the frequency and intensity of the rainfalls has been significantly diminished in the main growing period. Thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the responses of forage yield (FY) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under different levels of water stress on perennial grasses sown …
Quantification Of Methane Emissions From Indoor-Fed Fogera Dairy Cows Using Laser Methane Detector,
2022
Tottori University, Japan
Quantification Of Methane Emissions From Indoor-Fed Fogera Dairy Cows Using Laser Methane Detector, N. Kobayashi, F. Hou, A. Tsunekawa, Tianhai Yan, F. Tegegne, A. Tassew, Y. Mekuriaw, S. Mekuriaw, B. Hunegnaw, W. Mekonnen, T. Ichinohe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Portable laser methane detectors (LMDs) may be an economical means of estimating CH4 emissions from ruminants. Here, we validated an LMD-based approach and then used that approach to evaluate CH4 emissions from indigenous dairy cows in a dryland area of Ethiopia. First, we validated our LMD-based approach in Simmental crossbred beef cattle (n = 2) housed in respiration chambers and fed either a high- or low-concentrate diet. We found that the exhaled air CH4 concentrations measured by LMD were linearly correlated with the CH4 emissions determined by infrared-absorption-based gas analyzer (r2 = 0.55). …
An Ecophisiological Proposal To Manage Natural Grasslands: A Long Term Trial,
2022
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
An Ecophisiological Proposal To Manage Natural Grasslands: A Long Term Trial, F. L. F. De Quadros, D. Roberti, L. Marin, B. Kuinchtner, P. L. Nascimento
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural grasslands on Southern Brazil comprise the so called “Rio de La Plata Grasslands” in South America. They are an important fodder source for ruminant pastoral systems and contribute to regional ecosystem services. Strength of these grasslands is its floristic diversity that poses a dilemma to farmers: how to choose management protocols that could be applied for hundreds of species. We propose to use a functional ecophysiological approach based on groups of grasses, the most abundant on aerial biomass of this natural grasslands. We clustered the most frequent grasses in two groups based on its leaf traits (leaf dry matter …
When The Natural Toxin Concentration In Crotalaria Increase In Japan?,
2022
NARO, Japan
When The Natural Toxin Concentration In Crotalaria Increase In Japan?, M. Kaneko, N. Kato, I. Hattori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A green manure crop, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), legumes, has a nematode-suppressive effect. It is also used as feed in India. However, it is not used as feed in Japan because it contains natural toxins: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). PAs has the negative effects for not only livestock but also human health. The PAs, which are abundant in sunn hemp seeds and which are contained only slightly in leaves and stems. Therefore, if sunn hemp harvested before flowering, then no poison problem is posed by PAs. However, if it is harvested at the podding stage, a poisonous concentration of …
Accelerate Scaling Up Forage Intensification Using Novel Digital Extension Approach In Kenya,
2022
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Accelerate Scaling Up Forage Intensification Using Novel Digital Extension Approach In Kenya, Donald M. G. Njarui, Mwangi Gatheru, Jessica M. Ndubi, Alice W. Murage, Anne W. Gichangi, Elias M. Gichangi, Udaya S. Nogothu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Wide scale adoption of diverse forages improves livestock productivity and farmers welfare. However, limited access to information and knowledge on forage production results in slow adoption in Kenya. There is need to enhance information and knowledge exchange among farming communities for efficient and effective adoption and decision-making. An inter-institutional pilot project was initiated in 2017 to scale-up forages in Kenya using a novel extension approach - the village knowledge centre (VKC). A VKC is an information and communication technology (ICT) digital platform-based linking farmers through smart phones and social media as a conduit for faster and effective information and knowledge. …
Evaluation Of Annual Companion Crops For The Establishment Of Perennial Forage Crops In Eastern Canada,
2022
McGill University, Canada
Evaluation Of Annual Companion Crops For The Establishment Of Perennial Forage Crops In Eastern Canada, Philippe Seguin, Sandrine St-Pierre-Lepage, Céline Georlette, Caroline Halde, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, Huguette Martel, Ayitre Akpakouma
