Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2011, Fred M. Bourland, A. B. Beach, D. P. Roberts Jr.

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant.

2011 Vadose Zone Nitrate Study At Hastings, Ne (Revised), Roy F. Spalding, Martin Toavs

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In an effort to assist Hastings Utilities in the management of their well-head protection area (WHP A) and to protect the groundwater from the impact of nitrate loading from potential nonpoint and point sources, Hastings Utilities subcontracted with the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture at the University of Nebraska for deep vadose zone coring. Continuous 60-ft soil cores were obtained at 36 sites within the apparent WHP A (Figure 1). The sites were selected by Marty Stange on the basis of availability for sampling, management, landuse , cropping history, and location within the WHPA. Nitrogen analyses of these deep soil …

Genome-Wide Analysis Of Syntenic Gene Deletion In The Grasses, James C. Schnable, Michael Freeling, Eric Lyons

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The grasses, Poaceae, are one of the largest and most successful angiosperm families. Like many radiations of flowering plants, the divergence of the major grass lineages was preceded by a whole-genome duplication (WGD), although these events are not rare for flowering plants. By combining identification of syntenic gene blocks with measures of gene pair divergence and different frequencies of ancient gene loss, we have separated the two subgenomes present in modern grasses. Reciprocal loss of duplicated genes or genomic regions has been hypothesized to reproductively isolate populations and, thus, speciation. However, in contrast to previous studies in yeast and teleost …

Cambio Climático Reduciría Cultivos: El País Vería Una Baja De Entre Un 20% Y 50% En El Rendimiento Del Frijol, Maíz Y Sorgo, Por El Incremento En Las Temperaturas, Según Un Informe De La Universidad Estatal De Kansas, Rosa María Pastrán

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

El aumento de la temperatura que se producirá en los próximos 50 años, a consecuencia del cambio climático, provocaría una reducción en la producción de granos básicos en El Salvador, según un estudio del Departamento de Agronomía de la Universidad Estatal de Kansas, Estados Unidos.

En el caso de El Salvador, la investigación encontró que la temperatura actual incrementará entre 3 y 5 grados centígrados (°C). Este aumento afectará, de manera progresiva, el rendimiento de cultivos como frijol, maíz y sorgo, de acuerdo con lo que explicó el profesor Vara Prasad, quien presentó el estudio en el país.

El cultivo …

Varietal Release History (2006-2012) Of Intsormil-Supported Nars Breeding Programs, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Spreadsheet of varietal release history for sorghum and pearl millet, by year, of INTSORMIL-supported national agricultural research systems breeding programs. Includes country, name of variety, on-farm yield, yield of local check variety, amount of seed produced (including breeder and whether Basic/Foundation certified), qualities other than yield (such as drought tolerance, forage quality, food type, etc.), and additional comments, such as whether birds will attack the crop at a particular time during the growing process, etc.

Country data for: Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Uganda, Zambia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Sorgo Sureño Normal: El Sorgo Tradicional De Honduras De Doble Proposito, Alberto Morán Araujo, Miriam Villeda

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Origen: En Honduras, el Sorgo Sureño Normal ingresó a la estación experimental La Lujosa, en Choluteca, en el año de 1982, por medio del vivero de resistencia a l a i n t e m p e r i e , d o n d e s e seleccionó por su rendimiento, adaptación y calidad tortillera.

El Sorgo Sureño Normal fue liberado por la Secretaría de Recursos Naturales (SRN) y el Programa Internacional de Sorgo y Mijo (INTSORMIL) en 1985.

