Botany Commons^™

Seed Rain–Successional Feedbacks In Wet Tropical Forests, Nohemi Huanca Nuñez, Robin L. Chazdon, Sabrina E. Russo

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Abstract

Tropical forest regeneration after abandonment of former agricultural land depends critically on the input of tree seeds, yet seed dispersal is increasingly disrupted in contemporary human-modified landscapes. Here, we introduce the concept of seed rain–successional feedbacks as a deterministic process in which seed rain is shaped by successional dynamics internal to a forest site and that acts to reinforce priority effects. We used a combination of time series and chronosequence approaches to investigate how the quantity and taxonomic and functional composition of seed rain change during succession and to evaluate the strength of seed rain–successional feedbacks, relative to other …

Comparing A Mixed Model Approach To Traditional Stability Estimators For Mapping Genotype By Environment Interactions And Yield Stability In Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.], Mary M. Happ, George L. Graef, Haichuan Wang, Reka Howard, Luis Posadas, David L. Hyten

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Identifying genetic loci associated with yield stability has helped plant breeders and geneticists begin to understand the role and influence of genotype by environment (GxE) interactions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity, as well as other crops. Quantifying a genotype’s range of performance across testing locations has been developed over decades with dozens of methodologies available. This includes directly modeling GxE interactions as part of an overall model for yield, as well as methods which generate overall yield “stability” values from multi-environment trial data. Correspondence between these methods as it pertains to the outcomes of genome wide association studies …

The Role Of Α-Tocopherol In Mitigating The Effect Of Elevated Co2 Concentrations Emitted From The Al-Hunay Power Plant Main Station On Glycine Max L. Plants, Mohammed Abdulrahman Almuwayhi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Soybean (Glycine max L.), belonging to Leguminosae, is an essential food in Asian countries. It has become a necessity to study the long-term effects of elevated concentrations of CO₂ on plant growth and development. Climate change may be affected by the increment of CO₂ and higher temperatures on crops. Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ can negatively affect the yield as well as the quality of the field crops. Alpha-tocopherol is the major vitamin E compound found in leaf chloroplasts. This antioxidant deactivates photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species and prevents the propagation of lipid peroxidation by scavenging lipid …

Evolution And Development Of Staminodes In Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae), Andrea D. Appleton

Honors College Theses

Staminodes are infertile stamens that have evolved numerous times in flowering plants and exhibit a vast array of forms and functions. Variation in staminodes suggests that numerous evolutionary processes underlie their origins, but to understand their how and why they evolved, comparative studies are needed in groups of closely related species. Identifying structures as staminodes is not always straightforward and sometimes requires corroborating phylogenetic and developmental evidence. Staminodial structures in Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae), for example, vary in shape and size and have been referred to as both petals and staminodes, rendering their homology uncertain. The development of staminodes was compared across …

Soil Erosion Modelling: A Bibliometric Analysis, Nejc Bezak, Matjǎz Mikǒs, Pasquale Borrelli, Christine Alewell, Dinesh Panday, Panos Panagos, 59 Co-Authors

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soil erosion can present a major threat to agriculture due to loss of soil, nutrients, and organic carbon. Therefore, soil erosion modelling is one of the steps used to plan suitable soil protection measures and detect erosion hotspots. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns and soil erosion modelling characteristics that can help identify steps needed to enhance the research conducted in this field. Therefore, a detailed bibliometric analysis, including investigation of collaboration networks and citation patterns, should be conducted. The updated version of the Global Applications of Soil Erosion Modelling Tracker (GASEMT) database contains information about …

Mental Model-Based Repeated Multifaceted (Mrm) Intervention Design: A Conceptual Framework For Improving Preventive Health Behaviors And Outcomes, Mazbahul G. Ahamad, Fahian Tanin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Objective: Field interventions employed to improve preventive health behaviors and outcomes generally use well established approaches; however, recent studies have reported that health education and promotional interventions have little to no impact on health behaviors, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to develop a conceptual framework to improve intervention designs that would internalize these concerns and limitations.

Results: We identified three major experimental design- and implementation-related concerns associated with mental models, including the balance between the treatment and control groups, the treatment group’s willingness to adopt suggested behaviors, and the type, length, frequency, intensity, and sequence of treatments. …

Grass Bud Responses To Fire In A Semiarid Savanna System, Quinn A. Hiers, Morgan L. Treadwell, Matthew B. Dickinson, Kathleen L. Kavanagh, Alexandra G. Lodge, Heath D. Starns, Doug R. Tolleson, Dirac Twidwell, Carissa L. Wonkka, William E. Rogers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increasingly, land managers have attempted to use extreme prescribed fire as a method to address woody plant encroachment in savanna ecosystems. The effect that these fires have on herbaceous vegetation is poorly understood. We experimentally examined immediate (<24 hr) bud response of two dominant graminoids, a C₃ caespitose grass, Nassella leucotricha, and a C₄ stoloniferous grass, Hilaria belangeri, following fires of varying energy (J/m² ) in a semiarid savanna in the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas. Treatments included high- and low-energy fires determined by contrasting fuel loading and a no burn (control) treatment. Belowground axillary buds were counted and their activities classified to determine immediate effects …

