Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Yield And Economics Following 5 Years Of Integrated Weed Management In Cotton, Amar Godar, Jason K. Norseworthy, L. Tom Barber, Roger Farr, Ty Smith

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The implementation of integrated weed management (IWM) practices in conventional management systems involves additional costs and can influence both short-term and long-term cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields, ultimately affecting economic viability. This study, conducted from fall 2018 to fall 2023 near Marianna, AR, evaluated four IWM practices in a large-plot, fixed-plot factorial design: zero tolerance for weed seed rain, soil inversion deep tillage every third year in the fall, a preplant terminated cereal rye cover crop, and dicamba-resistant cotton technology. Long-term economic impacts were assessed using the 5-year average cost-adjusted yield, with the base program (excluding all IWM practices) serving …

Where Is Your Crop Insurance Agent? Understanding The Geographical Distribution Of Agents, Cory Walters, Nathan Delay

Cornhusker Economics

Following the modifications to the Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA) in 2010, there was limited understanding of the impact of policy changes on agent availability. Our objective is to construct a model of the equilibrium supply of crop insurance agents and to test hypotheses regarding the factors influencing agent concentration, such as commissions, competition, and risk. We developed a theoretical equilibrium model of the federal crop insurance market, which encompasses three tiers: insurance companies, agents, and farmers. The model incorporates key features of the federal program, including government-set premiums and the stipulation that agents cannot refuse coverage or modify premiums for …

Cover Crop Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Global Warming Potential In Furrow-Irrigated Corn In The Lower Mississippi River Valley, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor Brye, Michael J. Mulvaney, Mike Daniels, Tabata De Oliveira, Beth Baker, Timothy Bradford Jr, Chandler M. Arel

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Corn (Zea mays) production systems are described as high risk for emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to large fertilizer inputs. Conservation practices, such as cover crop (CC), can limit the effects of agricultural activities on GHGs while increasing carbon and nitrogen storage. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of cover crops, i.e., with CC and no-CC, on GHG (i.e., CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) in furrow-irrigated corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Gas sampling was conducted with an automated system that measured GHGs four times daily during the 2024 …

Trenching And Compost Sustain Grain Yield Increases Over Nine Years On Deep Sands But At A Cost, David J.M. Hall, Tom J. Edwards

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Context. Crops grown on deep sands on the south coast of WA are limited by soil physical and chemical properties including compaction and poor nutrition. Aims. Crops grown on deep sands on the south coast of Western Australia are limited by soil physical and chemical properties including compaction and poor nutrition. Our aim was to determine what effects deep-placed organic amendments have on soil properties and crop production in a deep sand and whether such amendments are profitable. Methods. A long-term field trial was conducted over nine years (2015–2023) to investigate soil amendments including lime (0 and …

Field Calibration Of A Time Domain Reflectometry Sensor For Water Content Measurement In Soils With Low Content Of Coarse Fragments, Rehnuma Maisha, Dean Steele, Aaron L. M. Daigh, Derek M. Heeren, Trenton E. Franz

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Comparison of soil water sensors for irrigation scheduling requires an accurate reference measurement. An Acclima TDR-310H soil water content sensor was calibrated and validated for sand, loamy sand, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and sandy loam soils. In 2021, sensor readings and soil samples were collected in the same sensor volume at depths of 15 and 46 cm at three irrigated field sites with five stations each. Gravimetric water content, bulk density, and volumetric water content (θv) were determined in the lab. The root mean square error was 0.032 cm³ cm⁻³, which was within acceptable limits. The …

Rice Tolerance To Fluridone At Different Application Timings And In Mixtures With Commonly Used Herbicides, Maria Carolina Souza, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Robert Scott

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introducing new herbicides requires a comprehensive understanding of how crops respond to various herbicide-related factors. Fluridone was registered for use in rice production in 2023, but research on rice tolerance to this herbicide is lacking. Hence, field research aimed to 1) evaluate the effect of fluridone application timing on rice tolerance and 2) assess rice response to fluridone in a mixture with standard rice herbicides applied to 3-leaf rice. Both experiments were conducted in a delay-flooded dry-seeded system using a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Treatments in the first experiment included a nontreated control and 10 application timings, …

