Botany Commons^™

Status Of Tridens X Oklahomensis (Poaceae) And Updated Treatment Of The Genus Tridens In Arkansas, C. T. Witsell, Brent Baker

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We report the documentation of Tridens × oklahomensis, the naturally-occurring interspecific hybrid between Tridens flavus and Tridens strictus, from Arkansas. Collections of this uncommon hybrid were made from open, often disturbed habitat in 12 counties and observations without collections were made in 3 additional counties. All records occurred in areas with populations of both parent species. A summary of occupied site characteristics and a map of the known range within Arkansas are presented along with photographs illustrating T. × oklahomensis in comparison with both parent species. Keys, notes on habitat, and updated range maps are also presented for all known …

Seed Coat Ultrastructure Of Hard-Seeded And Soft-Seeded Varieties Of Vicia Sativa, Hati̇ce Nurhan Büyükkartal, Hati̇ce Çölgeçen, Nur Münevver Pinar, Nesli̇han Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The mature seed coat structure in hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa L. was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to investigate differentiation in cytological and morphological features between these varieties. The outer layer of the seed coats was composed of macrosclereid (Malpighian) cells in the hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa. The walls of the macrosclereid cells were thickened, and the cell vacuoles were filled with tannin. The cytoplasm of the macrosclereids contained small- and large-sized vacuoles and ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Under this layer there was a hypodermal layer composed of osteosclereids separated by …

Exploring The Potential Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract (Mle) As A Seed Priming Agent In Improving Wheat Performance, Azra Yasmeen, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra, Abdul Wahid, Wasif Nouman, Hafeez Ur Rehman

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seed priming with plant extracts and chemicals has been used as an important growth enhancement tool in crop plants; however, the mechanisms of their action are not fully explored. In this research, an attempt was made to understand the mechanism of various seed priming treatments in greenhouse-grown wheat. The seed priming treatments used were hydropriming, on-farm priming, moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf extract (MLE) priming, and CaCl_2 priming. Results showed that all the seed priming treatments were effective in improving germination and seedling growth attributes of wheat over the control. However, MLE followed by CaCl_2 emerged as the most effective …

Rapd And Issr Analysis Of Some Economically Important Species, Varieties, And Cultivars Of The Genus Allium (Alliaceae), Ashutosh Mukherjee, Biswanath Sikdar, Biplab Ghosh, Anuradha Banerjee, Enakshi Ghosh, Moimee Bhattacharya, Satyesh Chandra Roy

Turkish Journal of Botany

RAPD and ISSR markers have been used to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of some economically important species of Allium. Two plants related to Allium were also included for better understanding of the phylogeny. ISSR showed more polymorphism within A. cepa and A. sativum, while RAPD showed more polymorphism within A. porrum. Overall, RAPD revealed more intraspecific diversity than ISSR, while ISSR showed more interspecific diversity than RAPD. This showed the usefulness of using both markers for the study of Allium. UPGMA-based dendrograms showed a close relationship between Allium sativum and Allium porrum. A. porrum showed less genetic …

Morphological And Genetic Variation Within And Among Four Quercus Petraea And Q. Robur Natural Populations, Cengi̇z Yücedağ, Oliver Gailing

Turkish Journal of Botany

Numeric-taxonomical and molecular techniques [nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs), expressed sequence tag (EST) SSRs, and chloroplast SSRs] were used to estimate morphological and genetic differentiation within and among 4 Quercus petraea and Q. robur natural populations in Turkey. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 3 out of 15 studied leaf morphological characters (clustered hairs, number of intercalary veins, petiole length) mainly accounted for the discrimination between species. In accordance with earlier observations, the mean genetic differentiation between Q. petraea and Q. robur at 8 microsatellite loci (F_{ST} = 0.030) and at chloroplast microsatellites (G_{ST} = …

The Identity Of Magnolia Odoratissima (Magnoliaceae) From China, Shugang Chen, Qingwen Zeng

Turkish Journal of Botany

The type specimen of Magnolia odoratissima Y.W.Law & R.Z.Zhou (Magnoliaceae) conflicts with the protologue and belongs to the genus Parakmeria Hu & W.C.Cheng. A new name, Magnolia kwangnanensis S.G.Chen & Q.W.Zeng sp. nov., and a new type are designated to accommodate the original description. Here we provide new data and a detailed morphological description for this species. Notes are also presented on its habitat, pollen morphology, and conservation status.