Project Home Hydroponic Operations For Mars Exploration, Deanna Demattio, Nick Mcguire, Ruben A. Rosa Polonia, Benjamin T. Hufendick

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

This report considers the challenges NASA, SpaceX, and other private companies will face in the approaching two decades when sending astronauts on missions to Mars. The longest exploration is planned to take place in the 2030's, sending a crew of, at minimum, four astronauts to Mars for a year of research. The research conducted is assisting space exploration companies’ with ways to grow a complete diet on a planet that does not receive enough sunlight. Agriculture in enclosed and buried structures on Mars will enable astronauts to conduct extended surface exploration missions. We evaluated a deep-water culture indoor hydroponics system …

Effects Of Intraguild Interactions On Anticarsia Gemmatalis And Chrysodeixis Includens Larval Fitness And Behavior In Soybean, Sabrina Ongaratto, Edson Ll Baldin, Thomas E. Hunt, Debora G. Montezano, Emily A. Robinson, Maria C. Dos Santos

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Crop pest management requires an understanding of the complex interactions among species that potentially impact crop yield. In soybean, the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), and the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), are described as key pests, sharing the same feeding guild. We assessed the intraguild interactions of these species under laboratory conditions. Fitness cost study was conducted to examine the influence of competition on insect development. A video tracking system was used to evaluate behavioral parameters during larval interactions in scenarios with and without food availability. RESULTS: In the fitness cost assay, pupal weight was not significantly affected, …

Microbial Community Field Surveys Reveal Abundant Pseudomonas Population In Sorghum Rhizosphere Composed Of Many Closely Related Phylotypes, Dawn Chiniquy, Elle M. Barnes, Jinglie Zhou, Kyle Hartman, Xiaohui Li, Amy Sheflin, Ellen Marsh, Jessica Prenni, Adam M. Deutschbauer, Daniel P. Schachtman, Susannah G. Tringe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

While the root-associated microbiome is typically less diverse than the surrounding soil due to both plant selection and microbial competition for plant derived resources, it typically retains considerable complexity, harboring many hundreds of distinct bacterial species. Here, we report a time-dependent deviation from this trend in the rhizospheres of field grown sorghum. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the development of the root-associated microbiomes of 10 sorghum genotypes grown in eastern Nebraska. We observed that early rhizosphere samples exhibit a significant reduction in overall diversity due to a high …

Utility Of Climatic Information Via Combining Ability Models To Improve Genomic Prediction For Yield Within The Genomes To Fields Maize Project, Diego Jarquin, Natalia De Leon, Cinta Romay, Martin Bohn, Edward S. Buckler, Ignacio Ciampitti, Jode Edwards, David Ertl, Sherry Flint-Garcia, Michael A. Gore, Christopher Graham, Candice N. Hirsch, James B. Holland, David Hooker, Shawn M. Kaeppler, Joseph Knoll, Elizabeth C. Lee, Carolyn J. Lawrence-Dill, Jonathan P. Lynch, Stephen P. Moose, Seth C. Murray, Rebecca Nelson, Torbert Rocheford, James C. Schnable, Patrick S. Schnable, Margaret Smith, Nathan Springer, Peter Thomison, Mitch Tuinstra, Randall J. Wisser, Wenwei Xu, Jianming Yu, Aaron Lorenz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Genomic prediction provides an efficient alternative to conventional phenotypic selection for developing improved cultivars with desirable characteristics. New and improved methods to genomic prediction are continually being developed that attempt to deal with the integration of data types beyond genomic information. Modern automated weather systems offer the opportunity to capture continuous data on a range of environmental parameters at specific field locations. In principle, this information could characterize training and target environments and enhance predictive ability by incorporating weather characteristics as part of the genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction component in prediction models. We assessed the usefulness of including weather data variables …

Effects Of Foliar Fungicide On Yield, Micronutrients, And Cadmium In Grains From Historical And Modern Hard Winter Wheat Genotypes, Hollman Motta-Romero, Ferdinand Niyongira, Jeffrey D. Boehm Jr, Devin J. Rose

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant breeding and disease management practices have increased the grain yield of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains of the United States during the last century. However, the effect of genetic gains for seed yield and the application of fungicide on the micronutrient and cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grains is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of fungicide application on the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat cultivars representing 80 years of plant breeding efforts. Field experiments were conducted over two crop years (2017 and 2018) with eighteen …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2020, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Novel And Transgressive Salinity Tolerance In Recombinant Inbred Lines Of Rice Created By Physiological Coupling-Uncoupling And Network Rewiring Effects, Isaiah C.M. Pabuayon, Ai Kitazumi, Kevin R. Cushman, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Glenn B. Gregorio, Balpreet Dhatt, Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam, Harkamal Walia, Benildo G. De Los Reyes

