Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Potassium Deficiency On Uptake And Partitioning In The Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Plant And Detection By A Crop Reflectance Sensor, Taylor Dayne Coomer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

For cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to grow and develop normally, plants need to uptake the necessary amount of nutrients and use those nutrients in a beneficial fashion. It is recognized that cotton needs a certain tissue concentration of ions to achieve and maintain growth rates (Siddiqi et al., 1987). One of the most essential and abundant nutrients in cotton is potassium (K), second only by mass to nitrogen (N) (Marschner, 1995; Oosterhuis et al., 2013). Potassium exists in the soil in four separate pools and moves through soil to roots mainly through diffusion (Rengel & Damon, 2008; Samal et al., …

Effects Of Delayed Drying And Storage Conditions On Milling, Color, And Viscosity Properties Of Rice, Kathryn Nicole Haydon

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Head rice yields (HRYs), kernel discoloration, and functional properties are three hallmarks of rice quality, and can be impacted after harvest by storage conditions. This study evaluated impacts on rice quality due to controlled storage at moisture contents (MCs), temperatures, and storage durations that may be incurred during Mid-South rice farming practices. Three hybrid, long-grain cultivars, harvested in Arkansas in 2014 and 2015, were stored in rough rice form at 4 MCs (12.5%, 16%, 19%, and 21%), and 5 temperatures (10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 27°C, and 40°C), for 16 weeks, with samples taken every 2 weeks. After drying and milling, HRYs, …

Assessment Of An Industrial Type Radiant Heating System For Drying Rough Rice, Anne Adhiambo Okeyo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rough rice is normally harvested at moisture contents (MCs) higher than that for safe storage. The objective for this study was to investigate the effectiveness of scaled-up infrared (IR) heating followed by tempering steps to dry freshly-harvested rough rice. An industrial type, pilot scale, IR drying equipment, designed to convey rough rice on a vibrating conveyor belt was used in this study. The heating zone of the equipment had catalytic IR emitters powered by natural gas. Freshly-harvested rough rice of long-grain pureline (cv. Cheniere), long-grain hybrid (cv. 6XP 756) and medium-grain (cv. CL 271) cultivars at initial moisture contents (IMCs) …

Influence Of Fatty Acids And Their Derivatives On Aphid Resistance In Arabidopsis And Tomato, Jiamei Li

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are enzymes that act in the chloroplast or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to incorporate double bonds into the acyl chains of fatty acids, and recent evidence indicates that at least one of these enzymes, FAD7, also influences plant resistance to aphids. FAD7 is an enzyme in the chloroplast that is found throughout the plant kingdom and that desaturates 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids (FAs) with two double bonds (dienoic acids) to generate FAs with three double bonds (trienoic acids). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants with impaired FAD7 function are more …

Managing Drought Stress In California Agricultural Systems, Gregory D. Brittain Jr.

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

California is currently facing a historic drought, and this has led many farmers in the state to severely cut back on irrigation. Optimal use of water for irrigation requires a comprehensive understanding of how plants respond physiologically to water stress (Chapter 1). By monitoring water requirements in crops and managing irrigation to meet those requirements, growers can significantly reduce water use (Chapter 2). This can be done through improving application efficiency of irrigation technology as well as increasing the water use efficiency of the crops themselves. Deficit irrigation practices can be used to manipulate the physiology of water use in …

Aphid Performance Changes With Plant Defense Mediated By Cucumber Mosaic Virus Titer, Xiaobin Shi, Yang Gao, Shuo Yan, Xin Tang, Xuguo Zhou, Deyong Zhang, Yong Liu

Entomology Faculty Publications

Background: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes appreciable losses in vegetables, ornamentals and agricultural crops. The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Aphididae) is one of the most efficient vectors for CMV. The transmission ecology of aphid-vectored CMV has been well investigated. However, the detailed description of the dynamic change in the plant-CMV-aphid interaction associated with plant defense and virus epidemics is not well known.

