Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Nitrogen Mineralization In Peat Soils Under Grassland, R Bartels, H Kuntze, B Scheffer, I Campino

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrogen mineralization in peat soil under grassland was measured after different nitrogen fertilization. Dependent on the N- level in these N- rich soils and their high mineralization rate the increase of dry matter yield is relative small. Fertilizer ammonium is rapidly oxidized to nitrate. According to the nitrate content during the vegetation period in spring, when these acid soils are wet and cold, plants need a higher ammonium or nitrate supply by nitrogen fertilizing.

The Effect Of Interseeding Rye (Secale Cereale L.) In Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon Dactylon L. Pers.) On Nitrogen Recovery From Broiler Litter Application, S R. Wilkinson, M L. Dudzinsky, R N. Dawson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A seven-year study was conducted to evaluate the effect of interseeding rye into Coastal bermudagrass during its dormant season on the total yield, and the fate of nitrogen (N) from litter application rates of 45 T.ha. -1yr-1 for four years follwed by a residual phase of three years (fertilization for maximum yield), and 177 T.ha-1yr-1 for two years followed by a residual phase of 5 years ( disposal rate). At the fertilization rate, yield and N recovery in forage were increased by interseeding rye. Concentrations of NO3-N in water percolating past 122 cm were dramatically reduced. Percolate NO3-N losses from …

Manurial Value Of By-Product From The Marine Industry On The Growth Of Oat, H Takizawa, H Nagai, H Miyazaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are many sorts of discharge around the marine industry in Hokkaido. An attempt was carried out to process one of the discharges, to be called Froth or Scum, some of which contains ether-extract (Lipid) at concentration more than 60%, moreover to evaluate the manurial value of raw material by oat in comparison with it fermented aerobically. Even the Froth having more than 60% of Lipid could be processed on mixing fermented material in proportion to 10%, which resulted in making it 30% below. Variability of moisture content, pH value and nutrient composition, Lipid content on DM of pre to …

Studies On The Phosphorus Utilization Of Orchardgrass And Ladino Clover As Affected By Compost Application In Volcanic Ash Soils, M C. Kim, D A. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The growth response of pasture species on phosphorus utilization of two compost application methods was compared on black and very dark brown volcanic ash soils. With the exception of orchardgrass in very dark brown soils, the establishment of pasture species was reduced if seed was mixed with P-fertilizer and compost when compared with no compost or compost treatment not mixed with seed and fertilizer.

Compost treatment caused increasing dry matter yields of pasture in the two soil types tested. However, Jadino clover, grown in black soil, did not benefit from compost treatment. There was a higher P content of pasture …

Studies On The Sulfur Nutrition Of Forage Crops, S Ogata, K Kouno, S Kobayashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Greenhouse experiments and field surveys were conducted (1) to evaluate the S-supplying capacity of soil in Chugoku area, and (2) to determine some diagnostic criteria by which S-status of plants can simply be assessed, and (3) to find out a critical S values in several forage crops. The results obtained are as in the following; 1) The S-supplying capacity of soil is estimated 5mgS/Kg in granite regosols and 58mgS/Kg in andosols. The S-supplying capacity of soil could not be estimated by only available-S content, but may be reliably estimated by total-S and the mineralization rate of organic matter. 2) Grassland …

The Comparison Of The Tolerance To Soil Acidity Among Several Pasture Grasses, H Hokito, A Nishimune, K Takao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Five kinds of grasses which are common in Hokkaido were studied for the purpose of comparing these grasses' tolerances to soil acidified mainly by fertilyzer anions. The experiments were separated into categories, : aluminum tolerance (pot experiment) and tolerance to acidic soil (pot and field experiments). Orchardgrass, Timothy and Perennial ryegrass showed strong tolerances and Ladino clover showed weak tolerance in each experiment. Although Alfalfa showed a weak tolerance in the pot experiment it was not as weak in the field. In this experiment the role of the root system seemed to be very important. That is, in the case …

Concentration Of Trace Elements In Grass On Shinshu High Land Area, H Danbara, H Arima, T Baba, T Matano, M Yamaguchi, T Kikuchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

About twenty kinds of trace elements in grass grown on Shinshu high land area were determined with non destructive activation analysis. These elements in grass will be taken by beef cattle as nutrients. Zinc and manganese were found remarkablly high concentration then copper came after. Cobalt and selenium such as important elements for physiology of cattle were not determined so high.