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The phenomenon of transgressive segregation, where a small minority of recombinants are outliers relative to the range of parental phenotypes, is commonly observed in plant breeding populations. While this phenomenon has been attributed to complementation and epistatic effects, the physiological and developmental synergism involved have not been fully illuminated by the QTL mapping approach alone, especially for stress adaptive traits involving highly complex interactions. By systems-level profiling of the IR29 × Pokkali recombinant inbred population of rice, we addressed the hypothesis that novel salinity tolerance phenotypes are created by reconfigured physiological networks due to positive or negative coupling-uncoupling of developmental …

Evaluation Of Soil Moisture Sensing Technologies In Silt Loam And Loamy Sand Soils: Assessment Of Performance, Temperature Sensitivity, And Site- And Sensor-Specific Calibration Functions, K. Sharma, Sibel Irmak, M. S. Kukal, M. C. Vuran, Amit J. Jhala, Xia Qiao

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Reliable soil moisture information is vital for optimal irrigation management, farm-level agronomic decision-making, hydrologic studies, and cropping systems modeling. A wide range of soil moisture sensing technologies is commercially available, but their performance must be evaluated for diverse conditions of use. In this research, we investigated nine soil moisture sensors based on time-domain reflectometry, capacitance, and electrical resistance principles in production field conditions with two installation orientations, i.e., vertical (V) and horizontal (H), in two soils (silt loam and loamy sand) and two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). Performance parameters deduced from the 2017 datasets revealed that sensor type and …

Index Of Botanical Specimens (Herbarium) By Alice Ford, 1912, Kathy Allen

Botanical Specimen Books

This index lists the specimens collected by Alice Ford for the 1912 herbarium (botanical specimen) book. Alice Ford in 1912 collected and curated these specimens for a Botany course taught by John M. Holzinger at Winona Normal School in Winona, Minnesota.

Index Of Botanical Specimens (Herbarium) By Helen J. Monahan, 1899, Kathy Allen

Botanical Specimen Books

This index lists the specimens collected by Helen Monahan in the 1899 herbarium (botanical specimen) book. Helen J. Monahan in 1899 collected and curated these specimens for a Botany course taught by John M. Holzinger at Winona Normal School in Winona, Minnesota.

Corn Residue Baling And Grazing Impacts On Corn Yield Under Irrigated Conservation Tillage Systems, Sabrina J. Ruis, Charles Burr, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Brian Olson, Mark Reiman, Daran Rudnick, Johnna Baller, Kathryn J. Hanford

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Crop residue grazing or baling is common in the western Corn Belt. However, its impacts on subsequent crop yields under different irrigation levels and tillage systems are unclear. We investigated the impacts of corn (Zea mays L.) residue baling and cattle grazing on soil compaction, water content, and corn yield under full and limited irrigated no-till in Nebraska during three years. In Years 2 and 3, an additional tillage treatment (strip till) was implemented to evaluate its effects on grain yield under the above treatments. Residue removal effects on compaction and water content did not vary with irrigation level. …

Seedextractor: An Open-Source Gui For Seed Image Analysis, Feiyu Zhu, Puneet Paul, Waseem Hussain, Kyle Wallman, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Jaspreet Sandhu, Larissa Irvin, Gota Morota, Hongfeng Yu, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Accurate measurement of seed size parameters is essential for both breeding efforts aimed at enhancing yields and basic research focused on discovering genetic components that regulate seed size. To address this need, we have developed an open source graphical user interface (GUI) software, SeedExtractor that determines seed size and shape (including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, and centroid), and seed color with capability to process a large number of images in a time-efficient manner. In this context, our application takes 2 s for analyzing an image, i.e., significantly less compared to the other tools. As this software is open-source, it …

Ascorbic Acid (Asa) Improves Salinity Tolerance In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) By Modulating Growth And Physiological Attributes, Hasnain Ishaq, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Azeem, Mehwish Mehwish, Muhammad Bedar Bekhat Naseem

Journal of Bioresource Management

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple foods. High concentration of sodium chloride severely affects plants in general and wheat in specific. In this study the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) against sodium chloride stress were investigated in two commercial wheat cultivars (Galaxy 2013 and Akbar 2019). Experiments were conducted in three replicates. Two levels of salt (0, 150 mM) along with exogenous application of ascorbic acid (0, 30 mM, 60 mM) were applied at three leaves seedling stage. At the establishment of treatments, data regarding physiological, biochemical and yield attributes were …