Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Valorisation Des Paturages De Haute-Belgique Par La Vache Laitiere A Travers Deux Systemes D'Exploitation Differents, P Limbourg, M Gielen, L Istasse, J M. Bienfait

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La prairie permanente occupe en Haute-Belgique environ 70 % de la surface agricole: il importe done d'en exploiter tou­tes les potentialites. Si le chargement constitue le facteur essen­tiel de la bonne utilisation de l'herbe au paturage, les modalites d'exploitation jouent egalement un role non negligeable. C'est ainsi que le paturage continu intensif est tres attractif aupres des eleveurs en raison de l'economie de main-d'ceuvre qui en resulte. Des experiences anterieures ont cependant demontre la plus faible productivite en herbe d'un tel systeme par rapport au paturage classique en rotation, du fait notamment de la reduction des temps de repos. Dans …

New Grazing Animal Production System In Japan, H Kobayashi, K Ochiai, S Shioya, Y Togamura, T Ami, N Harashima, K Sato, M Nashiki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of animal production from pasture by conven­tional grazing system in Japan stays at low level as 300 kg body weight gain of steers per hectare in one grazing period. This is supposedly caused by the following problems concerning graz­ing in Japan ; cold or hot temperature, rainy season, steep slope pasture, low fertilizer application, sharp seasonal fluctuation of grass production (spring flush, summer depression), faulty warm-up grazing, lots of blood-sucking insects and diseases (piroplasmosis, pneumonia etc.). Settling these problems, we have developed a new short rot­ational grazing system to get three times animal production (1,000 kg body weight …

Determination Of The Number Of Paddocks Necessary For The Rotation Of Grazing Dairy Cows, A Senra, J Ugarte, M A. Menchaca, J Galindo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Great importance in the grassland management has been given to the paddock system, since it allows animal rotation. However, fencing costs must be minimal without affecting ani­mal or pasture performance. Thus, it is necessary to obtain results that can be applied to a wider range of grasslands, tak­ing into consideration that each pasture could show a different performance. The objective of this study was aimed to deter­mine the minimum number of paddocks necessary for grazing dairy cows with pastures of greater and lesser aggressiveness.

Etude Comparative De Deux Varietes De Fetuque Elevee De Qualite Differente Conduites En Paturage Continu Avec Vaches Laitieres, J C. Emile, M Gillet, L Huguet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans des essais anterieurs (Gillet et al., 1986 et 1989), nous avons mis en evidence chez la fetuque elevee Festuca arundin­acea Schreb. des differences varietales pour la valeur alimen­taire avec des moutons a l'entretien, des chevres laitieres et des vaches laitieres. Ces differences etaient observees a l'auge. Nous avons voulu verifier si, et dans quelles conditions, elles se retrouvaient !ors d'une utilisation en paturage continu par des vaches laitieres. (cf Roden et al., 1987). Notre demarche peut aider a mettre en evidence les conditions de valorisation de la qualite dans les especes fourrageres.

Phosphorus Fertilizer And The Long Term Productivity Of Nitrogen Fertilized Dairy Pasture, T M. Davison, W N. Orr, B A. Silver, F Duncalfe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production responses to nitrogen fertiliser on tropical grass systems have been well documented (Davison et al. 1985a; 1985b). However, there are no reports on the long term phosphorus fertiliser requirements of dairy pastures. This experiment, which ran for 7 years, was designed to determine the long term phosphorus fertiliser requirements, for mainten­ance of a grass pasture fertilised with nitrogen. The effects of fertiliser level were monitored in terms of changes in soil fer­tility, plant productivity and milk yield.

Prospects For Legume-Based Dairying In Cool Temperate Conditions, M Ryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is increasing interest in exploiting legume-based pastures in the temperate zones of NW Europe-their value for lamb and beef production being recently documented (Stewart, 1984; Davies and Munro, 1988). Legume-based intensive dairying is currently not prevalent north of - 49 NL but quota restrictions leading to fewer cows may create conditions favourable to legumes within dairying. This paper describes the results of experimentation comparing N and legume-based dairying in cool temperate conditions and assesses future pros­pects.

