Investigations On The Ecology And The Forage Value Of A Sheep Grazed Skiing Slope,
2025
Technische Universitaet Muenchen
Investigations On The Ecology And The Forage Value Of A Sheep Grazed Skiing Slope, G Spatz, G J. Park
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The influence of sheep grazing and fertilization on the vegetation of a steep skiing course was investigated within the northern calcereous Alps from 1979 to 1983. When measuring vegetation dynamics, we made use of the Relevemethod, the Point-Intercept-method and the Quadrat-Charting-method. Good grasses and legumes increased their biomass portion, whereas sedges almost disappeared. So the fodder value of the original pasture improved due to sheep grazing and fertilization. The vegetation which was injured by heavy skiing regenerated best after fertilization and restricted grazing. Thus sheep grazing proved to be a good measure for taking care of skiing grounds and for …
The Establishment And Persistence Of Grasses On Acid Gob Amended With Sewage Sludge And/Or Limestone,
2025
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
The Establishment And Persistence Of Grasses On Acid Gob Amended With Sewage Sludge And/Or Limestone, F J. Olsen, J H. Jones
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Gob ( coal refuse), which contains pyritic materials, produces sulfuric acid when wetted and oxidized. The acidity together with droughtiness and high surface temperatures create a complex problem for revegetation. Three grasses (reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L.), tall fescue, ( Festuca arundinacea Shreb.), and redtop, (Agrostis alba L.) were established on an acid gob site void of plants at the Will Scarlet Mine, Peabody Coal Campany, Williamson County, Illinois U.S.A. to evalute the effets of soil amendments. Treatments of sewage sludge to 30 and 60 cm depths of 225 and 450 Mg ha-1 per 30 cm depth, 225 and 450 …
Transfer Of The South Australian Dryland Farming Technology To Countries In West Asia And North Africa,
2025
Department of Agriculture, South Australia
Transfer Of The South Australian Dryland Farming Technology To Countries In West Asia And North Africa, K G. Boyce, G D. Webber, A W.H Lake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The principles of the technology of ley farming practiced in South Australia based on the use of annual self-regenerating pasture legumes in rotation with cereal cropping has been successfully transferred to areas of similar ecological conditions and agricultural production in countries of West Asia and North Africa. A number of development programmes have demonstrated tangible benefits to agricultural production and soil conservation. Further exploitation of these findings now require application and adoption at farmer level.
Use Of Grassland Division Constraints Water Control Analysis Of A Dairy Farm In Lorraine, France,
2025
INRA-SAD
Use Of Grassland Division Constraints Water Control Analysis Of A Dairy Farm In Lorraine, France, M Benoit, J Brossier, E Chia, A Hentgen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A survey of one thousand farms, a daily monitoring on eight farms, and a simulation model of one real farm allow us to identify and measure the essential constraints limiting the dairy production on farms using a large proportion of grass lands. The main constrains are tied to the spatial distribution of the fields and the physical milieu. The study shows possible solutions. In the frame of the research realized by the multidisciplinary team on the agrarian systems and the evolution of the farming systems in Lorraine, we focus our attention on the land division pattern and water control that …
Managerial Characteristics Of The Grassland Type Dairy Farming In Hokkaido, Japan,
2025
Hokkaido University
Managerial Characteristics Of The Grassland Type Dairy Farming In Hokkaido, Japan, Y Miyazawa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hokkaido is the northernmost island of Japan with an area of about 78,500 km2 and lies between 41 ° and 46°N. Dairy farming in Hokkaido, being endowed with vast land resources, has overcome severe climatic conditions and expanded its scale of operations through such measures as developing and improving grassland. Its main type of dairy farming can be said to be of the-grassland-type and the feeding resources of which depends mainly on pastures. The dairy farming in Hokkaido, therefore, is represented by this grassland-type that is one of the alternative types to be developed under comparatively unfavorable land conditions, such …
Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Species With A Farming System Perspective,
2025
CIAT
Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Species With A Farming System Perspective, R R. Vera, C Sere
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A scheme of tropical pastures evalution that integrates experiment station and on-farm research, system monitoring, networking, and adoption studies is described. Examples of on-farm experiments and observations are presented. Selected results of physical and economic performance of introduced pastures as well as whole system productivity are shown. Implications for farmer adoption of tropical pasture species and for future research are discussed.
