Botany Commons^™

Bark Anatomy And Cell Size Variation In Quercus Faginea, Teresa Quilhó, Vicelina Sousa, Fatima Tavares, Helena Pereira

Turkish Journal of Botany

The bark structure of Quercus faginea Lam. in trees 30-60 years old grown in Portugal is described. The rhytidome consists of 3-5 sequential periderms alternating with secondary phloem. The phellem is composed of 2-5 layers of cells with thin suberised walls and narrow (1-3 seriate) tangential band of lignified thick-walled cells. The phelloderm is thin (2-3 seriate). Secondary phloem is formed by a few tangential bands of fibres alternating with bands of sieve elements and axial parenchyma. Formation of conspicuous sclereids and the dilatation growth (proliferation and enlargement of parenchyma cells) affect the bark structure. Fused phloem rays give rise …

Seed-Coat Microsculpturing Of Turkish Lepidium (Brassicaceae) And Its Systematic Application, Mehmet Bona

Turkish Journal of Botany

This article investigates the seed exomorphic characteristics of 14 taxa of Lepidium L. in Brassicaceae by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The exomorphic characteristics of the seed are size, seed shape, seed colour, seed wings, and seed surface pattern. All characteristics of the seeds are described, illustrated, and compared in this article. The results of SEM at higher magnification showed 6 types of seed surface patterns: tuberculate, reticulate, ruminate, reticulate-tuberculate, reticulate-areolate, and reticulate-fovate. In these seed surface patterns, there were diagnostic characteristics and differences at the specific level for Lepidium.

The Revision Of Genus Seseli (Umbelliferae) In Turkey, Ebru Doğan Güner, Hayri̇ Duman

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seseli L. is represented by 12 taxa (species and subspecies) in the Flora of Turkey. On the basis of morphological examination and field investigation, we have revised the genus Seseli in Turkey. The following are provided for each taxon: a description, along with the complete synonymy and notes on nomenclature, geographical distribution, habitat, IUCN conservation status assessment, and selected materials examined. Two new species from Turkey, Seseli marashica E.Doğan & H.Duman and S. serpentina B.L.Burtt ex H.Duman & E.Doğan, are also described. One taxon is reduced to synonymy: S. paphlagonicum Pimenov & Kljuykov is a synonym of S. gummiferum Pallas …

2013 Virginia Wildflower Of The Year: Redbud, Cercis Canadensis, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Redbuds are small trees or shrubs that may attain heights of 10 m or so. Leaves are alternate and two-ranked, simple, entire, deciduous, broadly cordate, with an acute apex, 611 cm long, 712 cm wide, and palmately veined. Petioles have two swollen pulvini, one at its connection with the stem, the other at its junction with the leaf blade.

La Serreta Endokarst (Se Spain): A Sustainable Value?, Antonia D. Asencio, Teodoro Espinosa

International Journal of Speleology

La Serreta endokarst (SE Spain), which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site in 1998, was considered a sanctuary with cave art and one of the most important archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region for both the remains it hosts and the spectacular karstic landscape at the site.

To coincide with the 40th anniversary of its discovery, the La Serreta cave-chasm was adapted for public use with the intention of showing visitors the remains, which date back to prehistoric times. The solution included attempts to minimize contact with the valuables in the cave in order to alter the existing remains as …

Morphometric Study Of Variation In The Genus Galeopsis (Lamiaceae), Michael T. Hughes

Masters Theses

The genus Galeopsis L. of the family Lamiaceae, also known as hemp-nettle, grows naturally in Europe and Asia, with four species naturalized in North America. The number of real species is in doubt, because of conflict over whether certain taxa are species, subspecies, or synonyms. The genus consists of five to eight taxa. I studied flower and leaf size ratios to clarify the distinctions of taxa in Galeopsis. These data were analyzed statistically, using cluster analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that although some measurements, such as leaf width in G. angustifolia, …

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Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Index

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Sub1a-Mediated Submergence Tolerance Response In Rice Involves Differential Regulation Of The Brassinosteroid Pathway, Aaron J. Schmitz, Jing J. Folsom, Yusuke Jikamaru, Pamela C. Ronald, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Submergence 1A (SUB1A), is an ethylene response factor (ERF) that confers submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) via limiting shoot elongation during the inundation period. SUB1A has been proposed to restrict shoot growth by modulating gibberellic acid (GA) signaling.