Adaptación: Sureño Normal se adapta a climas secos y calientes, suelos pobres, en condiciones de sequía y exceso de humedad …

“Manual Para La Molienda De Sorgo O Maicillo, Usando Molinos Cti De Discos”, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

IMPORTANCIA EN LA NUTRICIÓN Y SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA

Los molinos CTI fueron introducidos por la ONG Tecnologia compatible internacional en el ano 2009, con la ayuda del proyecto CENTA‐INTSORMIL/USAID, para facilitar los procesos de molienda de granos en El Salvador, en especial para ser utilizados en la molienda de sorgo o maicillo. Existen ya un aproximado de 12 molinos en el país, los cuales están siendo utilizados por asociaciones de productores de sorgo, cooperativas, asociaciones de mujeres rurales, pequeñas empresas de alimentos y personas particulares, para la elaboración de diversos productos alimenticios, los cuales son usados para la alimentación familiar o …

Igrow Wheat: Best Management Practices For Wheat Production, David C. Clay, C. Gregg Carlson, Kevin Dalsted

Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Books

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Economic Impact Of The New Insensitive Sorghum Cultivars In The Dairy Market Of Nicaragua, Gabriel Garcia Gomez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

This thesis estimates the benefits and returns to consumers, processors, producers and society of the new insensitive sorghum cultivars used for the dairy production in Nicaraguan. Many dairy producers also sell their grain so sorghum production is a multi-product activity.

The breeding project of INTA developed cultivars for simultaneous use in dairy and grain production. Its first release was Pinolero-1 developed during the Nicaraguan civil war. This cultivar was rapidly adopted by farmers after the end of the war in 1990. Subsequently, five more new cultivars have been released. We consider their combined effects.

Through field surveys, we calculated the …

Sorgo Dicta - 10 Bmr: Sorgo De Doble Propósito Especial Para Ensilaje, Alberto Morán Araujo, Miriam Villeda

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

La Dirección de Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (DICTA), con el propósito de mejorar la productividad de la ganadería en Honduras, produce la variedad de sorgo DICTA‐10 BMR.

Con esta variedad de sorgo, DICTA contribuye con la seguridad alimentaria de las familias productoras, de escasos recursos.

Esta variedad proviene de la variedad de sorgo CENTA S2 a la que se le introdujeron los genes “BMR 12,” cuya característica más evidente es que la vena central de las hojas es de color café.

Este sorgo de nervadura marrón o BMR (Brown Middle Rib) se caracteriza por tener contenidos bajos de lignina.

El …

Distribution Of Genes And Repetitive Elements In The Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Genome Estimated Using Bac Sequencing, Brad S. Coates, Analiza P. Alves, Haichuan Wang, Kimberly K. O. Walden, B. Wade French, Nicholas J. Miller, Craig A. Abel, Hugh M. Robertson, Thomas W. Sappington, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Feeding damage caused by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is destructive to corn plants in North America and Europe where control remains challenging due to evolution of resistance to chemical and transgenic toxins. A BAC library, DvvBAC1, containing 109,486 clones with 104 ± 34.5 kb inserts was created, which has an ~4.56X genome coverage based upon a 2.58 Gb (2.80 pg) flow cytometry-estimated haploid genome size. Paired end sequencing of 1037 BAC inserts produced 1.17Mb of data (~0.05% genome coverage) and indicated ~9.4 and 16.0% of reads encode, respectively, endogenous genes and transposable elements (TEs). …

Brown Midrib2 (Bmr2) Encodes The Major 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Involved In Lignin Biosynthesis In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench), Ana Saballos, Scott Sattler, Emiliano Sanchez, Timothy P. Foster, Zhanguo Xin, Chulhee Kang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Wilfred Vermerris

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Successful modification of plant cell-wall composition without compromising plant integrity is dependent on being able to modify the expression of specific genes, but this can be very challenging when the target genes are members of multigene families. 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) catalyzes the formation of 4-coumaroyl CoA, a precursor of both flavonoids and monolignols, and is an attractive target for transgenic down-regulation aimed at improving agro-industrial properties. Inconsistent phenotypes of transgenic plants have been attributed to variable levels of down-regulation of multiple 4CL genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the sorghum genome revealed 24 4CL(-like) proteins, five of which cluster with bona fide …