Interdisciplinary Beef - Forage Management Demonstrations,
2025
University of Kentucky REC
Interdisciplinary Beef - Forage Management Demonstrations, G D. Lacefield, W R. Burris, E D. Miksch, M Rasnake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An interdisciplinary project, designated as Comprehensive Cow-Calf Management Demonstrations, was initiated by a term of extension specialists to demonstrate recommended management practices for cow-calf producers. The team consisted of extension specialists in beef cattle, agronomy and veterinary science. Cooperators for comprehensive on-farm demonstrations were nominated by county extension agents for agriculture and local veterinary practitioners. Selected cooperators were using a minimum of recommended practices but exhibited a willingness to make suggested changes. Farms were inventoried initially for cattle number and condition, soil capability and fertility, and existing facilities. Farm plans were then developed that would permit utilization of available resources …
Weight Gains And Nutrition Of Cattle Grazing On Grasslands Of Central Interior British Columbia, Canada,
2025
Agricultural Canada Research Station
Weight Gains And Nutrition Of Cattle Grazing On Grasslands Of Central Interior British Columbia, Canada, D A. Quinton, L Stroesser, H Douwes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Average daily gains and nutrient deficiencies of cattle grazing three grassland zones in British Columbia are shown. Cattle production was greatest on the rough fescue (Festuca scabrella) -bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) association and least on the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) -bluebunch wheatgrass association. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cattle diets generally paralleled cattle gains. Increases in these nutrients in forages correlate to increased cattle gains. Depressed weight gains, poor growth of calves, late estrous cycling of cows, and white muscle disease of calves are all livestock symptoms associated with nutrient deficiencies of cattle …
Sward Evaluation In Different Italian Environments To Model Productivity,
2025
Universita di Firenze
Sward Evaluation In Different Italian Environments To Model Productivity, P Talamucci, F Bonciarelli, P Bullitta, A Cavallero, C F. Cereti, F Miglietta, R Santilocchi, U Ziliotto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Production of three mixtures was tested in order to determine the production functions in different environments of sown swards which were either grazed or cut and grazed. The experiment took place in six italian localities between 41 and46 degress North. Mixtures were formed by two legumes (Trifolium repens + Lotus corniculatus) and by one of three different grasses (Festuca arundinacea , Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense) of different earliness. Production of each locality was registered weekly and related as cumulative data to following pedoclimatic parameters: thermal summation, wilting point, field capacity, ETP, thermohydrological coefficient (L ETP x …
Yield And Regrowth Characteristics Of Alfalfa Grazed By Sheep In Spring And Summer,
2025
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Yield And Regrowth Characteristics Of Alfalfa Grazed By Sheep In Spring And Summer, V G. Allen, D D. Wolf, J P. Fontenot
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) would provide high quality pasture in animal production systems. The influence of grazing alfalfa with sheep in early spring or in summer on regrowth characteristics, weed encroachment, and subsequent yields was investigated during two years and on hay yields during year 3 with no grazing imposed. Alfalfa was grazed in spring for 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks at two grazing pressures: light (LAI of 1.0) and heavy (LAI< 0.5). Non-grazed alfalfa was harvested at late bud stage. Regrowth on all systems was harvested at 1/10 bloom. Grazing for 6 weeks reduced subsequent hay yield only in year 2. Heavy grazing pressure increased weed encroachment but weeds were effectively controlled with herbicides. Few residual effects were measurable in year 3. Another planting of alfalfa was grazed in summer following two hay cuts by five systems: 1), 2), and 3) grazed about 14 days after second hay cut for 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively; 4) grazed at early bud stage for 7-10 days; 5) grazed at early bloom for 7 days. For system 6, alfalfa was not grazed and hay was cut at 1/10 bloom. Following grazing, hay was cutif regrowth reached 1/10 bloom stage. Grazing for 2, 4, and 6 weeks linearly decreased fall regrowth and increased weed encroachment. In year 3, yield was reduced by grazing except at early bloom but differences were slight by August. Weed encroachment tended to increase with grazing duration. These data indicate that alfalfa is more tolerant of grazing in spring than summer. If weeds are controlled, extended grazing durations appear possible.
The Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K In Yield Of Natural Pasture Grazed By Sheep On Southern Italy,
2025
University of Naples
The Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K In Yield Of Natural Pasture Grazed By Sheep On Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, T Di Ella, F Carone
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to raise the very low pasture yield in the dry regions of Southern Italy, a research was undertaken on the efficiency of mineral fertilization, owing to the variability of climatic conditions. Two levels of N (0-50 Kg ha-1), P (0-100 Kg ha-1) and K (0-100 Kg ha-1) arranged in factorial combinations were compared with a pasture grazed by sheep in a hilly area of Basilicata region (550 m s.l.} since 1982. During the spring of the first two years rainfalls amounted respectively to 79 mm and 146 mm while maximum temperature reached 30°C and 22°C in May, therefore …
Effect Of Cultivar, Level Of Fungal Endophyte (Acremonium Coenophialum) And Nitrogen Fertilization Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) On Steer Performance,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Effect Of Cultivar, Level Of Fungal Endophyte (Acremonium Coenophialum) And Nitrogen Fertilization Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) On Steer Performance, J A. Stuedmann, S R. Wilkinson, D P. Belesky, C S. Hoveland, O J. Devine, D L. Breedlove, H Ciordia, F N. Thompson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tall fescue (Fescuca arundinacea) toxicosis has been associated with 'increased levels of fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) and increased rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization. This study determines the performance of steers grazing a 2 factorial of Kentucky-31 tall fescue at low fungus (LF) and high fungus (HF) levels at both 134 (LN) and 336 kg N·ha-1• 2 yC1 (HN) as well as steer performance on two new LF tall fescue cultivars, AU-Triumph and Johnstone fertilized at the LN rate. Eighteen 0.7 ha paddocks were used in a randomized block design with three blocks of the six treatments. Paddocks were stocked with …
Seasonal Distribution Of A Fungal Endophyte In Tall Fescue Pastures,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Seasonal Distribution Of A Fungal Endophyte In Tall Fescue Pastures, D P. Belesky, O J. Devine, S R. Wilkinson, J A. Stuedemann, D M. Hildreth
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The presence of a fungal endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) in tall fescue (Festuca arondinacea) and high nitrogen (N) fertilizer input, has been associated with tall fescue toxicosis symptoms in beef cattle. Expression of toxicosis symptoms vary with season, however the dynamics of endophyte levels in a tall fescue over a growing season have not been described. Our study characterizes seasonal distribution of the endophyte in grazed fescue swards as influenced by cultivar and N fertilizer over two years (1983 and 1984). Three replicate 0.7 ha paddocks of 'Johnstons', 'Triumph' and 'KY-31' (low and high endophyte status; and 134 …
Preliminary Report On Experiment Of Winter Rotational Grazing Of Local Cattle,
2025
Guangxi Animal Husbandry Research Institute
Preliminary Report On Experiment Of Winter Rotational Grazing Of Local Cattle, Lu Wengao, Lai Zhiqiang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In winter, grass growth declines sharply and animal's demand increases with the passage of time. In Dec., affected by frostbite and low temperatures, pasture output drops greatly and cannot meet the needs of cattle. For this reason, in Nanning, late Dec. is considered the winter grazing in a critical period (WGCP). Huts and shelters should be put up in the areas where animals should continue to graze throughout the winter. It is relatively economical to give animal supplementary feeding started in late Dec.
