Plant Biology Commons^™

Pasture Legumes In Cuba: Past, Present, And Future, F Funes, Marta Monzote

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Before 1960 the utilisation of pasture legumes was scarce. During the decade 1960-1970 more than 10 thousand hectares of Medicago sativa. Neonolonia wightii, Cajanus cajan and Pueraria phaseoloides were sown, but interest decreased later. In the mid 1970s, research was reorganised and since 1980 results were attained showing outstanding performance of the species: N. wightii (10 t DM/ho/ year), ·Teramnus labialis (11.5 t), Lencaena leucocephala (12 I), Medicago sativa (12,5 t), Pueraria phaseoloides (14 t), Stylosanthes guianensis (IS I) and others. Results on ecological adaption, sowing, establishment, rhizobiology, seed production, pest and diseases and other agronomic aspects are …

Establishment And Animal Production Based On Tropical Grass-Legume Pastures, Marta Monzote, F Funes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Different experiments were carried out to study the establishment of grass-legume swards and animal performam;e from the pastures. Grasses were: Digitarla decumbens, Dichantum sp,, Botriocliloa sp,, Panicum maximum, Cllloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus setigerus and Cenchrus ciliaris; legumes were: Neonotonia wightti, Macroptllium atropurpuretm, Desmodium intortum, Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema pubescens. Good establishment were obtained with minimum tillage of harrowing on the grass cover after heavy grazing or harvesting close to the ground, Broadcast sowing at 2-3 kg/ha was carried out. Growth was slow at I plant/m1 but rapid at S-10 plant/m1, In prepared …

Analysis Of Growth Characteristics And Evaluation As Fodder Resources Of Tropical Leguminous Browses In Subtropical Area In Japan, Y Kawamoto, M Honma

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To evaluate the potential of several tropical leguminous browse species as fodder plants in the subtropical area of Japan, the dry matter yield and quality and resistance to clipping and drought in the first year were examined and compared in browse species. Species such as Deamodiwn tortuoaum, Desmodium discolor, Aeschynomene villosa and herbaceous Stylosanthes guianensis, had relatively high water stress tolerance, All the species were resistant to clipping. The species such as Desmodium tortuosum. Desmodium discolor among Desmodium genus have high potential for dry matter production and nutritive value in this region.

The Aeschynomene Genus As A Source Of Pasture Legumes For Tropical And Subtropical Australia, H G. Bishop, T B. Hilder

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three Aeschynomene cultivars are currently used as pasture legumes for tropical and subtropical Australia; A. falcata·cv, Bargoo released in 1973, A. americana cv, Glenn released in 1983 and A. americana cv. Lee released in 1991. Five other Aeschynomene accessions from 2 species are on "pre-release" registration with the Queensland Herbage Plant Liaison Committee pending additional data on adaptation and animal production: A. brasiliana CPI 92519 and CPI 93592 and A. villosa CPI 37235, 91209 and 93621. A collection of over 300 Aesc/1y1wme11e accessions was grown at Mackay, Queensland, in 1982-83 to describe the diversity within this genus. This diversity supports …

Characterization And Prelimiary Evaluation Of A Large Germplasm Collection Of The Tropical Forage Legume Stylosanthes Scabra Vog., Brigitte L. Maass, R Schultze-Kraft

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Within the genus, Stylosamhes scabra Vog. has the second largest number of collected accessions worldwide. This tropical forage legume has potential to improve extensive, tropical pastures in subhumid to semi-arid regions with acid and infertile soils, Characterisation and preliminary evaluation of 557 accessions were carried out at Quilichao, Colombia. The main objectives were to characterise. variability within the species and to guide further agronomic evaluation. Wide ranges of morphological, phenological, and agronomic variation exist within the germplasm collection, Accessions originated from north-east and south-east Brazil gave the highest forage yields in 2 cuts. Several accessions were more productive than the …

A Flower Color Marker In The Tropical Forage Legume Centrosema Brasilianum (L.) Benth., Brigitte L. Maass, A M. Torres

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cemrosema brasillianum is a legume with high potential for pasture improvement in the semi-arid tropics with acid and infertile soils. Although genetic improvement for disease and pest resistance is taken into consideration, little is known about the species' breeding ·system. Moreover, no plant character inherited in simple Mendelian fashion has been reported for any Centrosema species. In experiments at Palmira, Colombia, 2 white-flowered accessions were hybridised with 6 violet­flowered accessions, each of a different hue. Segregation for flower colourin F2 populations fitted a single gene model,colour being dominant over white, Hence, flower colour is a useful genetic marker, Because segregation …

