Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Microsatellite Variations Of Elite Setaria Varieties Released During Last Six Decades In China, Guanqing Jia, Xiaotong Liu, James C. Schnable, Zhengang Niu, Chunfang Wang, Yuhui Li, Shujun Wang, Suying Wang, Jinrong Liu, Erhu Guo, Hui Zhi, Xianmin Diao

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Crop improvement is a multifaceted micro-evolutionary process, involving changes in breeding approaches, planting configurations and consumption preferences of human beings. Recent research has started to identify the specific genes or genomic regions correlate to improved agronomic traits, however, an apparent blank between the genetic structure of crop elite varieties and their improving histories in diverse modern breeding programs is still in existence. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) was one of the earliest cereal crops to be domesticated and served as a staple crop for early civilizations in China, where it is still widely grown today. In the present trial, …

Rice Grain Yield And Nitrogen Uptake And Ammonia Volatilization From Urea As Affected By Urea Amendment And Simulated Rainfall, Randy Dempsey

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The effect of rainfall between urea application and flood establishment on N loss and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) has not been studied. The first research objective was to compare the effects of simulated rainfall amounts and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) urease inhibitor rate on NH3 volatilization and rice growth. Three field experiments were conducted and NH3 volatilization was measured in two experiments for 11 days after urea application (DAU) in semi-open chambers. Urea or NBPT-treated urea (NBPT-Urea) was subjected to six simulated rainfall amounts (0-25 mm) applied 5 to 15 h after urea application and flooded 7 …

Physiological And Nutritional Characterization Of High Yield Soybean, Ryan John Van Roekel

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yields greater than three times the national average have been reported in yield contests. Characterization of soybean in a maximum yield environment is necessary to provide empirical data to support those yield claims and to provide an understanding of the physiological processes at that yield level. From 2011 to 2013, research characterized biomass and N accumulation rates, radiation use efficiency (RUE), leaf N dynamics, the rate of harvest index increase (dry matter allocation coefficient, DMAC), seedfill period (SFP), and grain yield components from Mr. Kip Cullers' contest fields and in small plots at the …

Postharvest Degradation Of Microalgae: Effect Of Temperature And Water Activity, Jacob A. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Though usually a nuisance in swimming pools and ponds, algae has the potential to be a valuable commodity for use as food and fuel. But before algae butter and biofuel become commonplace, issues with harvesting and storing this new crop need to be overcome. Though there has been ample research into how to grow and use algae, scientists have spent little time figuring out what to do after you pull it out of the water and before you eat it (or turn it into biodiesel). Algae, like all food products, starts to spoil as soon as it is harvested.

This …

Methane Emissions From Direct-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice Grown On A Clay Soil, Alden Daniel Smartt

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Due to the production of methane (CH4) under flooded-soil conditions, rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is a major contributor to agricultural CH4 emissions. Studies examining CH4 emissions from rice have only recently been initiated in Arkansas and no data have been collected from rice produced on clay soils in Arkansas. Therefore, research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, Arkansas to examine the factors affecting CH4 emissions from rice produced on a Sharkey clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquerts). The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the effect of vegetation …

Use Of Fluridone For Control Of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) In Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) And On Ditchbanks, Zachary Thornton Hill

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Since 2006, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth has been considered the most problematic weed in agronomic crops across the Midsouth. As a result of glyphosate resistance, producers began to again utilize a diverse herbicide program for management of this weed, which consists of several soil-residual herbicides most notably diuron, fluometuron, fomesafen, and metolachlor. Fluridone inhibits phytoene desaturase in plants, and is unique in that its mechanism of action (MOA) is not currently registered for use in cotton. Studies were conducted to determine the length of residual that fluridone provides in controlling Palmer amaranth in Arkansas glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant cotton programs and along …

Field Evaluation Of A Push-Pull System To Reduce Malaria Transmission, David J. Menger, Philemon Omusula, Maarten Holdinga, Tobias Homan, Ana S. Carreira, Patrice Vandendaele, Jean Luc Derycke, Collins K. Mweresa, Wolfgang Richard Mukabana, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Willem Takken

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Malaria continues to place a disease burden on millions of people throughout the tropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although efforts to control mosquito populations and reduce human-vector contact, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, have led to significant decreases in malaria incidence, further progress is now threatened by the widespread development of physiological and behavioural insecticide-resistance as well as changes in the composition of vector populations. A mosquito-directed push-pull system based on the simultaneous use of attractive and repellent volatiles offers a complementary tool to existing vector-control methods. In this study, the combination of a trap baited …

Impact Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On The Physiology Of Maize Genotypes Under Variable Nitrogen And Phosphorus Levels, Roberto Crespo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