Sexual Phenotype Of Capparis Herbacea (Capparaceae), Nana Shakarishvili, Liana Osishvili

Turkish Journal of Botany

Floral morphology coupled with the morphometry of androecium revealed that Capparis herbacea Willd. has an andromonoecious sexual system, producing both male and perfect flowers on the same plant. Functionally male flowers develop more stamens with larger anthers than bisexual ones (63.6 ± 0.6 and 4.1 ± 0.01 mm; 58.1 ± 0.7 and 3.6 ± 0.02 mm, respectively). The ratio of male to perfect flowers ranges from 0.5 to 2.6 during the flowering season. The development of dense trichomes on the adaxial surface of the cavity made by variegated connate petals is presumably adaptive and serves to protect nectary exudate from …

The Lichen Flora Of Gunib Plateau, Inner-Mountain Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia), Gennadii Urbanavichus, Aziz Ismailov

Turkish Journal of Botany

As a result of lichenological exploration of the Gunib plateau in the Republic of Dagestan (North-East Caucasus, Russia), we report 402 species of lichenised, 37 lichenicolous, and 7 nonlichenised fungi representing 151 genera. Nineteen species are recorded for the first time for Russia: Abrothallus chrysanthus J.Steiner, Abrothallus microspermus Tul., Caloplaca albopruinosa (Arnold) H.Olivier, Candelariella plumbea Poelt & Vezda, Candelariella rhodax Poelt & Vezda, Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl., Halospora deminuta (Arnold) Tomas. & Cif., Halospora discrepans (J.Lahm ex Arnold) Hafellner, Lichenostigma epipolina Nav.-Ros., Calat. & Hafellner, Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw., Mycomicrothelia atlantica D.Hawksw. & Coppins, Parabagliettoa cyanea (A.Massal.) Gueidan & Cl.Roux, …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) Of Anatolia Inferred From Multiple Nuclear And Chloroplast Dna Regions, Ni̇vart Taşci Margoz, İbrahi̇m Sirri Yüzbaşioğlu, Zeynep Çelen, Tuna Eki̇m, Ayşe Neşe Bi̇lgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anatolia hosts 14 of the 22 taxa of genus Galanthus L. The phylogenetic relationships of Galanthus species were explored using DNA sequence data from both nuclear and chloroplast DNA of 70 specimens covering all subdivisions of Galanthus present in Turkey. Our data showed that species of the same geography clustered together phylogenetically, in contrast to the presently recognized taxonomy based on morphological characters. The 5.8S rRNA sequence data by itself is sufficiently informative for constructing phylogenetic trees. Our data confirm the identity of Galanthus koenenianus as a new taxon, well separated from G. alpinus; both are clustered within subseries Viridifolii, …

Agrophysiological And Biochemical Properties Associated With Adaptation Of Medicago Sativa Populations To Water Deficit, Mohamed Farissi, Abdelaziz Bouizgaren, Mustapha Faghire, Adnane Bargaz, Cherki Ghoulam

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effect of water deficit on growth and some physiological and biochemical parameters related to water deficit tolerance was studied in 4 Moroccan alfalfa Medicago sativa L. populations that originated from the mountains and oases of Morocco. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Seeds were allowed to germinate in pots filled with sand and peat at a 2:1 ratio, respectively. After 1 month of sowing, the plants were subjected to 3 water regimes: optimal irrigation (75% of field capacity, FC), moderate water deficit (50% FC), and severe water deficit (25% FC). At 45 days of stress, the plants were …

Three New Species Of Basidiomycetous Fungi From India, Babita Kumari, Narinder Singh Atri, Ramesh Chandra Upadhyay

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this paper, 2 lepiotaceous mushrooms [Lepiota indica sp. nov. and Lepiota attenuispora sp. nov. (Agaricaeae)] and 1 Limacella magna sp. nov. in the Amanitaceae are described. Lepiota indica has scurfy brownish carpophores, minute spores, and chains of golden brown-walled pileal elements. Lepiota attenuispora has a shaggy appearance, an appendiculate veil of the pileus margin, and a stipe sheathed with soft cottony scales. Limacella magna is a species characterized by prominent brown scales on the pileus and stipe, presence of a glutinous layer, and a trichodermal pileus cutis.

Leaf Traits Within Communities: Context May Affect The Mapping Of Traits To Function, Jennifer L. Funk, William K. Cornwell

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The leaf economics spectrum (LES) has revolutionized the way many ecologists think about quantifying plant ecological trade-offs. In particular, the LES has connected a clear functional trade-off (long-lived leaves with slow carbon capture vs. short-lived leaves with fast carbon capture) to a handful of easily measured leaf traits. Building on this work, community ecologists are now able to quickly assess species carbon-capture strategies, which may have implications for community-level patterns such as competition or succession. However, there are a number of steps in this logic that require careful examination, and a potential danger arises when interpreting leaf-trait variation among species …

Sfa Gardens Newsletter, Winter 2013, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.