Our transcriptome analysis indicated that SUB1A differentially regulates genes associated with brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis during submergence. Consistent with the gene expression data, the SUB1A genotype had higher brassinosteroid levels after submergence compared to the intolerant genotype. Tolerance to submergence can be activated in the intolerant genotype by pretreatment with exogenous brassinolide, which results in restricted shoot elongation …

Characterisation Of Synthetically Developed Cry1ab Gene In Transgenic Tobacco Chloroplasts, Safdar Ali Mirza, Muhammad Sarwar Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Synthetic cry1Ab gene was developed with optimised codons and expressed in the tobacco plastome. Characterisation of the synthetic cry1Ab gene was carried out on homoplasmic transgenic shoots. To purify the homoplasmic shoots, the proliferating heteroplasmic shoots were subjected to various rounds of selection and regeneration on spectinomycin-containing regeneration medium of plant medium. The PCR-screened homoplasmic shoots were placed on MS medium for root induction and proliferation. The functionally expressed CRY protein was detected using ImmunoStrips, and the amount of toxin protein in transplastomic tobacco plants was measured by DAS-ELISA, specific for cry1Ab gene product. The accumulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) …

Three Pyronemataceous Macrofungi Genera New To Turkish Mycota, Ilgaz Akata, Abdullah Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Three pyronemataceous macrofungi genera, Acervus Kanouse, Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc., and Rhodoscypha Dissing & Sivertsen, are recorded for the first time from Turkey, based on the collection of Acervus epispartius (Berk. & Broome) Pfister, Neottiella rutilans (Fr.) Dennis, and Rhodoscypha ovilla (Peck) Dissing & Sivertsen. Short descriptions of the taxa are provided together with photographs related to macro- and micromorphologies.

Genetic Fidelity Assessment Of Encapsulated In Vitro Tissues Of Bacopa Monnieri After 6 Months Of Storage By Using Issr And Rapd Markers, Joe Virgin Largia Muthiah, Karutha Pandian Shunmugiah, Ramesh Manikandan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study has investigated the efficiency of regrowth of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell after 6 months of storage along with its clonal fidelity checking. Shoot tips and nodal segments of in vitro grown plantlets were encapsulated and stored at different temperatures and the highest regeneration was achieved by storing shoot tips at 4 °C for a period of 6 months. The response of shoot tips was found to be much better when compared to nodal segments in the case of forming healthy shoots and roots. The genetic stability of regrown plantlets was analysed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. …

Asperula Anatolica (Rubiaceae), A New Species From South-East Anatolia, Turkey, Meryem Şeker

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Asperula anatolica M.Ozturk (Rubiaceae), is described from south-east Turkey. A. anatolica grows on limestone bedrock, in Uludere District (C9 Şırnak Province). It is an endemic confined to south-east Anatolia, and it is related to A. comosa Schönb.-Tem in the section Cruciana. Asperula anatolica is distinct from a closely allied species, A. comosa, by its inflorescence, indumentum, corolla lobes and shape, bracts, bracteoles, internodes, seed coat surface, and pollen grains. Photos of the new species are provided, and observations on the population are discussed. Special attention is also given to its ecology and conservation status. In addition, pollen …

Physiological Responses To Nitrate Stress Of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Harbouring The Cucumber Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene, Huini Xu, Xudong Sun, Xiaoyu Yang, Qinghua Shi, Xiufeng Wang

Turkish Journal of Botany

The physiological responses to nitrate stress of 2 transgenic tobacco lines containing the cucumber mitogen-activated protein kinase (CsNMAPK) gene were investigated. Seed germination rates of the transgenic tobacco lines were higher than that of the wild type (WT) tobacco under 150 mM nitrate treatment. The transgenic seedlings had higher root fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) than the WT plants after 98 mM and 182 mM nitrate treatment. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolytic leakage (EL), and H_{2}O_2 content were higher in the WT than they were in the transgenic plants after 7-day nitrate stress treatment. The antioxidant enzyme (superoxide …

The Revision Of The Genus Oxytropis (Leguminosae) In Turkey, Seher Karaman Erkul, Zeki̇ Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Botany