Results: In this report, we investigated the relationship of virus titer with plant defense of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) during the different infection time and their interaction with aphids in CMV-infected tobacco plants. …

A Vision For Extension: Case Studies On Managing Extreme Weather Challenges In Corn, Anthony J. Mcmechan

Doctor of Plant Health Program: Dissertations and Student Research

Global demand for corn is projected to rise in the coming decades to meet the food and fuel requirements of an increasing human population. Technological innovations have significantly improved corn yields over the past few decades; however, corn production is continually limited by unfavorable weather conditions. Extreme weather events put pressure on producers, adjustors, and consultants to make quick management decisions to maintain the highest return on their investment. Proper management decisions require an understanding of plant response and practical ways of applying this knowledge under real world conditions.

The following document was written after completing a six-month internship at …

Biology, Gene Flow, And Management Of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis Sauer) In Nebraska, Debalin Sarangi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Common waterhemp is the most troublesome weed in the midwestern United States. Growers from Nebraska reported failure to control common waterhemp following sequential applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean, which led to moderate to severe yield loss; justifying the need to confirm resistance and study the biology and management of common waterhemp. The objectives of this research were: 1) to confirm the presence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) common waterhemp biotypes in Nebraska and to evaluate their sensitivity to herbicides belonging to alternative sites-of-action; 2) to evaluate the response of common waterhemp to water stress; 3) to quantify pollen-mediated gene …

On-Farm Demonstration Of Computerized Hole Selection Programs In Arkansas Commercial Soybean And Cotton Fields And Evaluation Of Polyacrylamide In Plot-Scale Furrow Irrigated Cotton, Austin Lorenzo Lewis

Student Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater depletion is a rising concern in the Midsouth region of the U.S. Many crops depend on the use of groundwater in order to meet water demands and potentially reach higher yields. Products and practices have been developed to conserve both groundwater and surface water by using easily collected field data to improve irrigation advance uniformity, infiltration, irrigation runoff water quality, and reduce irrigation runoff. A field demonstration was initiated to determine the value of incorporating the computerized hole selection program, Pipe Planner, into two commercial cotton fields and two commercial soybean fields. The cotton fields were located in Judd …

Micronutrient Foliar Analysis And Supplementation In Nutrient Management For High Yield Maize (Zea Mays L.), Zachary P. Stewart

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Micronutrient supplementation in maize production is of growing interest to producers and agronomists as means to further increase yield as other crop needs are increasingly met. Plant tissue and soil sampling for micronutrient concentrations have been used to determine likely responses to micronutrient supplementation. Nebraska soils are generally micronutrient sufficient and usually do not have soil or plant tissue micronutrient concentrations below critical levels, however, during precise periods where specific micronutrients are in greatest need due to physiological demands, there may be opportunity for micronutrient supplementation to increase grain yield. The compiled chapters indicate that in most scenarios in Nebraska, …

Regeneration And Transformation Of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Iqbal Singh

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Common bean is the most important grain legume for direct human consumption and serves as main source of dietary protein for millions of people in developing world. Genetic transformation methods can serve as an important tool to complement traditional plant breeding methods for common bean improvement. Low transformation frequencies and unstable genetic integration associated with biolistic methods limits its use for routine transformation of common bean. In an attempt to develop Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation protocol for common bean, potential of primary leaves as an explant was analyzed following unsuccessful results with other tissues. Primary leaf explants were prepared from …

Analisis Penurunan Produksi Tanaman Padi Akibat Perubahan Iklim Di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat, Ruminta

Jurnal Kultivasi

Perubahan iklim mempunyai pengaruh signifikan pada budidaya tanaman padi, karena budidaya tanaman padi mempunyai ketergan-tungan yang kuat terhadap unsur iklim terutama curah hujan dan temperatur. Terkait dengan hal itu telah dilakukan kajian dampak perubahan iklim terhadap penurunan produksi tanaman padi di wilayah kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan unsur iklim (curah hujan dan temperature) terhadap produksi tanaman padi dan mengidentifikasi usaha adaptasi yang harus dilakukan oleh para petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak perubahan iklim di wilayah kabupaten Bandung sudah dirasakan oleh petani yang diindikasikan oleh bergesernya musim tanam dan waktu panen, penurunan luas tanam dan …

Pengaruh Pemberian Gibberellin Dan Sitokinin Pada Konsentrasi Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Gandum (Triticum Aestivum L.) Di Dataran Medium Jatinangor, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Tati Nurmala, Aep Wawan Irwan, Annisa Sarah Utami Putri