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of companion crops when establishing perennial forages is desirable as it often reduces weed growth and increases forage biomass in the seeding year. In eastern Canada, oat (Avena sativa L.) is the main species used as companion crop; although other species are used, they have not been systematically evaluated. A field study was established in 2019 at three sites in Québec, Canada, to contrast the use of six annual species as companion crops for the establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures. Species evaluated include berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), annual …
Variation Of Pollen Viability In Brachiaria Species And Opportunity In Increased Filled Seed Percentage,
2022
Kagoshima University, Japan
Variation Of Pollen Viability In Brachiaria Species And Opportunity In Increased Filled Seed Percentage, Weenaporn Juntasin, Sarayut Thaikua, Rattikan Poungkaew, Pichet Chanpeng, Sompon Waipanya, Yasuhiro Kawamoto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On pseudogamy process, pollen fertility affects endosperm development in Brachiaria apomictic hybrids. Also, it was well-known that self-incompatibility could affect the fertilization in cross pollination species. Evaluation of pollen viability and percentage of filled seed, and the demonstration of pollen induction technique for increasing filled seed percentage in Brachiaria spp. are presented in this paper. In the first experiment, 8 cultivars/breeding lines of Brachiaria, including 2 open-pollinated cultivars, an apomictic cultivar and 5 hybrids, were planted in randomized completely block design, with 3 replications at northeast Thailand. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants, 6 central plants were evaluated. …
Improving Taxonomic Delimitation Of Fungal Species In The Age Of Genomics And Phenomics,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Improving Taxonomic Delimitation Of Fungal Species In The Age Of Genomics And Phenomics, Asjley Stengel, Kimberly M. Stanke, Amanda C. Quattrone, Joshua Herr
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Species concepts have long provided a source of debate among biologists. These lively debates have been important for reaching consensus on how to communicate across scientific disciplines and for advancing innovative strategies to study evolution, population biology, ecology, natural history, and disease epidemiology. Species concepts are also important for evaluating variability and diversity among communities, understanding biogeographical distributions, and identifying causal agents of disease across animal and plant hosts. While there have been many attempts to address the concept of species in the fungi, there are several concepts that have made taxonomic delimitation especially challenging. In this review we discuss …
Evaluation Of Herbage Intake Estimation Methods For Dairy Cattle Grazing On Semi-Extensive Pastures,
2022
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Evaluation Of Herbage Intake Estimation Methods For Dairy Cattle Grazing On Semi-Extensive Pastures, S. Perdana-Decker, E. Velasco, J. Werner, U. Dickhoefer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Available empirical and mechanistic models to estimate total dry matter intake (DMI) and pasture dry matter intake (PDMI) of grazing lactating dairy cows have mainly been developed under intensive grazing conditions. The objective was to evaluate the adequacy of such existent models for use under semi-extensive grazing conditions, characterised by semi-natural grassland and less intensive resource use. Feed intake of lactating cows was measured on three commercial organic dairy farms in South Germany during one or two 6-d-periods/farm in 2019. Each period, DMI was determined in 10 or 20 cows per farm from their daily faecal output measured using titanium …
Tracing The Path Of Technology Diffusion: The Case Of Nturumenti, Narok, Kenya,
2022
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya
Tracing The Path Of Technology Diffusion: The Case Of Nturumenti, Narok, Kenya, Paul N. Katiku, R. Kimitei, S. Amboga, G. A. Keya, B. Korir, J. Nginyi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An array of technologies; growing improved wheat varieties, bulking and collective marketing of wheat grains, sheep breed improvement, ram sharing, feedlot sheep fattening for market, strategic sheep deworming, pasture establishment and conservation practices; were introduced to members of a community based organization (CBO) in Nturumenti, anti-female genital mutilation and anti-poverty organization (AFAPO) in 2014. The CBO members, composed of youthful 19 men and 7 females, were intensively exposed and involved in the new skills both theoretically and practically in the farmers’ field school model. Even though the 8 farming technology options were suitable for the study environment, their adoption and …