It is important to increase our understanding of AM fungal and maize genotype interactions, the impact of N and P fertilization and water condition on the symbiosis, and on the physiology and nutritional status of maize plants. In two greenhouse experiments AM inoculated plants exhibited root colonization values around 70% which was confirmed by the presence of the AM lipid biomarker (C16:1cis11). Nitrogen fertilization increased AM root colonization, but only compared to unfertilized plants. Root colonization and biomarker concentration in root and soil were similar among inoculated maize genotypes across conventional and drought tolerant hybrids. Mycorrhizal inoculation had a positive …

Producing Quality Barley For The Malting Industry, Haley H. Oser Dph

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

The University of Nebraska – Lincoln Doctor of Plant Health program requires each student to fulfill a professional internship over the last summer of the program. For my internship, I worked as a Barley Scientist Intern for MillerCoors and Golden Malting in Golden, Colorado. During this internship I gained a fundamental understanding of malting barley production with a significant emphasis on grain quality. Barley produced for malting must fulfill strict industry quality standards before it is accepted by the head maltsters. These quality standards include: a high germination rate, low moisture content, protein content within an acceptable range and the …

The Suitability Of Energy Beets For Double-Cropping With Soybeans In The Arkansas Delta, Tyler Caleb Meadors

Student Theses and Dissertations

The climate of the midsouthern USA allows increased potential for crop productivity through the double-crop production system (DCPS), by way of more intensive land usage. Despite this potential, DCPS utilization has decreased in Arkansas over the past 10 years, due, in part, to delayed soybean planting. An alternative winter crop with earlier harvest timing than winter wheat could lessen this risk, yet still capitalize on the area's winter crop potential. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic viability of an energy beet/soybean DCPS in Arkansas. A field study was conducted in Jonesboro, AR from September 2012 to …

Soil Total Organic Carbon And Farmers’ Perceptions Associated With Bokashi Application In Cerro Punta, Panama, Emma Searson

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Sustainable use and maintenance of agricultural soils are important for maintaining long-term agricultural productivity and environmental quality. These issues are especially important in Cerro Punta, known as the breadbasket of Panama, which is experiencing severe erosion. While current practices and agrochemical usage damage soil health and function over time, application of organic material improves soil physic-chemical properties such as nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) content. Bokashi, a fermented organic soil amendment with effective microorganisms (EM), is thought to be especially beneficial due to its ability to augment populations of soil microbes, which deliver plant-available nutrients to crops and improve …

Screening Arabidopsis Accessions For Alkaline Stress Tolerance, Yuzhi Chen, Brian M. Waters

UCARE: Research Products

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Will there be differences between Arabidopsis accessions for alkaline stress tolerance in potting mix growth conditions?

2. Will there be differences for fluorescent concentration between inside and outside roots in hydroponic system?

3. Will there be differences for fluorescent concentration between different Arabidopsis accessions in hydroponic system?

Cover Crop And No-Till Effects On Soil Health Properties In Indiana, Sara Alford

Open Access Theses

A growing concern of soil health and long-term sustainability has increased interest in no-till and cover crops in the Midwest. Some of the challenges with no-till in the Midwest can be higher soil moisture and lower soil temperatures at cash crop planting in the spring, planter adjustment issues, and lack of immediate economic benefit. Cover crops also have some of the same issues along with extra cost of seed and termination, mismanagement of cover crops, and lack of knowledge on the benefits and costs. This project was begun in order to quantify the effects of no-till and cover crops on …

Genetic Analysis Of Nitrogen Remobilization And Kernel Compositon In Zea Mays L. And Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench, Raymond S Lindsey

Open Access Dissertations

Genetic Analysis of Nitrogen Remobilization and Kernel Composition in Zea Mays L. and Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench. Major Professor: Mitchell Tuinstra. Modern maize (Zea mays L.) production relies heavily on nitrogen fertilization for high productivity. Over-application of nitrogen fertilizers in cropping systems can have detrimental economic and environmental effects. For this reason, improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is a major goal of breeders and producers. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) is one component of NUE, and the most important component under N-limited conditions. In this study we examined the genetic controls of the timing and preferential canopy position of leaf N …

Genetic, Agronomic And Compositional Characterization Of Brown Midrib Sweet Sorghum Lignocellulosic Biomass For Ethanol Production, Luis A. Rivera Burgos

Open Access Dissertations

Sorghum is a promising bioenergy crop due to its unique phenotypic and genotypic attributes. Quality (low lignin and high stem sugar concentration) and quantity (biomass yield, plant height, plant maturity, etc.) biomass traits are key contributors to ethanol yield and production. In this study, a 236 sorghum recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was subjected to genetic, agronomic and compositional characterization for ethanol yield and production. We found that the sweet mutation enhances biomass quantity traits in the RILs which translates to higher ethanol production and biomass quality which improves ethanol yield. The variance components showed from moderate to high heritability …