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum yang maksimum di dataran medium melalui pemberian giberelin dan sitokinin dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Percobaan dilakukan sejak Maret hingga Agustus 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padja-djaran, Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian tempat yaitu ± 750 m di atas permukaan laut.Rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan rancangan perlakuan faktorial. Perla-kuan terdiri dari dua faktor, masing-masing terdiri dari tiga taraf,yang diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi giberelin, terdiri dari taraf 150 ppm, 250 ppm, dan 350 ppm. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi sitokinin, terdiri dari taraf 20, 40, dan 60 ppm. …

Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Toleran Herbisida Akibat Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Herbisida Ipa Glifosat 486 G/L, Agus Wahyudin, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, D. F. Sari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Jagung merupakan salah satu serealia yang strategis di Indonesia. Jagung mempunyai peluang untuk dikembangkan karena fungsinya sebagai bahan pangan utama dan sebagai sumber bahan pakan ternak. Penggunaan tanaman jagung PRG toleran herbisida glifosat diharapkan dapat mengurangi penurunan hasil tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai dosis herbisida glifosat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) PRG toleran herbisida glifosat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, kecamatan Jatinangor, kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat pada bulan Desember 2014 hingga April 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan …

Information Thermodynamics Of Cytosine Dna Methylation, Robersy Sanchez Rodriguez, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cytosine DNA methylation (CDM) is a stable epigenetic modification to the genome and a widespread regulatory process in living organisms that involves multicomponent molecular machines. Genome-wide cytosine methylation patterning participates in the epigenetic reprogramming of a cell, suggesting that the biological information contained within methylation positions may be amenable to decoding. Adaptation to a new cellular or organismal environment also implies the potential for genome-wide redistribution of CDM changes that will ensure the stability of DNA molecules. This raises the question of whether or not we would be able to sort out the regulatory methylation signals from the CDM background …

How Can Agroforestry Help Landowners Adapt To Increased Rain Intensity?

Working Trees (USDA-NAC)

Agroforestry practices can help landowners adapt to increased rain intensity.

2016 Barley Variety Fact Sheets For Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Georgia Trainor, Sanjiv Gupta, Sarah J. Collins, Harmohinder Dhammu, Ben Biddulph

Bulletins 4000 -

This bulletin is designed to highlight the agronomic traits (grain yield, disease resistance, phenology, herbicide tolerance) present in malt, food and feed barley varieties of relevance to Western Australian barley growers. Each varietal fact sheet also contains comments about market use, target seed rate in kg/ha, weed competitiveness, whether the seed is available for grower-to-grower trading and the end point royalty payable on delivery.

Characterizing Genotype X Management Interactions On Soybean Seed Yield, David A. Marburger, Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, John M. Orlowski, Eric W. Wilson, Shaun N. Casteel, Chad D. Lee, Seth L. Naeve, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William J. Ross, Kurt D. Thelen, Shawn P. Conley

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] commodity prices in recent years have generated interest in high-input systems to increase yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of current, high-yielding cultivars under high- and low-input systems on soybean yield and yield components. Research trials were conducted at 19 locations spanning nine states from 2012 to 2014. At each location, six high-yielding cultivars were grown under three input systems: (i) standard practice (SP, current recommended practices), (ii) high-input treatment consisting of a seed treatment fungicide, insecticide, nematistat, inoculant, and lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO); soil-applied N fertilizer; foliar LCO, fertilizer, …

Ws-2 Introgression In A Proportion Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Col-0 Stock Seed Produces Specific Phenotypes And Highlights The Importance Of Routine Genetic Verification, Mon-Ray Shao, Vikas Shedge, Hardik Kundariya, Fredric R. Lehle, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model organism with a robust network of resources that has been of enormous value to the plant science research community. The use of isogenic material as a reference point or control is critical for many types of experiments in plant molecular biology and genetics. Recently, we noticed that some seed from a common source of the widely used Columbia-0 (Col-0) strain gave rise to plants showing features atypical for this strain. Whole-genome DNA-sequencing and allelespecific PCR assays confirmed that the abnormal individuals contain multiple introgressions from the ecotype Wassilewskija-2 (Ws-2), as described below. This …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2015, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.