Heterologous Expression Of Maize-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Zmes4 In Escherichia Coli For Potential Plant Pathogen Control, Suseno Amien, Dadi Nurdiana, Noor Istifadah, Noladhi Wicaksana, Haifanisa Salsabila

Jurnal Kultivasi

ZmES4 is a plant-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from maize that shows promise as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic organisms. In the context of growing challenges in sustainable agriculture, AMPs like ZmES4 represent innovative alternatives to chemical pesticides. This study focuses on the structural characterization and heterologous expression of the ZmES4 peptide in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The gene encoding ZmES4 was obtained from the maize female gametophyte (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001112150.3) and cloned into the pET24d(+) expression vector using NcoI and XhoI restriction sites. Transformation into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells enabled recombinant expression upon induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside …

The Effect Of Soil Conditioner And Growth Booster On The Agronomic Characters And Number Of Nodules Of Black Soybean, Tien Turmuktini, I Putu Rahmat Santoso, Lia Amalia, Nunung Sondari, Elly Roosma Ria, Yenny Muliani, Endang Kantikowati, Tualar Simarmata

Jurnal Kultivasi

Soil Conditioner & Growth Booster (SCGB) is a potion that was made to be used as a soil conditioner and plant growth promoter. SCGB is made from organic matter, biological fertilizers, soil ameliorants, and microelements. This research aims to determine the best dosage of SCGB on the agronomic characters, effective nodules, and black soybean variety ‘Detam-1’ yield. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University, Sumedang, Indonesia. This experiment used a simple randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 kg/ha) and repeated 4 times. The observation …

The Effect Of Topping And Various Cytokinin-Based Plant Growth Regulators Applications On Immature Liberica Coffee Growth, Yudithia Maxiselly, Joshua Samuel, Cucu Suherman

Jurnal Kultivasi

The growth of Liberica coffee in the 2-year immature plant phase can be improved by applying cytokinin-based plant growth regulators (PGRs) and topping. Toppings applied to plants can inhibit apical dominance, while cytokinin PGRs such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and coconut water can stimulate plant shoot growth. This research aims to determine the effect of topping and PGR application on the vegetative growth of Liberica coffee plants. This experiment was carried out at the Ciparanje experimental field, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, with an elevation of ± 750 meters above sea level from March to June 2024. The experimental design used a …

Grassland For Our World, F Riveros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present-day role of grasslands and fodder is reviewed with respect agriculture, animal production and environmental concerns. The world 's grazing lands are a finite resource nnd, overall, are being badly mnnaEed; in most developing countries action is required now, before it is too lnte. They will continue to be a major source of animal feed for the foreseeable future; encroachment from cropping will con

Human Impact On Terrestrial Ecosytems- What We Know And What We Are Doing About It, H A. Mooney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

At present the impact of humankind on the Barth System is substantial mul will become greater as we continue to add over 80 million people to the global population each year. Collectively the human species utilises over a third of the total fresh water that is available, as well as an equivalent amount of tho total terrestrial productivity. Possil energy is being consumed at a prodigious rnte and fuels, among other things, over a half a billion vehicles. To support the large human population the Earth has been greatly reconfigured with much of the land utilised for grazing and agriculture. …

Grasslands For Sustainable Ecosystems, Malcolm Hadley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslnnds present many advantages for examining issues related to sustainability. Grasslands include planted pastures as well as a variety of natural rangelands in situations ranging from semi-arid to subhumid. Diversity is also reflected in the spectrum of grassland users and uses, for example, nomadic pastoralism, extensive ranches, intensive pastures, wildlife tourism, game hunting. And in terms of sustainability of resource management, grasslands encompass a wide range of contrasting situations and conflicts in resource use. Heavy grazing pressure associated with increasing human populations in certain tropical savannas, the implications of rural depopulation to traditional pasture management in alpine regions, and the …

Red Clover Hybrid Ryegrass Associations Results Obtained From 1984 To 1987 In Four French Regions, C Pfitzenmeyer, C Longueval

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In France, red clover is often grown in association with a grass in order, if not to increase the yield of forage, at least to improve its quality by having a larger protein content in the harvested product. Among the grass species associated to red clover, Italian ryegrass, too aggressive a competitor, is replaced more and more by hybrid ryegrass. The aims of the present work were the following

