Improved Processing For High-Quality Seed Of Big Bluestem, Andropogon Gerardii, And Yellow Indiangrass, Sorghastrum Nutans,
2026
USDA SCS
Improved Processing For High-Quality Seed Of Big Bluestem, Andropogon Gerardii, And Yellow Indiangrass, Sorghastrum Nutans, R R. Brown, J Henry, W Crowder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The recent reintroduction of native prairie warm-season grasses for livestock forage in the Corn Belt presents seed-handling problems with some species. Seeding big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans [L. J Nash) through commonly available seeding equipment is difficult with seed from commercial sources. Commercial seed contains significant amounts ofleaf and stem particles as well as awns and other appendages still attached to the seed. These seed appendages and inert matter prevent an even flow of seed through the seeding equipment. Specially designed rangeland drills handle the seed rather well, but the limited use of this equipment makes …
Selection For Seed Retention In Phalaris Aquatica L.,
2026
University of New England
Selection For Seed Retention In Phalaris Aquatica L., J R. Mcwilliam, C N. Gibbon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seed shattering is a problem in most pasture grasses, especially in those that have a history of recent domestication. In many of these grasses, losses from shattering are aggravated by uneven ripening of inflorescences and a low percentage of viable seed. Fragility of the rachilla appears to be the most common cause of seed shattering in grasses, and once this connection is broken, the seed is free to shed from the inflorescence. In some of the more domesticated species, the nature and configuration of the glumes and the manner in which they are packed on the inflorescence play an important …
Inefficient Conversion Of Floret Populations To Actual Seed Harvested In Grass-Seed Crops,
2026
DSIR
Inefficient Conversion Of Floret Populations To Actual Seed Harvested In Grass-Seed Crops, K R. Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Obtaining more than 34 machine-dressed seeds from every 100 florets in trials at Lincoln, New Zealand, was uncommon. In ryegrass (Lolium sp.), Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl), and G17 cocksfoot (Dacrylis glomerata L.) crops, the larger the floret population, the lower the number of seeds obtained from every 100 florets. Nitrogen (N) improved the return, and in prairie grass the return increased as the rate ofN increased beyond 20 kg N/ha. In prairie grass, floret populations decreased as row spacings increased. With this seed, recovery was highest at wide row spacings, but in cocksfoot the reverse was true. …
Effect Of Different System Of Seed Treatment, Packing, And Storage On Vigor And Germination Of Five Tropical Forage Legumes,
2026
Semillas la Pradera
Effect Of Different System Of Seed Treatment, Packing, And Storage On Vigor And Germination Of Five Tropical Forage Legumes, R Cabrales, J Bernal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Production of tropical forage·lme seeds is expensive. Very often, the establishment of mixtures is difficult because of lack of uniformity in vigor and germination of the legume seed. Treatment with chemical compounds has been reported to be useful in breaking dormancy. The packing material and temperature of storage have also been reported to affect seed vigor and germination. The following treatments were applied to recently harvested seeds of tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides [Roxb.) Benth.), clitoria (Clitoria ternatea L.), centrosema (Centrosema pubescens Benth.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum DC. Urb.), and desmodium (Desmodium intortum [Mill.) Fawc. and Rendle): concentrated sulfuric acid (96 % …
Seed Production For The Establishment Of Pennisteum Americanum X P. Purpureum F1 Hybrid Pastures,
2026
University of Ibadan
Seed Production For The Establishment Of Pennisteum Americanum X P. Purpureum F1 Hybrid Pastures, M E. Aken'ova, H R. Chheda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several genotypes among the interspecific F 1 hybrids between Maiwa, a short-day, photoperiod-sensitive local cultivar of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke), and elephant grass (P. purpureum Schumach) produced at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, combine the high dry-matter yield potential and perenniality of elephant grass with greater acceptability to livestock and increased digestibility, resulting in higher live-weight gains than elephant grass. Though sterile, the Fr Pennisetum hybrids are easily propagated vegetatively. Distribution over a wider area of adaptation can be facilitated by large-scale F 1 seed production utilizing cytoplasmic male-sterile pearl millet. Cytoplasmic male-sterile Maiwa was developed by transferring …
Effect Of Autumn And Spring Defoliation And Defoliation Method On Seed Yield Of Lolium Perenne,
2026
University of Nottingham
Effect Of Autumn And Spring Defoliation And Defoliation Method On Seed Yield Of Lolium Perenne, P D. Hebbleethwaite, T.G A. Clemence
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Trials in 1979 and 1980 evaluated the effect of autumn and spring defoliations on fertile apex removal, tiller survival, seedyield components, and seed and forage yield in two amenity- and one agricultural-type perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne), established in the autumn. Methods (reciprocating mower or sheep), height (3-5 cm or 6-8 cm) of defoliation, and the addition of supplementary nitrogen (N) after defoliation were evaluated in the variety Royal in 1980. In both years and all varieties, autumn defoliation had no significant effect on seed yield. With the exception of Royal in 1980, seed yields were reduced by cutting, if it …
Post Residue As A Management Tool In Grass-Seed Production,
2026
Oregon State University
Post Residue As A Management Tool In Grass-Seed Production, D O. Chilcote, H W. Youngberg, W C. Young Iii