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Of Saturated Fatty Acids In A Population Of Recombinant Inbred Lines Of Soybean, Xianzhi Wang, Guo-Liang Jiang, Marci Green, Roy A. Scott, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop which contributes approximately 58% of the world’s oilseed production. Palmitic and stearic acids are the two main saturated fatty acids in soybean oil. Different levels of saturated fatty acids are desired depending on the uses of the soybean oil. Vegetable oil low in saturated fatty acids is preferred for human consumption, while for industrial applications, soybean oil with higher levels of saturated fatty acids is more suitable. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for saturated fatty acids, analyze the genetic effects of single QTL …

Natural Variation In Iron Use Efficiency And Mineral Remobilization In Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus), Brian M. Waters, Grace Troupe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Aims: Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, and plant-available Fe is often limited in alkaline soils. Fe deficiency chlorosis decreases plant growth and yield. Identification of germplasm with high and low Fe use efficiency will allow studies to better understand the genetic components for breeding Fe efficient varieties.

Methods: A screen using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings identified varieties that maintained contrasting levels of chlorophyll under Fe deficiency or limitation. A time course of mineral dynamics in cotyledons was conducted.

Results: The variety Ashley had the highest chlorophyll under Fe deficiency and per unit Fe in the leaf, while …

The Effects Of Climate On The Growth Of Winter Wheat And Spring Barley In An Irish Context, Adrian Kennedy

Theses

The climate of earth is always changing due to natural events, however it is thought that the rapid warming period currently taking place is primarily due human activity to (environmental protection agency 2012). Climate change is altering the environment and this will have consequences for agriculture (Teagasc publications 2012). In this study we examine the relationship between weather and the yield of winter wheat and spring barley in an Irish context using data gathered from 2004-2010 at the Teagasc Oak Park research centre in Carlow. The data was analysed using a mixed effect model to test which if any weather …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 13 2012, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Modeling An Improvement In Phosphorus Utilization In Tropical Agriculture, David Edelstein, David J. Tonjes

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Studies of Terra Preta soils have generated interest in recreating their fertility elsewhere. Much of the research has focused on soil amendment charcoal (“biochar”). Terra Preta also contains bone fragments, producing a high concentration of phosphorus. Some forecast worldwide declines in phosphorus supplies, and better agricultural system management is required to improve phosphorus use efficiency. A conceptual model is offered to consider the influence of charcoal on bioavailability of phosphorus. The model describes a system where improvements in the chemical and biological condition of the soil result in increased phosphorus availability and cycling. Mechanisms of phosphorus/charcoal interaction are considered, and …

Validation Of Fhb1 And Qfhs.Nau-2dl In Several Soft Red Winter Wheat Populations, Ana L. Balut

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The use of exotic resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) provides one strategy for breeding wheat cultivars resistant to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), a devastating disease of wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two QTL, Fhb1 and QFhs.nau-2DL, in diverse genetic backgrounds and to evaluate their effects on agronomic and quality traits. Five populations from crosses between FHB susceptible parents (26R58, KY97C-0574-01, 25R54, KY97C, KY97C-0554-02, 25R78 and KY93C-1238-17-1) and FHB-resistant VA01W-476, were evaluated in the FHB nursery at Lexington, KY in 2010 and 2011. The populations were also grown in yield trials at Lexington …

Superweeds And Suspect Seeds: Does The Genetically-Engineered Crop Deregulation Process Put American Agriculture At Risk, Margaret Sova Mccabe

Law Faculty Scholarship

The federal government’s regulatory approach to genetically engineered (GE) crops, known as “The Framework”, is now twenty-five years old. Despite two and half decades of a consistent regulatory regime, GE crop and food regulation remains controversial. This article suggests that regulatory science and its tenets of independence, transparency, and public science should guide reforms of The Framework so that it is an efficient and reliable regulatory system. The article has four parts: 1) it provides a brief overview of the history of GE crop regulation; 2)it describes the key attributes of The Framework and related regulatory documents, with particular focus …