Evaluation And Development Of Desmanthus Virgatus On Medium- To Heavy Textured Soils In Queensland, Australia, B G. Cook, T.W.G Graham, R L. Clem, T J. Hall, M F. Quirk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Desmanthmus virgatus is a summer-growing, perennial legume comprising a wide diversity of growth forms. It is native to North and South America where it is often found on neutral to alkaline soils and in areas of low rainfall. Its potential for persistence and spread under grazing on clay soils in semi-arid environments in Queensland has been demonstrated in various experiments since 1978. Three varieties have been selected for commercial release through a state-wide co­ordinated programme of evaluation which began in 1987. These were selected on the basis of yield and persistence, and to exploit the range of growth habits and …

Arachus Spp.: Introduction And Evaluation Of New Accessions In Seasonally Flooded Land In The Brazilian Cerrado, E A. Pizarro, J.F. M. Valls, M A. Carvalho, M.J D'Avila Charchar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results are summarised from the agronomic evaluation of 33 new accessions of Arachis spp., especially of the Ca1dorhizae and Rhizomatosae sections, on seasonally flooded land with 2 levels of fertiliser (low::pasture establishment and high=crop production). Level of fertiliser had no significant effect on the dry mailer yield (DMY) of any plant component. The edible green DMY of the best 9 accessions ranged from 2-6 tlha, with an average IVDMO of 63% for the stems and 61% for the leaves, respectively. The total DMY in the wet season ranged from 2.5 to 10 tlha, The ratio of above-ground to underground DMY …

Agronomic Evaluation Of Centrosema Germplasm On An Acid Utisol In The Humid Tropics Of Peru. Iii. Selected Centrosema Rubescens Benth. Accessions, Gerhard Keller-Grein, F Passoni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agronomic performance of new accessions of Centroseum pubescens on an acid ultlsol (pH 4.5, 80% Al saturation) was assessed over a 26- month period in a small-plot cutting trial near Pucallpa, Peru. 23 accessions, selected from a collection of 575 introductions, were tested along with 2 lines of C. pubescens and 3 of C. acutifolium as controls. Several new accessions of C. pubescens had significantly higher dry matter yields and better stolon root development and produced more seeds than the C. pubescens control lines, which were considerably affected by cercospora leaf spot and rhizoctonia foliar blighi. The new accessions …

Agronomic Evaluation Of Centrosema Germplasm On Acid Utisol In The Humid Tropics Of Peru. Ii. Centrosema Tetragonolobum Schultze-Kraft & Williams, Gerhard Keller-Grein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The agronomic potential of 11 accessions of Centrosema tetragonolobum was assessed In a small-plot clipping trial conducted near Pucallpa, Peru. These accessions were compared with 8 selected accessions of C. acutifolium, C, brasilianum and C. macrocarpum, and 3 accessions of the agronomically little-known C. brachypodum and C. capitatum. All C. tetragonolobum accessions were well adapted to an acid ultisol (pH 4.S, 80% Al saturation). Several of them produced dry matter and seed yields similar to those of promising lines of C. acutifolium and C. macrocarpum, The capacity to root at trailing stems was poor for C. tetragonolobum …

Agronomic Evaluation Of Centrosema Germplasm On An Acid Utisol In The Humid Tropics Of Peru. I. Centrosema Macrocarpum Benth., Gerhard Keller-Grein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As part of the search for new forage germplasm options for cleared­forest ecosystems in the humid tropics of South America, a small­plot clipping trial was conducted with 128 accessions of Centrosema macrocarpum near Pucallpa, Peru. Most of the accessions showed good adaptation to an acid ultisol with a high Al level (pH 4.4, 81% Al saturation), Considerable variation was detected among accessions for the agronomic attributes studied. On the basis of seasonal dry matter production and seed yield, the germplasm tested was classified into 8 cluster groups. All accessions proved to have a high level of pest and disease tolerance …

Commercialization Of Arachis Pintoi Cv. Amarillo In Northern Australia, B G. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Arachis pintoi is an herbaceous, stoloniferous perennial legume, native to river valleys of central Brazil. In 1987, the accession CPI 58113 was released in Australia as cv. Amarillo. It grows on a range of soils, produces good yields of high quality forage in Che humid tropics and subtropics, persists under heavy grazing even with competitive grasses, and is an effective shade-tolerant ground cover under ·orchard and plantation crops. New seed production and harvesting techniques were developed because conventional methods used for A. hypogaea are unsuitable, Commercial acceptance of Amarillo by extension workers and. farmers has been successfully promoted since release.