The Use Of Sunn Hemp As Forage In Florida,
2022
University of Florida
The Use Of Sunn Hemp As Forage In Florida, João M. B. Vendramini, J. E. Garzon Alfonso, H. M. Da Silva, Maria L. Silveira, J. C. B. Dubeux Jr., M. Kaneko
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a warm-season annual legume that has been widely used as cover crop; however, there is potential to use sunn hemp as forage in subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate management practices to improve the efficiency of using sunn hemp as a forage crop. The study was conducted in Ona, Florida, USA from 2016 to 2018 and tested the factorial arrangement of five sunn hemp genotypes (Crescent Sunn, Ubon, Blue Leaf, and AU Golden) and two harvest times (60 d after seeding or flowering) with four replicates. There was a …
The Optimum Seeding And Harvesting Dates Of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Via Optimum Moving Response Surface Methodology,
2022
Kangwon National University, South Korea
The Optimum Seeding And Harvesting Dates Of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Via Optimum Moving Response Surface Methodology, M. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. H. Jo, C. H. Kim, K. Sung
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study aimed to detect the optimum seeding and harvesting dates, and to verify the variation of dry matter yield (DMY) for sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH) via optimum moving RSM proposed to optimize the RSM in metadata. For detecting the optimum point, a response surface methodology (RSM) has been known well in agricultural science. The SSH metadata (n = 856) consists of individual experiments that could be performed to check the optimum seeding and harvesting dates by classic RSM. However, the SSH metadata failed to produce an effective single equation which can be detected the optimum seeding and harvesting dates due …
The Importance Of Soil Seed Bank Dynamics As Potential Indicators Of Desertification Tipping Point,
2022
University of Namibia, Namibia
The Importance Of Soil Seed Bank Dynamics As Potential Indicators Of Desertification Tipping Point, N. Hamunyela, W. C. Nesongano, K. Tielbörger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Soil seed banks play a major role in the vegetation dynamics of drylands, where annual rainfall is unpredictable and plants depend on a persistent stage (seeds) to survive over the dry season. The purpose of the study is to understand the behaviour of the rangeland system in terms of soil seed bank dynamics before, during and after crossing the “so called” DTP and to determine whether different management systems plays a role in accelerating the desertification process. Through the use of the Space for Time Substitution Approach the study analysed spatial grazing gradients (gradients radiating from water points) to predict …
The Influence Of Legume Species On The Productivity And Quality Of Multi-Species Swards In Four Production Years,
2022
Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia
The Influence Of Legume Species On The Productivity And Quality Of Multi-Species Swards In Four Production Years, A. Adamovics, I. Gutmane
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Latvia’s farms, the use of multicomponent grass–legume mixtures is a traditional practice, because swards can secure good persistence and stable productivity. Red clover Trifolium pratense (Tp) and lucerne Medicago sativa (Ms) are traditional forage crops, but fodder galega Galega orientalis (Go) is grown for a relatively short period. Field trials were carried out with the aim to investigate forage yield and quality during four production years of sown legume–grass swards. Mixtures were composed of 50% legumes and 50% grasses (G). Swards were cut three times during the vegetation season. Significant differences in dry matter (DM) yield were found between …
Promoting Rangeland Restoration And Climate Resilience Through Grazing Case Studies,
2022
Washington State University
Promoting Rangeland Restoration And Climate Resilience Through Grazing Case Studies, T. D. Hudson, S. A. Hall, G. G. Yorgey, S. Neibergs, M. R. Reeves, S. Jensen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cow-calf beef operations are the primary users of the 8.75 million hectares of rangelands in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and will have to adapt to ongoing and future climate change. Management directed toward current rangeland stressors which may be amplified under a changing climate—including fire risk, invasive plants, and droughts—is likely to improve future resilience. And although climate change discussions have become highly politicized, our experience suggests that Pacific Northwest ranchers support "no-regrets” strategies that provide ecological and economic benefits under a variety of future conditions. Our goal is to foster adoption of these strategies by sharing individual success stories. …