Simplification De La Distribution Des Aliments Concentres Aux Vaches Laitieres Pendant La Periode De Paturage, J I. Andries, D L. De Brabander, Ch V. Boucque, F X. Buysse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En vue de remplacer le systeme complique de distribution de concentres selon le niveau de production, la recherche s'efforce, ces dernieres annees, de simplifier la distribution de concentres pour le betail laitier. On a examine si une distribution d'une quantite egale de concentres a toutes Jes vaches d'un groupe en fonction d'un niveau de production laitiere preetabli, peut etre un systeme valable pour la periode de paturage. Ce systeme est voisin de la « distribution d'une quantite fixe de concentres », aussi appele "flat rate feeding", dont la convenance pour la periode de sta­bulation a deja ete demontree plusieurs fois …

Production And Utilization Of High-Quality Cold-Hardy Forages, D W. Koch, C Kercher, D Agee, R Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing is generally the least expensive method of forage utilization ; however, in temperate climates the growing season is relatively short and perennial forages are at peak nutritive value for a relatively short time. Brassica spp. have several characteristics which make them prime candidates for extending the grazing season : (1) they mature rapidly (Guillard and Allinson, 1984); (2) they are frost tolerant and maintain high nutrient value well during cold weather (Jung et al., 1984); and (3) they can be established with minimum tillage techniques (Jung et al., 1984; Koch et al., 1987). The purpose of this study was …

Multispecies Grazing Systems In Iowa, Midwestern Usa, W F. Wedin, M A. Sanderson, C Ohlsonn, D G. Morrical

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Combining species of grazing animals such as cattle and sheep into appropriate grazing systems may help producers to use grazing land resources more efficiently (Heinemann, 1970 ;Van Keuren and Parker, 1967: Winrock, 1985). Earlier pasture research on lands unsuited for row-crop production has shown that renovation to incorporate a pasture legume has been very beneficial (Wedin et al., 1967). Yet, grazing manage­ment has lagged behind legume incorporation and fertilization (Wedin, 1985). Practices used in animal management must be taken into account in new grazing systems. In midwestern USA, producers commonly buy stocker steers in spring to take advantage of ample, …

Implications Of Grazing Experiments Which Employ Only One Grazing Level Per Treatment, David I. Bransby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stocking rate is one of the most powerful driving variables in grazing ecosystems, but its influence on animal production is mediated through effects on pasture sward state, and associated effects on quantity and quality of forage consumed by animals. Consequently, confounding important sward state char­acteristics with treatments in grazing experiments will often mask treatment effects and lead to erroneous conclusions. While this problem has generally been recognized (e.g. Mott and Lucas, 1952; Wheeler et al. 1973 ; Hodgson, 1985), attempts to overcome it appear to be less than satisfactory. The aim of this paper is to discuss methods of stocking …

Experiments And Extension Of The Utilization And Improvement Of Sandy Rangelands In Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region, China, Hou Yong-Zhang, Bai Ri-Sheng, Li Xhang-Chun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 60 million ha. of rangelands available for livestock in Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region. In the great vast area of rangelands there are 4 rather large sandy rangelands: 1) the Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland; 2) the Kerching Sandy Rangeland ; 3) the Hunshandak Sandy Rangeland ; and 4) the Maowoos Sandy Rangeland. Their total area covers about 20.8 million ha and accounts for more than 1/3 of that available in N. M. A. R.

The Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland located in the northeast part of N. M.A. R. - N 47° 40'-50°12' E 118°3!'-121°03' 355 km …

Production De Viande Bovine Et Ovine Sur Prairie Dans Les Monts Sudetes, Janina Fatyga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Par suite du depeuplement des villages et de !'abandon de la culture dans des zones situees en altitude dans !es Sudetes, on y observe l'accroissement de la superficie des paturages perma­nents. Des 1968, on y cree des zones de pature OU en ete de jeu­nes bovins et des ovins provenant des fermes situees plus bas sont conduits en permanence. L'importance du phenomene est illustre par le fait qu'a present, sur le terrain d'une seule region de Walbrzych, il y a 103 bases de pature d'une superficie de 7.000 ha, appartenant a 54 fermes d'etat ou paissent environ 25.000 ovins et …

A Standard Livestock Unit (Slu) For Defining Stocking Rate In Grazing Studies, D J. Minson, P C. Whiteman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The weight of animals and hence their intakes vary between grazing experiments and at different stages of the same study but the results are often presented as though these differences do not affect grazing pressure (Roberts, 1980). Thus we have sheep/ha and cattle/ha, with no indication of the effects that differences in intake and hence grazing pressure might have on the pasture/animal interaction. Pastures are utilized by different classes of stock and there is a need to have a common basis for comparing their productivity. These problems would be over­come by the use of a Standard Livestock Unit (SLU).