Perennial Arachis Germplasm For The Subtropics And Tropics, K H. Quesenberry, A E. Ruttinger-Lamperti, C A. Kelly

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Evaluation of a limited number of perennial Aracliis plant introductions in the 1960s led to the release of the cultivars Florigraze and Arbrook of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth). Beginning in 1987, 110 more recently collected introductions of primarily rhizomatous perennial Arachis species were evaluated for response to 3 foliar leaf diseases, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenarla) and agronomic traits related to establishment and production. Significant variability for plant spread, plant vigour, flowering, rhizome morphology and mass, leaf morphology, foliar disease response, and root-knot nematode resistance was identified. Some accessions showed small lesions in response to Cercospora arachidicola, …

Influence Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Rates On The Growth Of Water Hyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes Mart.), Mary Joy M. Abit, Rene Franchesca A. Pilar, Analiza Henedina M. Ramirez

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Research has been conducted globally to investigate the growth and colonization patterns of Pontederia crassipes Mart. This research aimed to examine the impact of varying rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the growth of P. crassipes and determine the nutrient levels that would result in the greatest growth response. P. crassipes plants were placed in plastic containers filled with 5 L of distilled water. Nitrogen and phosphorus were applied separately at varying concentrations. Specifically, N was added at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg L^-1 and P at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2024, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, T. C. Swanson, J. C. Mccoy

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/ or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2023, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2023 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only data from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations.

Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of the research …

Simplification Of Woody Plant Trait Networks Among Communities Along A Climatic Aridity Gradient, Camila D. Medeiros, Santiago Trueba, Christian Henry, Leila R. Fletcher, James A. Lutz, Rodrigo Méndez‐Alonzo, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Lawren Sack

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

1. Plant ecological strategies are shaped by numerous functional traits and their trade-offs. Trait network analysis enables testing hypotheses for the shifting of trait correlation architecture across communities differing in climate and productivity.

2. We built plant trait networks (PTNs) for 118 species within six communities across an aridity gradient, from forest to semi-desert across the California Floristic Province, based on 34 leaf and wood functional traits, representing hydraulic and photosynthetic function, structure, economics and size. We developed hypotheses for the association of PTN parameters with climate and ecosystem properties, based on theory for the adaptation of species to low …

Recurrent Selection For Partial Resistance To Anthracnose Disease In Shrubby Stylo (Stylosanthes Scabra), D F. Cameron, R A. Boland, S Chakraborty, B Jamieson, J.A G. Irwin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three cycles of crossing have been completed in a recurrent selection programme for partial resistance to anthracnose disease of shrubby stylo (Stylosanthes scabra) In a field study of a subset of 40 F2 populations from the first cycle, highly significant differences (P<0.001) in anthracnose resistance were found for both male and female effects and for the female x male interaction, In a subsequent F3 progeny test of 99 families selected for disease resistance and yield, 92 of the families were resistant to highly resistant with leaf damage <1% (cf, >50% damage for the susceptible cultivar, Fitzroy). Strong discrimination for resistance was also obtained in a second subset of 23 F2 populations using combined glasshouse and field selection for resistance. Further improvement in anthracnose resistance was achieved in the second and third cycles of recurrent selection. The broadly based resistance of selections from the third cycle …

Calliandra Calothyrsus - A Potential New Shrub Legume For Tropical Animal Production?, B Palmer, R A. Bray, T M. Ibrahim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Calliandra calothyrsus outyielded leucaena in cutting experiments at 2 sites in northern Australia and I in Indonesia. Drying significantly depressed the voluntary intake and digestibility of leaf, possibly due to the presence of tannin. Calliandra has the potential as a supplement for the low quality grass common to the tropics both ln grazing and cut-and-carry systems.

Glycine Latifolia- A Potentially Useful Native Legume For Clay Soils In Tropical And Subtropical Australia, M C. Rees, R M. Jones, A.H D. Brown, J N. Coote

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In tropical and subtropical Australia, more than 5 million ha of heavy-textured soils receive adequate rainfall for cropping or pasture improvement. Glycine latifolla, a perennial legume native to these areas, shows promise for permanent pastures or long term leys. It occurs from latitudes 22"8 to 31 •s on heavy textured soils in the 500-1200 mm rainfall zone. It is a prostrate plant that roots from stolons and sets seed under grazing, It is drought tolerant, frost resistant, and produces dry matter yields comparable to those from the introduced legumes Desmanthus virgatus and Indigofera schimperi, There is a need to …