Intensive Grazing Of Alfalfa By Beef Steers,
2024
University of Kentucky
Intensive Grazing Of Alfalfa By Beef Steers, M Rasnake, W R. Burris, G D. Lacefield, J Randolph, N Gay, L Davis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the temperate region of North America, high temperature and moisture deficit cause low forage growth during the summer of most years, making it difficult to grow beef (Bos taurus), calves through summer grazing. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), offers some potential to provide high dry matter production during summer if an effective system of grazing can be developed. The objective of this study was to test a system of intensive grazing of beef steers on alfalfa to maximise live-weight gains/ha and maintain plant population. Alfalfa was no-till seeded into a 6.5 ha field in autumn 1988 after …
Variance Across Years In Growth Of Cattle On Annual Pastures In A Mediterranean Climate,
2024
Albany Department of Agriculture
Variance Across Years In Growth Of Cattle On Annual Pastures In A Mediterranean Climate, K D. Greathead, J Zorrilla Rios
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Annual pastures were continuously grazed by new drafts of yearling cattle each year for 4 years at 2 sites. The variability of weight gained across years at any date was not different between sites. The level of rainfall in April, but strongly influenced weight gained by the cattle in any year. Variances in weight change were small up to April, they increased rapidly from April to late July and were not different after July (P<0.05).
Modification Of The Botanical Composition Of Perennial And Annual Temperate Pastures By Strategic Grazing Practices,
2024
NSW Agriculture
Modification Of The Botanical Composition Of Perennial And Annual Temperate Pastures By Strategic Grazing Practices, D R. Kemp, P M. Dowling
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Where livestock production depends upon pastures, management is more difficult in environments where rainfall varies considerably from season to season and year to year. Flexible grazing practices are needed to optimise species composition and pasture productivity. Results presented in this paper show that pasture composition can be improved within climatic constraints, by grazing practices within seasons, In temperate annual pastures, long rests in winter (similar to a long rotation during that season) increased annual legume content in early spring from 20 to 50%. Annual grass content was unchanged. In perennial (phalaris) pastures, the dominant legume can change over years from …
Development Of Grass-Clover Pasture Systems For Autumn-Calving Beef Cows. I. Forage Production,
2024
Louisiana State University
Development Of Grass-Clover Pasture Systems For Autumn-Calving Beef Cows. I. Forage Production, G D. Mooso, D G. Morrison, J I. Feazel, D R. Morris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Four 8-ha areas of bermudagrass-based (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) grazing systems were sodseeded and received annual N fertiliser as follows: I) clover (Trifolium sp.)+81 kg Nnm, 2) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam)+clover +81 kg N/ha, 3) ryegrass+clover+l39 kg N/ ha, and 4) ryegrass+139 kg N/ha. Monthly forage accumulation was estimated for 3 years by clipping samples from 2 exclosures/pasture. Environmental conditions had a significant effect on total annual forage dry matter (DM) production. Systems 3 and 4 produced more (P<0.05) forage DM than Systems 1 and 2 (11.0 v. 10,3 Mg/ha). System I produced more (P<0.l) forage DM than 2 (10.6 ll, 9.8 Mg/ha). Systems 3 and 4 were similar, producing I 1.0 Mg/ha. Monthly forage accumulation was lowest in winter (December to February) and highest in spring and summer (March to August). The results of this study demonstrate that at a low N level, there was no benefii from including ryegrass in the system and al a moderate N level, there was no benefit from including clover.
Development Of Grass-Clover Grazing Systems For Autumn-Calving Beef Cows. Ii. Cow-Calf Production And Economic Analysis,
2024
Louisiana State University
Development Of Grass-Clover Grazing Systems For Autumn-Calving Beef Cows. Ii. Cow-Calf Production And Economic Analysis, D G. Morrison, J I. Feazel, G D. Mooso
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Four 8-ha areas of bermudagrass-based (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) grazing systems were sod seeded and received annual N fertiliser as follows: I) clover (Trifolium sp.)+81 kg/ha, 2) annual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lsm.)+clover +81 kg/ha, 3) ryegrass+clover+139 kg/ha, and 4) ryegrass+l39 kg/ha. Each system was stocked year-round with 20 (2,5/lla) cows each with crossbred suckling calf. Cow and calf performance data for 3 of 4 years are included. Year affected (P<0.01) cow and calf live weight, Cows in System 2 were 25-50 kg lower in live weight in autumn and winter than cows in other systems. From February to July, cow daily live-weight gains were 0.11 kg higher (P<0.01) for Systems 2 and 3, Cow live weight in July was affected by N level (Systems 1,2<3,4; P<0,01), Year by system interactions (P<0.05) occurred for cow live weight in February, April and July because of live weight increasing over years in Systems 3 and 4 but not in Systems 1 and 2. Calf daily live-weight gain February to weaning (July) was higher (P<0.01) for System 2 v. 1 (0.06 kg), Syuem 3 v. 4 (0.07 kg), and Systems 3, 4 v. 1, 2 (0.07 kg), Estimated net returns favoured Systems 3 and 4 over Systems 1 and 2.