The Effects Of Microbial Inoculation On Short-To-Long Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Grass-Legume Silage Ensiled In Big Bales,
2022
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
The Effects Of Microbial Inoculation On Short-To-Long Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Grass-Legume Silage Ensiled In Big Bales, J. Jatkauskas, V. Vrotniakiene, K. L. Witt, G. Copani, I. Eisner
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Wilted (35.9 % DM and 2.6% WSC) moderately difficult to ensile grass-legume mixture (red clover, alfalfa and timothy 50:20:30) was ensiled in cylindrical big bales (1.2 m hight and 1.2 m diameter) with a weight about 700 kg. The crop was ensiled for 8, 32 and 120 days with or without a microbial inoculation (SiloSolve® FC containing Lactococcus lactis DSM 11037/1k2081 and Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 22501/1k20738 applied at 1.5×105 CFU g-1 forage). Ten bales per treatment were prepared for each fermentation period. After each period of ensiling the big bales were opened, sampled, and tested for fermentation …
Strategies To Decrease Management Inputs And Improve Quality Of Tripsacum For Fodder Production And Ecosystem Services,
2022
Mississippi State University
Strategies To Decrease Management Inputs And Improve Quality Of Tripsacum For Fodder Production And Ecosystem Services, Jesse Ira Morrison
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Species and biotypes of the genus Tripsacum include: eastern gamagrass (T. dactyloides) in North and Central America; Guatemala grass (T. fasciculatum syn. T. andersonii) in Latin America and the West Indies; and wide-leaf gamagrass (T. latifolium) throughout Mesoamerica. Of these, Guatemala grass has become widely popular throughout the tropics as a fodder plant and for its benefits related to environmental and ecosystem services. Guatemala grass is a hearty, long-lived perennial warm-season bunchgrass. Mature plants are somewhat shallow rooted, with short rhizomes, and produce robust foliage with leaf blades 10cm wide and 120cm long. The …
Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Stocking Rate In A Rotational Grazing System On A Namibian Cattle And Sheep Farm From 2006 To 2017,
2022
German Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Germany
Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Stocking Rate In A Rotational Grazing System On A Namibian Cattle And Sheep Farm From 2006 To 2017, L. Ludwig, C. Huelsebusch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The debate on appropriate stocking rates (SR) increasingly recognizes the importance of variable, targeted and adaptive stocking in response to a temporally variable and spatially heterogeneous resource distribution, particularly in challenging environments such as the Namibian savannah. In common extensive ranching systems, a farmer’s scope of action is often limited to flexibly adjusting the number and concentration of livestock to the available forage in space and time. SRs are commonly set according to carrying capacity recommendations which usually have a low spatio-temporal resolution. This may lead to punctual under- and overutilization. The Namibian Rangeland Management Strategy advocates adjusting SR in …
Silage Preparation And Fermentation Characteristics Of Pearl Millet Stover Treated With Microbial Additive In West Africa,
2022
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan
Silage Preparation And Fermentation Characteristics Of Pearl Millet Stover Treated With Microbial Additive In West Africa, Y. Cai, Z. Du, S. Yamasaki, D. Jethro, M. Nignan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) stover is one of the main crop by-products in West Africa. To effectively use the crop by-product resources as roughage for ruminant to cover the feed shortage in the dry season, the millet stover silage was prepared using laboratory-scale fermentation system without (control) or with lactic acid bacteria inoculant (LP, Lactobacillus plantarum) and cellulase enzyme (AC, Acremonium) in Burkina Faso, and their fermentation characteristics and chemical composition were analyzed. The dry matter (DM) of fresh millet before ensiling was 44.3%, and their organic matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract, neutral detergent fiber …