A taxonomic revision of the genus Oxytropis DC. (Leguminosae) in Turkey is presented. According to the recent literature, the genus had 13 taxa in Turkey; however, at the end of our studies the number was reduced to 11. It was determined that Oxytropis engizekensis Duman & Vural is a synonym of O. persica Boiss., and O. fominii Grossh. is a synonym of O. argyroleuca Bornm. Red List categories of the taxa were re-evaluated according to our results based on IUCN Red List categories. The Red List categories of O. pallasii Pers. and O. pilosa (L.) DC., which are ascribed as …

Soil-Plant Relations In The Annual Gypsophila (Caryopyhllaceae) Taxa Of Turkey, Mustafa Korkmaz, Hasan Özçeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Botany

The soil properties of the annual Gypsophila L. taxa of Turkey and their effects on plant morphology were investigated. The taxa studied were Gypsophila heteropoda Freyn & Sint., G. parva Barkoudah, G. elegans M.Bieb., G. bitlisensis Barkoudah, G. viscosa Murray, G. antari Post & Beauverd, G. muralis L., G. tubulosa (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., G. confertifolia Hub.-Mor., and G. pilosa Hudson. The soils of the plant taxa were medium textured, sand or sandy-loam, saltless or a little salty, neutral, limy, rich in potassium and with very little phosphorous, and with medium levels of nitrogen and organic matter. G. antari, which …

Patterns Of Aquatic Macrophyte Species Composition And Distribution In Bulgarian Rivers, Gana Gecheva, Lilyana Yurukova, Svetoslav Cheshmedjiev

Turkish Journal of Botany

The composition of aquatic bryophyte and vascular plant assemblages, and 4 environmental variables (water velocity, shading, mean depth, and substrate type), together with altitude, ecological status, and river type were monitored at 223 sites along 204 rivers during 2009 in the Pontic Province and Eastern Balkan Ecoregions, Bulgaria. The relationships between macrophytes themselves and the parameters studied were tested. Forty-nine bryophytes and 86 vascular plants were identified. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that aquatic bryophytes and vascular plants are in inverse correlation. Bryophytes occurred mainly in conditions of higher altitude and ecological status; at the same time vascular plants were …

Spatial Pattern Analysis Of Peganum Harmala On The Salted Lower Chelif Plain, Algeria, Adda Ababou, Mohammed Chouieb, Abdelkader Bouthiba, Djamel Saidi, Mahfoud M'Hamedi Bouzina, Khalladi Mederbal

Turkish Journal of Botany

Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae), native to arid and semiarid rangeland, has been widely studied biochemically, pharmaceutically, and medicinally, but is largely unknown ecologically. In the lower Chelif, Algeria, this plant is largely present and shows a clear clumped pattern, which indicates the strong effects of environmental conditions. Our redundancy analysis showed that the geographic distribution of this species was positively correlated with sand and pH and negatively correlated with conductivity, Na^+, and clay. The Gaussian model suggested that 9.4 mmhos/cm conductivity and sand contents greater than 40% are optimum for this plant. The spatial distribution map obtained through the kriging …

Physiological And Ultrastructural Studies On Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation In Some Plants, Fayza Faheed, Ahmed Mazen, Shereen Abd Elmohsen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Results from light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic examination of CaOx crystal formation in 2 plant species, namely Corchorus olitorius L. and Malva parviflora L., revealed the presence of crystalline deposits. These deposits were of prismatic type in the case of C. olitorius and of druse type in the case of M. parviflora. Ultrastructurally, some differences were observed between crystal idioblast and noncrystal cells. Moreover, the effect of heavy metals and different calcium concentrations on the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in leaves of the 2 plants was investigated. Different analytical techniques were used to determine the influence of exogenous …

Spindle Irregularities, Chromatin Transfer, And Chromatin Stickiness During Male Meiosis In Anemone Tetrasepala (Ranunculaceae), Pawan Kumar Rana, Puneet Kumar, Vijay Kumar Singhal

Turkish Journal of Botany

Detailed cytological investigations performed in Anemone tetrasepala Royle from the Pangi Valley revealed the presence of various irregularities (spindle irregularities, chromatin transfer, chromatin stickiness, and nonsynchronous condensation of chromatin material) for the first time in the species that existed at diploid level (2n = 14). Spindle irregularities resulted in dyads, triads, polyads, and micronuclei in sporads during microsporogenesis and variable sized pollen grains and reduced fertility in pollen grains (85.38%). Direct fusion among proximate meiocytes resulted in the formation of syncyte pollen mother cells. Such syncytes yielded jumbo-sized pollen grains that were surely of unreduced nature in their genetic constitution. …