Utilization Of Tall Wheatgrass Translocation Lines To Improve Fusarium Head Blight Resistance In Wheat, Xiangye Xiao

Open Access Dissertations

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and leaf rust (LR) are two major fungal pathogens threatening the wheat crop, consequently identifying resistance genes from various sources is always of importance to wheat breeders. Type II FHB resistance in wheat has been improved by introgressing QTL from landraces and wild species. The present study was undertaken to (1) combine two different type II FHB resistance QTL in the backgrounds of six adapted wheat lines (2) improve the map resolution of Qfhs.pur-7EL.^ In the first objective, the FHB resistance gene Fhb1 originated in a Chinese wheat cultivar and is located on wheat chromosome …

Produktivitas Tanaman Dan Kehilangan Hasil Tanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Kultivar Ciherang Pada Kombinasi Jarak Tanam Dengan Frekuensi Penyiangan Berbeda, Dedi Widayat, C. O. Purba

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menge-tahui pengaruh kombinasi jarak tanam dan frekuensi penyiangan gulma yang berbeda terhadap produktivitas dan kehilangan hasil padi sawah kultivar Ciherang. Percobaan ini dilak-sanakan di lahan sawah Sanggar Penelitian Latihan dan Pengembangan Pertanian (SPLPP) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran unit Ciparay dari bulan November 2010 sampai Februari 2011. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari dua belas perlakuan, dengan tiga kali ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut: A (jarak tanam 25 x 25 cm dengan tanpa penyiangan), B (jarak tanam 25 x 25 cm dengan disiang satu kali), C (jarak tanam …

Rekayasa Ekofisiologis Tanaman Teh Belum Menghasilkan Klon Gmb 7 Melalui Pemberian Asam Humat Dan Pupuk Hayati Konsorsium, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Santi Rosniawaty, Cucu Suherman

Jurnal Kultivasi

Teh merupakan komoditas perkebunan penting di Indonesia. Rekayasa ekologis yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman teh di perkebunan adalah melalui tindakan pemupukan. Sejalan dengan prinsip pertanian berkelanjutan kini pihak pekebun pada umumnya menggunakan input yang lebih ramah lingkungan, diantaranya dengan menggunakan asam humat dan pupuk hayati konsorsium. Saat ini asam humat telah dimanfaatkan sebagai pelengkap pupuk yang dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan pupuk dan meningkatkan pertum-buhan tanaman. Selain asam humat, salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman teh belum menghasilkan adalah dengan pemeberian pupuk hayati konsorsium yang terdiri dari bakteri pelarutf posfat, bakteri penambat nitrogen dan bakteri pelarut kalium.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk …

Herbisida Campuran Imazapic 262,5 G.L-1 Dan Imazapir 87,5 G.L-1 Sebagai Pengendali Gulma Umum Pada Budidaya Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.), Uum Umiyati, Denny Kurniadie, A. F. Pratama

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tebu adalah tanaman yang menghasilkan bahan pemanis berupa gula pasir.Hasil gula pasir dapat menurun akibat kompetisi gulma. Pengendalian menggunakan herbisida dapat menekan gulma dan meningkatkan pertum-buhan tanaman tebu. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis aplikasi herbisida campuran Imazapic 262,5 g.L-1 dan Imazapir 87,5 g.L-1 yang terbaik dalam mengendalikan gulma umum di lahan budidaya tebu. Perco-baan dilakukan di PG. Rajawali, Cirebon, Jawa Barat pada bulan Maret - Mei 2014. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Sederhana yang terdiri dari tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari A) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan Imazapir dengan dosis 0,75 l.ha-1, B) herbisida campuran Imazapic dan …

Pemanfaatan Urin Kelinci Dan Urin Sapi Sebagai Alternatif Pupuk Organik Cairpada Pembibitan Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.), Santi Rosniawaty, Rija Sudirja, H. Afrianto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Pembibitan merupakan awal dari pertum-buhan tanaman. Bibit yang baik akan menghasil-kan tanaman yang berproduksi baik pula. Pemupukan merupakan salah satu hal penting dalam menghasilkan bibit yang baik. Peman-faatan urin kelinci dan urin sapi diharapkan dapat menjadi pupuk alternatif untuk pembi-bitan kakao. Percobaan telah di laksanakan pada bulan April-Agustus 2013 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje fakultas Pertanian Unpad, dengan ordo Inceptisol dan tipe curah hujan menurut klasifikasi Schmidt Ferguson. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah beberapa konsentrasi urin kelinci, konsentrasi urin sapi dan kombinasi urin dengan pupuk anorganik. Urin kelinci dan urin sapi difermentasikan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan. Rancangan percobaan yang diguna-kan adalah Rancangan …