Improved Grazing Systems For Lamb Production On Appalachian Hill Farms,
2024
West Virginia University
Improved Grazing Systems For Lamb Production On Appalachian Hill Farms, R L. Reid, J R. Puoli, G A. Jung, D P. Belesky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improved grazing methods were tested to increase lamb outputs per ha from Appalachian hill farms. Components of a grazing system were cool-season grass [tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Brom us willdenowii Kunth)J or grasslegume [Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)•red clover (Trifolium pralense L.)] pastures in spring and early autumn, warm-season grass [switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)] in summer, and brassicas in late autumn and early winter. Matua was highly productive in cool weather but was subject to fungal infection and grazing ewes had low Mg status in spring. Rotationally grazed switchgrass maintained high numbers …
Use Of Brassica Forage Crops To Extend The Grazing Season In The North-East Usa,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Use Of Brassica Forage Crops To Extend The Grazing Season In The North-East Usa, G A. Jung, H W. Harpster, M G. Lambert, K T. Leath, R A. Byers
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage turnip (Brassica rapa L,) can be made available for animal utilisation in late summer or In late autumn-early winter, when coolseason grass pastures have a low animal carrying capacity. field trials were conducted to identify and quantify factors that influence turnip yield in December or January and to determine whether these factors affect turnip cultivars similarly. Different levels of production in late autumn-winter were attributed to summer drought, foliar diseases, freezing temperatures and rate of leaf senescence. In all instances, the effects of these factors varied with turnip cultivar. However, cultivar ranking generally was the same whether mean …
Interactions Of Rotational And Continuous Grazing With Stocking Rate On Warm And Cool-Season Pastures,
2024
Auburn University
Interactions Of Rotational And Continuous Grazing With Stocking Rate On Warm And Cool-Season Pastures, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With more intense commercialisation of electric fencing many production and economic advantages have been claimed for rotational grazing compared with continuous grazing. However, very little research data are available from the south-eastern USA to verify these claims, Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate animal performance under conditions of continuous and IO-paddock rotational grazing on cool- and warm-season pastures commonly used in this region. Three 2-year grazing experiments were conducted, one each on a mixed rye-annual ryegrass (Secale cereale-Lolium multiflorum) pasture, Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon hybrid) and Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). In each experiment continuous …
Integrating Pasture Technology Research With Farm Management,
2024
QDPI
Integrating Pasture Technology Research With Farm Management, R T. Cowan, T M. Davison, K F. Lowe, G K. Reason, G D. Chopping
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An applied research programme which involved farmers in a continuum of trials measuring pasture, soil and milk responses to the application of nitrogen fertiliser to tropical grasses is described. Pasture responses were consistent across farms, grass species and, within limits, rainfall zones and soil types. Soil pH declined by 0.03 lo 0.2 units each year. Additional milk production ranged from 4 to 14 I/kg nitrogen, the response being greater at lower levels of application. Results from farm and research station experiments were consistent. The high adoption rate, reaching 68% in 6 years, was ' attributed to the integration of farm …
Hay Supplementation And Stocking Rate Effects On Live Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing Rye And Ryegrass,
2024
Auburn University
Hay Supplementation And Stocking Rate Effects On Live Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing Rye And Ryegrass, Susan E. Sladden, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate continuous ad lib. supplementation of hay as a means of compensating for the uneven growth distribution of rye (Secale cereale) and ryegrass pastures (Lolium multiflorum) grazed by steers in the south-eastern USA. Pastures were continuously grazed by 230 to 270 kg steers at stocking rates of 2.5, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.9 head/ha with and without hay supplementation for 2 grazing seasons. On average, average daily live-weight gain (ADO) at the highest stocking rate (4.9 steers/ha) was 0.47 kg higher (P<0.01) when hay supplement was provided. Although not significant, in both years ADO tended to be higher for h_ay supplementation even at low stocking rates .