Herbage Dry Matter Yield And Nitrogen Content Of A Reproductive Growth According To Spring Management Case Of Permanent Meadows In The Pyrenees Mountains, M Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In mountains farming systems, the wintering is the principal constraint because hay stock by ewe is low and has poor feed value. The objective of this research is to show the effect of spring management (fertilization, grazing) on the reproductive growth. We measured herbage dry matter on three plots of different fertility levels (0.108 % - 0.045 % - 0.018 % P205 Dyer) at an altitude of 1250 m. We show that the net starting growth is afunction of the soil fertility level (we observed differences of a month between plots). Consequently, the grazing effect on the regrowth does not …

Studies On The Numbers, Activity And Seasonal Dynamics Of Nitrogen Metabolic Microorganisms In Soils Of Qinghai-Xizang Alpine Meadow, Jiazao Li, Tao Yang, Guiru Zhu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The numbers, activity and seasonal dynamics of nitrogen metabolic bacteria in soils of Qinghai-Xizang alpine meadows were studied at Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station. The numbers of these microbes were highest in the 0-10 cm soil layer and these numbers decreased with the deepening of the soil. In the surface soil layer, the denitrifying bacteria were dominant, the next were the nonsymbiotic anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria showed the lowest counts. The numbers and activity of nitrogen metabolic bacteria also showed markedly seasonal dynamics. The microbial peaks usually appeared between June and August. The ammonifying …

Effect Of Source, Rate And Time Of Application On Nitrogen Fertilizer On Growth Of Ky 31 Tall Fescue, M Rasnake, L Murdock, G Lacefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The use of urea as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becoming more prevalent in Kentucky and most other parts of the world (Englestad and Hauk, 1974). However, research shown that under certain conditions, N volatilization losses from urea can be excessive (Wells et al., 1978). A research project was initiated in 1980 at Princeton, Kentucky to determine the probability and extent of N loss from surface applied urea and a urea-containing fertilizer (Rasnake et al., 1982) developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TV A) National Fertilizer Development Center (NFDC). Results have shown that N volatilization losses from urea are small …

Field Water Regimes Of Sandy Loam Soils On Arid Rangelands Of Southern New Mexico, Carlton H. Herbel, Robert P. Gibbens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is little information on field measurement of soil water on arid rangelands. Forage production is largely dependent upon adequate water. The soil water potential is characterized for three sandy loam soils during 1957-76 on arid rangelands of southwestern United States. Gypsum-impregnated resistance blocks were placed at soil depths of 10, 25, 41, 61, and 91 cm. The average annual precipitation during the study periods was 244, 265, and 233 mm. At the 10-cm soil depth, the probability of soil water :2: -1.5 megapascals during December-March was 66, 70, and 68% at the three sites; during July-September, it was 40, …

Experimentation Of Macronutrients And Micronutrients On A Sainfoin (Onobrychis Sativa Lamk.) Pasture In The Garrigue (S. -France): The Vegetation, Production And Its Chemical Composition, P S. Ogereau-Poissonet, C Charlot, A Hentgen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment concerning the sainfoin pasture fertilization in the "garrigue" (humid mediterranean climate and poor soil with limestone in the South of France) is presented. The aim is to find out if the spreading of cheap micronutrients (powdered pozzolana), with and without macronutrients increases the dry matter production and changes its chemical composition. The main results show that the production is multiplied by about 1.5 with 100 kg/ha/year of each macronutrient and 5000 kg/ha of pozzolana ; this increase varies in relation to species. Most of micronutrients have an effect on the specific chemical composition, according to treatments. Probably, toxicity …

Effect Of Fertilization On The Grass Tetany Potential And Organic Acid Composition Of Tall Fescue, D L. Grunes, S R. Wilkinson, P K. Joo, W A. Jackson, R P. Patterson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass tetany has caused the death of beef cattle grazing Kentucky-31 (KY-31) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacae Schreb) fertilized with high rates of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and potassium chloride (KCl), or with broiler litter. A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of fertilization on the chemical composition of the forage. The addition of either inorganic fertilizer or broiler litter markedly increased concentrations of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) in the plants. Fertilization with 448 kg N/ha markedly increased the concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and, to a lesser extent, calcium (Ca) in the plants. Fertilization with broiler litter markedly …

Comparisons Of Nutritious Specificity For Mineral Absorption Of Species Between The Alfalfa And The Orchardgrass Grown On The Same Soil, I Harada, I Shinohara, K Aoki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Very little is known about the compare of mineral absorption between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown on same soil condition in Hokkaido. The objective of this study was to compare the longterm effects of nutritious specificity for species of the absorption of mineral elements. The soils used were Nopporo diluvial, Shinotsu alluvial, Uenai pumice volcanic,. and Bibai peat soil. Alfalfa and orchardgrass were grown on these soils with eight different fertilizer regimes, namely, barnyard manure and NPK, NPK, PK, NK, NP, NPK with sulphur, NPK with chloride and control {nil fertilizer). The treatment have …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization During Early Growth Duration On The Total Water- Soluable Carbohydrate, Nitrate And Crude Protein Content In Orchardgrass, W B. Chun, D A. Kim, J M. Park