The Clubroot Pathogen (Plasmodiophora Brassicae) Influences Auxin Signaling To Regulate Auxin Homeostasis In Arabidopsis, Linda Jahn, Stefanie Mucha, Sabine Bergmann, Cornelia Horn, Paul E. Staswick, Bianka Steffens, Johannes Siemens, Jutta Ludwig-Müller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The clubroot disease, caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae, affects cruciferous crops worldwide. It is characterized by root swellings as symptoms, which are dependent on the alteration of auxin and cytokinin metabolism. Here, we describe that two different classes of auxin receptors, the TIR family and the auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1) in Arabidopsis thaliana are transcriptionally upregulated upon gall formation. Mutations in the TIR family resulted in more susceptible reactions to the root pathogen. As target genes for the different pathways we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of selected transcriptional repressors (Aux/IAA) and transcription …

The Physiology Of Invasive Plants In Low-Resource Environments, Jennifer L. Funk

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

While invasive plant species primarily occur in disturbed, high-resource environments, many species have invaded ecosystems characterized by low nutrient, water, and light availability. Species adapted to low-resource systems often display traits associated with resource conservation, such as slow growth, high tissue longevity, and resource-use efficiency. This contrasts with our general understanding of invasive species physiology derived primarily from studies in high-resource environments. These studies suggest that invasive species succeed through high resource acquisition. This review examines physiological and morphological traits of native and invasive species in low-resource environments. Existing data support the idea that species invading low-resource environments possess traits …

The Effects Of 11 Yr Of Co2 Enrichment On Roots In A Florida Scrub-Oak Ecosystem, Frank Day, Rachel E. Schroeder, Daniel B. Stover, Alisha L. P. Brown, John R. Butnor, John Dilustro, Bruce A. Hungate, Paul Dijkstra, Benjamn D. Duval, Troy J. Seiler

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

• Uncertainty surrounds belowground plant responses to rising atmospheric CO₂ because roots are difficult to measure, requiring frequent monitoring as a result of fine root dynamics and long-term monitoring as a result of sensitivity to resource availability.
• We report belowground plant responses of a scrub-oak ecosystem in Florida exposed to 11yr of elevated atmospheric CO₂ using open-top chambers. We measured fine root production, turnover and biomass using minirhizotrons, coarse root biomass using ground-penetrating radar and total root biomass using soil cores.
• Total root biomass was greater in elevated than in ambient plots, and the absolute difference was larger than …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Genus Stachys Sect. Eriostomum (Lamiaceae) In Turkey Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Its Sequences, Ekrem Dündar, Ekrem Akçi̇çek, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇, Şaki̇r Akgün

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphological revision and phylogenetic analysis of Stachys L. sect. Eriostomum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Dumort. (Lamiaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequences were conducted. Morphological analysis confirmed the previous arrangements of 3 subsections, i.e. Germanicae R.Bhattacharjee, Creticae R.Bhattacharjee, and Spectabiles R.Bhattacharjee, while suggesting some status changes and new records that were also confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis suggested, however, some arrangements different from those indicated by morphology. Two subsections, i.e. Creticae and Germanicae-Spectabiles, instead of 3 were observed in the phylogenetic tree. The tree also suggested that 9 Stachys cretica L. subspecies form a polyphyletic …

Leaf Epidermis Morphology Of Some Onosma (Boraginaceae) Species From Turkey, Öznur Ergen Akçi̇n, Gülcan Şenel, Yaşar Akçi̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

The leaf epidermis of 14 Onosma L. species was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The leaf characters studied showed some variations. Morphologic features of the epidermal cells such as shape, structure of the anticlinal walls, stomatal size, outer stomatal rims, peristomatal rims, and apertures were summarised in the examined taxa. It was found that these characters are variable in the genus but usually they are stable within a species. Epidermal cells of the investigated taxa are polygonal, elongated, or irregular. Anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells are generally straight to curved and repand. Apertures are long, ellipsoidal, …

Comparative Morphological, Epidermal, And Anatomical Studies Of Pinus Roxburghii Needles At Different Altitudes In The North-West Indian Himalayas, Satyendra Prakash Tiwari, Pradeep Kumar, Deepika Yadav, Devendra Kumar Chauhan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of the present study was to understand the ecological adaptation of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. in the North-West Himalayan region. P. roxburghii needles showed morphological, epidermal, and anatomical variation at different altitudes. Needle length was negatively correlated with altitude. Stomatal characters like stomatal density, stomatal index, and guard cell lengths were found to be affected by environmental factors and showed a direct correlation with altitude. The results showed that potential conductance index was dependent on the climatic conditions of the habitat. The anatomical properties of needles exhibited variation from lower to higher elevation, especially in the number and position …

Analysis Of Airborne Pollen Grains In Denizli, Aykut Güvensen, Ali̇ Çeli̇k, Bülent Topuz, Müni̇r Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Botany

Airborne pollen distribution in Denizli Province was measured volumetrically during 2 consecutive years, 2005 and 2006, on a weekly basis. A total of 11,981 pollen grains/m^3 belonging to 42 taxa were determined. In 2005 the total was 5368 pollen grains/m^3 and in 2006 it was 6613 pollen grains/m^3. Among the taxa recorded, 26 belonged to arboreal and 16 to nonarboreal taxa. At the end of the 2 years total pollen counts comprised 79.68% arboreal, 19.48% nonarboreal, and 0.84% unidentified taxa. The number of pollen grains/m^3 among arboreal plants was as follows: Pinaceae (24.19%), Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae (15.99%), Olea europaea (11.35%), Quercus spp. …