Improved Pasture Species, Fertilizer And Pasture Use To Increase The Productivity Of Wool Sheep In South-Western Victoria,
2024
Department of Food and Agriculture
Improved Pasture Species, Fertilizer And Pasture Use To Increase The Productivity Of Wool Sheep In South-Western Victoria, G R. Saul, D Jowett, T Morgan, P Noble, D Borg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures were upgraded by sowing perennial grasses and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranum) and applying fertiliser to paddocks on S farms in the wool sheep region of south-western Victoria. Upgraded pastures were stocked at higher rates to ensure utilisation of feed grown. In the third year after sowing, wool production was increased by 56% (35 v. SS kg/ha), and ewe live weights by 4% (49.4 v. 51.4 kg) from upgraded pastures compared with untreated pastures. The results demonstrate the considerable potential to increase output from sheep farms in the region by upgrading pastures. Poor persistence of sown perennial grasses may …
System Research: Preliminary Results From A Farmlet Comparison Between A Biological And Conventional Sheep And Beef System,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
System Research: Preliminary Results From A Farmlet Comparison Between A Biological And Conventional Sheep And Beef System, A D. Mackay, D I. Gray, I M. Brookes, P J. Budding, B Devantier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Initial findings of a farm let study comparing biological (agrochemical free) and conventional sheep and beef production are presented and discussed. Little difference was found in sheep production between the two systems in 1991-92, despite large differences in the level of internal parasitism, particularly in young sheep. In contrast! growth rates of rising 1 year steers and heifers on the conventional unit were superior to those of the biological farmlet throughout spring and summer of the first year. While a reduction in the use of anthelmintic drench would have little impact on the productivity of sheep systems, the productivity of …
A Management System For The Planning, Implementation, And Monitoring And Evaluation Of Farmlet Trials,
2024
Massey University
A Management System For The Planning, Implementation, And Monitoring And Evaluation Of Farmlet Trials, D I. Gray, A D. Mackay, P J. Budding, I M. Brookes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A management system used to operate the farmlet component of a farm· systems research programme investigating biological sheep and beef production is described and the advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed,
Economics Of Milk Production From Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars With Different Seasonal Growth Patterns,
2024
Massey University
Economics Of Milk Production From Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars With Different Seasonal Growth Patterns, I M. Brookes, A F. Mcrae, D I. Gray, N Cameron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cutting trials at 4 sites throughout New Zealand over 2 years with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) cultivars showed that Bmbassy (B) produeed similar annual dry matter (DM) yields to Supernui (S) and Yatsyn (Y). However, B grew 10% more DM in January-August, but 5% less DM in September-December. The economic value of these diffecent patterns of growth for milk production was assessed using a computer model. The model constrained pasture covers within specified limits by removing excess feed for conservation and adding additional feed as supplements during periods of deficit. Stocking rates needed to maintain the system in equilibrium …
Effect Of Sward Surgace Height On Herbage Intake, Grazing Behavior And Productivity Of Ewes Lambing In June (Winter) Or August (Spring),
2024
Massey University
Effect Of Sward Surgace Height On Herbage Intake, Grazing Behavior And Productivity Of Ewes Lambing In June (Winter) Or August (Spring), S T. Morris, W J. Parker, H T. Blair, S N. Mccutcheon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage organic mailer intakes (OMI) were measured, using chromic oxide capsules, during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy in ewes due to lamb in June (winter) or August (spring). OM! (averaged across lambing date groups) were 1.4±0.1, 1.8±0.1, 1.8±0.1 and 2.0±0.1 kg OM/ewe/day (mcan±s.e.m. P<0.05) in ewes maintained at sward surface heights (SSH) of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm respectively. There were no differences in OM! between June- and August-lambing ewes from pregnancy day 122 to day 125 (Pl22-Pl25), but between Pl35 and 139 June-lambing ewes had lower OMI than August-lambing ewes (1.5±0.1 v. 1.7±0.1 kg OM/ewe/day (P<0.05)). Live-weight gain of ewes was lowest on the 20 mm sward and highest on the 80 mm sward (157±34 v. 315±31 g/day, P<0.05). SSH had no effect on lamb birth weight. Preliminary data presented here suggest that, at the same SSH, June-lambing pregnant ewes can achieve OMI similar to those of August-Jambers.