Behavioral And Physiological Characteristics Of Misaki Horses As Adapted To Their Winter Habitats,
2025
Miyazaki University
Behavioral And Physiological Characteristics Of Misaki Horses As Adapted To Their Winter Habitats, Y Kaseda, E Yamaguchi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Few informations have been found on the metabolic adaptation of domestic animals to their winter circumstances. The present study was conducted to make clear the behavioral and physiological characteristics of Misaki horses living under semi-wild condition as adapted to their winter habitats. Nine 24 hour consecutive observations were made from 1983 to 1984, and simultaneously heart rate (beatd per min.), rectal temperature and ambient temperature were recorded at the intervals of 30 min .. Horses were frequently found to graze and rest in the forests or on south-facing weedy grasslands in winter. Time budget of a day changed seasonally and …
Alternative For Managing Beef Yearlings After Intensive Early Stocking Of Kansas Flint Hills Range,
2025
Kansas State University
Alternative For Managing Beef Yearlings After Intensive Early Stocking Of Kansas Flint Hills Range, G L. Posler, G M. Ward, J G. Riley, C E. Owensby, E F. Smith, K K. Bolsen, R M. Helsel, N S. Hill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Intensive early stocking of Kansas Flint Hills tall grass prairie (2X normal rate during the first half of the grazing season) has produced greater beef/ha than season -long stocking because of low animal gains during the last half season. Alternatives for animals removed from native range in mid-July include grazing seeded forages such as alfalfa or hybrid sudangrass or direct placement to the feedlot. During 3 years, we compared grazing alfalfa or hybrid sudangrass during the last half season and subsequentfeedlot placement for finishing with placement directly to the feedlot in mid-July. In our studies, animal gains were better for …
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing Management Upon Ewe Liveweight, Ewe Fertility, Lamb Growth And Pasture Production On Subterranean Clover Based Pasture In Western Australia, H Lloyd Davies, I N. Southey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Border Leicester x Merino ewes joined to Dorset Hom rams were run at 3 stocking rates (S.R.) and 2 systems of pasture management, viz Continuous grazing (C.G.) or a 4 sub-plot Deferred grazing system (D.G.) designed to meet the needs of the breeding ewe on subterranean clover based pastures at Bakers Hill (32°S l17°E), Western Australia for three years. Stocking rate affected ewe liveweight at joining and lambing, the growth of single lambs in the first year and tended to reduce the growth rate of twin lambs. It profoundly affected the amount of dry matter of pasture on offer. The …
The Preliminary Study On Optimum Stocking Rate In Alpine Meadow,
2025
Academia Sinica
The Preliminary Study On Optimum Stocking Rate In Alpine Meadow, Nanlin Pi, Xingmin Zhou, Xinquan Zhao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a grazing trial with Tibetan sheep at Haibei Research Station of Ecosystem, the relationships between stocking rate, live-weight gain per animal and live-weight gain per ha were studied in a Kobresia humilis meadow pasture. Stocking rates were 2.14 (A), 3.12 (B), and 6.07 (C) animal/ha. Grazing was rotated in a summer-autumn pasture (from July to October) and in a winter-spring pasture (from November to June of next year). Under different stocking rates, changes in horizontal and vertical plant community composition have taken place. The decreases of live-weight gain per animal and of herbage yield with increased stocking rate were …
A Flexible Grazing Management System Proposed For The Advanced Evaluation Of Associations Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes, James Spain, Jose Marques Pereira, Ramon Gualdron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Traditional methods used for the advanced evaluation of associations of tropical grasses and legumes under grazing have a number of limitations. The rigid grazing systems commonly utilized do not recognize nor respond to the dynamics of pastures as they interact with climate, soils, biotic factors, .and management. Consequently, the true potential of new germplasm is often under-estimated. A flexible grazing management system is proposed to overcome some of the limitations of traditional fixed management methodology. The methodology proposed involves managing each association under evaluation in a flexible but pre-defined manner. Stocking rates and grazing systems are adjusted, depending on two …
Relating Profit To Quantity Of Standing Herbage In Grazing Intensity Studies,
2025
University of Natal
Relating Profit To Quantity Of Standing Herbage In Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby, B E. Conrad
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous economic analyses of grazing intensity studies have related profit to stocking rate. However, no information is available on the relationship between profit and kg standing herbage ha-1. In this paper the objective is to relate profit ha-1 to standing herbage. Coastal bermudagrass continuously grazed with beef steers at four grazing pressures is used as an example. Average daily gain and animal grazing days ha-1 were linearly related to standing herbage (r = 0.95 and 0.99). The resultant regression equations were used to relate beef gain ha-1 to standing herbage. This function in tum was used to relate profit ha-1 …