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the pot experiment, the content of total water-soluble carbohydrates (TSC) in stubble, leaves and shoots temporally decreased following nitrogen fertilization during early growth duration, after which it again increased, and that of each part of plants in the pots fertilized increasing nitrogen decreased more than that of each part of plants in light nitrogen. The content of TSC was higher in stubble than in leaves, and that of parts of plants decreased by tillering. Nitrate-nitrogen content decreased following nitrogen fertilization and gradually increased. However, it tended to decreased at the end of experiment. Crude protein content rapidly increased immediately …

Aluminum Toxicity: Effects On Growth And Nodulation Of Subterranean Clover, Moo-Key Kim, C J. Asher, D G. Edwards, R A. Date

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although effects of Al toxicity on the growth of non-nodulated subterranean clover have been studied in controlled experiments in the presence of adequate mineral nitrogen, effects of Al toxicity on nodulation have not been examined critically. Two such experiments were conducted in solution cultures maintained at pH 4.5 and at a range of concentrations of monomeric Al, using an acid tolerant strain of R. trifolii as the inoculant. The first experiment, with cv. Bacchus Marsh, showed that the growth of tops and roots were significantly depressed only at Al concentrations > 24.2 µ,M. However; Rhizobium survival both in the nutrient solution …

Effect Of Deep Liming And Surface Applied Gypsum On Alfalfa Production On Highly Weathered Soils, M E. Sumner, J H. Bouton, J Hammel, H Shahandeh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) production on highly weathered soils is often severely limited by the subsoil acidity syndrome which prevents root penetration. The possibility of encouraging deeper rooting by deep liming and surface-applied gypsum which is leached into the subsoil were investigated on a highly weathered soil (Typic Hapludult) in Georgia. 1Sufficient lime to neutralize exchangeable Al was incorporated by thorough mixing to a depth of 1 meter. Gypsum (10 t ha- ) was incorporated to 20 cm without any subsoil disturbance. Topsoils of all plots were limed and fertilized according to soil test recommendations. Deep liming increased alfalfa …

Fate Of 15 N-Labelled Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied At Different Times Of The Year On Bahiagrass Pasture, Y Sugimoto, M Hirara, M Ueno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experiment was carried out to search the fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer nitrogen applied at different time of the year

on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) f.asture to know how fertilizer nitrogen is used effectively according to the season. Ammonium chloride labelled with 1.N (10.3 atom%) was applied on 12, Sept. 151982 (autumn application), 18, Apr. 1983 (spring application) and 14, Jul. 1983 (summer application) respectively. Fate 15of N was traced for a year in each treatment. Most of tsN loss from soil-plant system occurred withi�� two months after N application for each treatment. Also, much of 1sN recovered in plant was …

Effects Of Al Concentration In Culture Solution On The Growth And N2 Fixation Of Some Tropical Pasture Legumes, S Ogata, K Fujita, K Morishima, T Kazari

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four tropical pasture legumes, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Stylosanthes humilis, Desmodium intortum and Centros­ema pubescens and a temperate pasture legume, Trifolium repens were grown at the graded levels of Al concentration in a culture solution in order to examine the effects of Al on their growth and N2-fixing activities (CzH2 reduction). In a separate experiment, two tropical pasture legumes, M. atropurpureum and C.pubescens dependent upon combined-N or symbiotically fixed-N were subjected to the graded levels of Al concentration and their dry weight, Nz-fixing activities and root length were measured. The results obtained are as follows.

1) The tolerances to Al in terms …

The Effects Of Lime On The Dry Matter Production And Chemical Composition Of Pennisetum Clandestinum On Highly Weathered Soils, N Miles, C I. Macdonald, J M. Cunningham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A dearth of knowledge relating to the effects of soil acidity on the growth of kikuyu grass presents constraints in formulating lime recommendations for kikuyu pastures. The response of kikuyu to lime at constant nitrogen and varying rates of phosphorus (P) fertilization was studied in field trials on three highly weathered soils. Significant increases in dry matter yield in response to liming were noted on all the soils, with these responses, together with large responses to P, being restricted almost entirely to the spring/early summer growth periods. Yield responses to lime were not related to soil pH or acid saturation …