Temporal Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Other Near-Surfacesoil Properties Under Native Tallgrass Prairie In The Arkansasriver Valley, Katie Jansson, Kristofor R. Brye, Mike Richardson, Lisa S. Wood

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

One climate-change mitigation pathway is soil carbon (C) sequestration. Native prairies have long been known for their soil C sequestration abilities, but the full extent of their sequestration capacity is not completely understood, particularly across diverse regions. This study evaluated the effects of soil depth and soil map unit-prairie combination on changes in various soil properties from 2018 to 2022 in the top 20 cm of two native tallgrass prairies in west-central Arkansas. Soil bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total C (TC), soil organic matter (SOM), and Mehlich-3 extractable soil nutrients were evaluated from the 0- to 10-cm …

Electric Weed Control—How Does It Compare To Conventional Weed Control Methods?, Catherine Borger, Miranda J. Slaven

Journal articles

Weed management practices in agroecosystems mainly rely on herbicide, mowing, or tillage. Electric weed control offers a novel alternative, with a range of commercially available products for weed management in agricultural environments. However, electrical weed control efficacy has not been effectively compared with conventional weed management practices. Further, electrical weed control products may have a fire risk, as highlighted but not assessed in prior studies. The current study evaluated an electric weed control machine (Zasso™ XPower) for weed management in four vineyard sites (in 2022 and 2023) in comparison to mowing and herbicide applications. Weed control tactics were applied in …

Effects Of Water Deficit Stress And Mycorrhiza, Azotobacter Chroococcum, And Azospirillum Lipoferum Biofertilizers On Yield And Morphological Traits Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars, Mehdi Rashnou, Farshid Aref, Bahram Amiri, Masoud Rafiee, Mahdi Zare

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Crop production in various parts of Iran faces significant constraints due to insufficient water availability, which is a major challenge to agricultural productivity. To study the effects of water deficit stress on shoot and root growth characteristics and seed yield of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications. The main factor was irrigation treatments (full irrigation during the growing season [S1], water withholding after flowering [S2], and water withholding after grain filling at the milk stage [S3]). The secondary factors were wheat cultivars …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2024, Fred M. Bourland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Planted cotton acreage in Arkansas increased in 2024 to 670,000 planted acres, which was 160,000 acres more than in 2023 when Arkansas producers planted approximately 510,000 acres of cotton. A wet spring, and two hurricanes in three weeks in late summer/early fall led to a slight decrease in harvested acres that culminated in a final number of 640,000 (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Quick_Stats/Ag_Overview/stateOverview.php?state=ARKANSAS). Producers harvested 640,00 acres of cotton, which ranked third nationally, behind Texas and Georgia (https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/k3569432s/nk324887m/qn59s0097/cropan25.pdf). The total harvested acreage is the greatest amount since 680,000 acres in 2011. The average cotton yield in Arkansas in 2024 was …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2024, Jason Kelley, Travis Faske

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2024 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, nematode, and insect management; economics; irrigation; agronomics; soil fertility; drone use; and research verification program results.

Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

The reports inform and guide our long-term recommendations, but should not …

A Vacuolar Proton Pump Controls The Post-Germinative Growth Of Rice (Oryza Sativa Ssp. Japonica), Peter James Icalia Gann, Soumen Nandy, Rodrigo Botelho, Kari Vinzant, Mariya Khodakovskaya, Vibha Srivastava

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Post-germinative growth in plants is controlled by sucrose mobilization from the endosperm. Regulation of this process, however, is not fully understood. Transcriptional suppression of the rice vacuolar H+ translocating pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) referred to as VPP5 led to enhanced starch content in mature grains. However, vpp5 suppressed lines displayed a slower post-germinative growth rescuable by sucrose, indicating inefficient sucrose mobilization from the endosperm. Biochemical and gene expression analyses showed a slower rate of starch to sucrose conversion and altered expression of the key starch utilization pathway genes. We hypothesized that the modulation of metabolic activities in the vpp5 lines was based …

Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Cotton Expressing Single And Pyramided Proteins Of Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) On Helicoverpa Armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Spodoptera Litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), And Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Sharna Holman, Paul Grundy, Helen Spafford, Michael Furlong

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

The susceptibility to proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can vary among lepidopteran pest species. While Bollgard 3 cotton (BG3) effectively controls the primary pest Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Australia, its effectiveness against other pests, such as Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is unknown. This laboratory study assessed the survival and development of H. armigera, S. litura, and S. frugiperda larvae when fed foliage from a non-transgenic cotton variety (CC) and 3 transgenic cotton varieties: Bollgard (BG1) expressing Cry1Ac, Bollgard II (BG2) expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, and Bollgard 3 (BG3) expressing Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A. Pyramided …