Seasonal Herbage Intake Of Once-Bred Heifers,
2024
Massey University
Seasonal Herbage Intake Of Once-Bred Heifers, A A. Khadem, S T. Morris, W J. Parker, R W. Purchas, S N. Mccutcheon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Once-bred heifer (ODH) beef production systems, which are new to New Zealand, involve mating heifers at 15 months of age to cnlve as 2-year-olds and then slaughtering the heifers (at less than 30 months of age) as prime beef. Never-pregnant, pregnant and lactating Hereford x Friesian heifers were used in 4 experiments. There were no significant differences between pregnant (days 260-270 of pregnancy) and never-pregnant heifers in their herbage organic matter intake (OMI), ingestive behaviour or daily live-weight gain (LWG) when a restricted pasture allowance of 7 kg DM/head/day was offered. Heifers at days 50-60 of lactation and never-pregnant heifers …
A Response Of Angora-Type Goats To Increases Of Legume And Chicory Content In Mixed Pastures,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
A Response Of Angora-Type Goats To Increases Of Legume And Chicory Content In Mixed Pastures, D R. Stevens, M J. Casey, G S. Baxter, K B. Miller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Live-weight gain of angora-type year-old wethcr goats in the spring and summer of 2 years was compared with the total legume and chicory content of 9 different grass, legume, chicory ( Cichorium intybus) mixtures. These pastures were grown in a cool moist temperate climate on fertile silt loam soil. The goats were held on a self• contained rotationally grazed system on each pasture type, leaving a post-grazing residual height of 10 cm. The live-weight gain of the goats responded quadratically to increasing legume and chicory content in both spring and summer. Live-weight gain was optimised when approximately 40% of …
Effects Of Increasing Stocking Rate And Feeding Maize Silage On Live-Weight Gain And Pasture Utilization By Beef Cattle In Southern Australia,
2024
Kyabram Research Centre
Effects Of Increasing Stocking Rate And Feeding Maize Silage On Live-Weight Gain And Pasture Utilization By Beef Cattle In Southern Australia, W J. Wales, J B. Moran
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two systems of grazing management were compared in 3 trials conducted on annual or irrigated perennial pastures over different seasons in northern Victoria, Steers grazed either at low stocking rates or at high stocking rates together with maize silage feeding, The more intensely grazed steers grew faster on autumn perennial pastures but at similar rates to steers at low stocking rates on winterspring annual and on spring perennial pastures, Higher stocking rates increased live-weight gain per ha by 90% on winter-spring annual pastures, 101% on autumn perennial pastures and 53% on spring perennial pastures. This was associated with improvements in …
Signigicance Of Grasslands In Emission And Absorption Of Greenhouse Gases,
2024
National Institute Agro-Environmental Sciences
Signigicance Of Grasslands In Emission And Absorption Of Greenhouse Gases, K Minami, J Goudriaan, E A. Lantinga, T Kimura
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasslands account for about 20% of lhe terrestrial CO2 fluxes of the global carbon cycle. They have a similar share in global soil organic carbon, Grasslands are likely to contribute to a global biotic carbon sequestration, reducing the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2. Methane (CH4) uptake rates and nitrous oxide (N20) emissions are given for established grassland and neighbouring forest-floor soils in Japan. Under aerobic conditions grassland and forest soils act as a sink for atmospheric CH4.The global terrestrial uptake rate for CH4 is estimated to range between 7 and 78 Tg CH4 per year. The sink strength of …
Implications For Grasslands Of The Response To Climate Change By The World Food System,
2024
University of Oxford
Implications For Grasslands Of The Response To Climate Change By The World Food System, Martin Parry, Cynthia Rosenzweig
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A recent and preliminary assessment of the sensitivity of the world food trade to climate change has indicated the following: Assuming {unrealistically} no adjustments in inputs, global food grains production in 2060 is estimated to be reduced by l-7% from the level that would be expected under a future without climate change. Food prices, including feedstock prices, are estimated lo be increased as a consequence, The implications of lhese changes for grassland production systems are considered. Two broad types of adjustmenls in inputs can be envisaged: firstly, on-farm responses of crop type and management and, secondly, national and international policy …