1% to obtain quantitative references on the behaviour o[ hybrid ryegrass/red clover associations in four contrasting regions of France ;

2% to check that the presence of clover, through the transfer …

Potentials Of Summer Fodders Under Intensive Cropping System In India, M S. Tiwana, Thakur Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One of the reasons for low milk production in India is the non-availability of good quality fodders in sufficient quantity. Therefore, it is necessary to bridge the gap of this acute short­age of fodder for increasing the milk production. There seems to be no possibility of increasing area under fodders and the only alternative looks to be the ulilization of vacant land (70 days) after harvesting wheat and before the sowing of main summer season crops. However, the growing of these crops may have some effect on the yield of succeeding crops by depleting or replenishing the nutrient status of …

Competitive Effects On Production Of Lolium Perenne L. And Trifolium Alexandrinum L. In Mixture And Mono-Culture, M S. Tiwana, K P. Puri, I S. Thind

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Berscem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is grown as a fodder crop by every farmer of north India. Though it is a very good multi-cul legume fodder, yet its dry matter percentage is low which indirectly affects the total dry matter production over a period of 6 to 7 months. Presently no suitable multicut grass for the same period is available which may be grown separately or in mixture with berseem to produce high dry matter yield. The first successful planting of ryegrass in research trials was made in 1976 (Tiwana and Puri, 1984) in India. After that, we became interested …

Herbage Yield Of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorium Lam.) And Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) At Different Seeding Rates, M A. Jimenez, O L. Gallegos, M.J L. Castrellon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Most of the dairy farms in the Central Valley of Mexico have alfalfa and corn silage as major forages. Winters are mild, how­ever, yield of alfalfa is reduced and no corn can be grown. For­age crops as oats, annual ryegrass and common vetch have been grown successfully to supply winter forage (Avendano, 1978; Victoria, 1981). Annual rycgrass generally outyields oats, but a high input of nitrogen is required by annual rye grass (Ciane, 1978). The high cost of N fertilizers prevents their use and cheaper N sources should be sought. Legumes as common vetch grown with annual ryegrass can be …

Performance Of White Clover Cultivars In Mixtures With Orchardgrass In Atlantic Canada, Joanna Fraser, H T. Kunelius

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The climate in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada is ideally suited to pasture production, with up to seven months of grow­ing season in some areas. Moreover, many of the soils are too shallow to support deep-rooted and highly valued forages such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). How­ever, the main limiting factor to pasture production occurs in spring where there are frequent freeze-thaw cycles, which reduce the dependability of snow cover for insulation, and this results in winter injury (Dzikowski et al., 1984). The interest in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as a …

Comparison Of Ryegrass-White Clover And Competitive Interactions In New Zealand And Wales, W Harris, I Rhodes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New Zealand and Wales have temperate climates suitable for ryegrass (Lolium species) and white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. However, pasture management in New Zealand and Wales in fundamentally different. New Zealand pastures are grazed all year, whereas in Wales pastures are mostly not grazed in winter. Moreover New Zealand pastures mostly rely on nitrogen fixed by legumes, whereas nitrogen fertiliser is com­monly applied to Welsh pastures. To consider the basis of differences of pasture management in New Zealand and Wales, data from field experiments at Aberystwyth, Wales (Lat. 52°25'N) and Palmerston North, New Zealand (Lat. 40°20'S) are …

Forage Contribution Of Overseeded Cool-Season Clovers, G D. Mooso

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Warm-season perennial grasses are the foundation of pasture systems in the southeastern U.S. Though well adapted, these species require significant amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to maintain forage production. Nitrogen fertilizers are widely used to improve the yield and quality of grass pastures because it was less expensive and easier to manage than grass-legume mixtures. Cool-season clovers overseeded into dormant peren­nial warm-season swards offer a practical method to extend the grazing season and improve forage quality while capitalizing on the ability of inoculated clovers to supply nitrogen to pro­duction systems thus decreasing production costs (Burton, 1976 ; Hoveland et al., …

Effect Of Irrigation On Vegetation Succession And Forage Regerneration, Fu Jing-Yan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.