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Postharvest residue burning, initiated in Oregon in the early 1940s to control blind seed disease in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), has been found to be a most effective field sanitation method that also enhances seed yield. It is now a general practice in Oregon, and its use is expanding to other regions. Questions of how burning beneficially affects grass-seed crop production have been the focus of many studies conducted over several years in the Willamette Valley. These studies were given impetus by the concern for clean air in certain locations in Oregon. The objectives of the research were (1) …
Trials On Time Of Nitrogen Application In The Spring To Various Grasses Grown For Seed Production,
2026
State Research Station
Trials On Time Of Nitrogen Application In The Spring To Various Grasses Grown For Seed Production, A Nordestgaard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With most of the grasses grown for seed in Denmark, a series of trials has been carried out on increasing nitrogen rates in the autumn combined with increasing rates in the spring. The results of these trials show that an autumn application of nitrogen is very important to most of the grasses and necessary if the optimum yield of seed is to be achieved. In order to find the best time to apply nitrogen in the spring when producing grass seed, a number of trials have been carried out in recent years with various grasses. Up to and including 1980, …
Livestock Resources In The World Food Supply,
2026
The Rockefeller University
Livestock Resources In The World Food Supply, J A. Pino
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
I would like to express my appreciation to the Governing Board of the XIV International Grassland Congress , to Dr. Robert Barnes, its President, and especially to Dr. John E. Baylor, Chairman of the Governing Board of the XIV International Grassland Congress, for the kind invitation to speak at this distinguished gathering. I am pleased also to be in the state of Kentucky, a recognized leader in pasture and forage research and practice, a recognition attested to by this Congress . I regret that my own schedule did not allow me to participate in the various scientific and technical sessions …
Grassland Development In Japan And Other Asian Countries,
2026
Miyazaki University
Grassland Development In Japan And Other Asian Countries, I Nikki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Only since World War II has attention been directed to grassland injapan. Forage crops were introduced on dairy farms for feeding cattle . Acreages have increased and now equal 15 % of the total field area. Forage crops are second to :rice as a major crop . The New Grassland Law, approved in 1950, has led to "grassland improvement" and development of established pastures. J apa:n, situated in the most northern part of the Asian Monsoon Area, is warm as a rule and has much rainfall. Miscanthus sinensis Steud. and Zoysiajaponica Steud. are the dominant representative species of natural grassland. …
Resource Allocation For Animal-Grassland Systems,
2026
New Mexico State University
Resource Allocation For Animal-Grassland Systems, G W. Thomas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The production of animal products from grasslands is dependent upon an adequate resource base-particularly the availability ofland, water, and energy. In addition, range and pasture production systems must be designed to adjust to climatic variations and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. Several new developments will have a significant impact on the future allocation of resources for animal agriculture: (1) increased competition for land and water, which is leading to transfers from agricultural to nonagricultural uses; (2) increasing costs and decreasing availability of "cultural energy" (particularly fossil fuels); (3) more pressure to divert grains and feed concentrates from animals to direct …
Physiological And Morphological Advances For Forage Improvement,
2026
University College of Wales
Physiological And Morphological Advances For Forage Improvement, J P. Cooper
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage production basically involves the conversion of environmental inputs to provide digestible energy and other nutrients for ruminant livestock. The plant breeder needs to consider the seasonal inputs or constraints in his particular environment, the efficiency of the crop in responding to these factors, those features of the plant that contribute to this efficiency, and the degree to which those features can be modified by selection and breeding. Forage production basically involves the conversion of environmental inputs to provide digestible energy and other nutrients for ruminant livestock. The plant breeder needs to consider the seasonal inputs or constraints in his …
Multiple Use Of Grassland Resources (Grasslands To Provide Natural Resource Conservation And A Quality Environment For Mankind),
2026
Pasture Research, South Africa
Multiple Use Of Grassland Resources (Grasslands To Provide Natural Resource Conservation And A Quality Environment For Mankind), P J. Edwards
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The grasslands of the world ( and communities closely akin to them, such as shrub and savanna types) provide not only a very effective mantle for protection of the soil, but also the main source of feed for herbivores. They also cater to many other needs of mankind. Increasing population results in competition between types of grassland use for specific sites. Sound planning is necessary to resolve this conflict in the way most beneficial to mankind. In order to plan logically it is necessary to make an inventory of the resources, to consider the various uses to which grasslands can …
Nitrogen Relationships In Grassland Ecosystems,
2026
Grassland Research Institute, UK
Nitrogen Relationships In Grassland Ecosystems, A Lazenby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Some recent findings affecting nitrogen (N) cycling in grassland ecosystems are discussed, and an indication is given of major problems requiring research and development. The importance of modern techniques is stressed to enable further quantification of the pathways and processes of the nutrient in grassland; such data are needed both to improve understanding and to enable more efficient use of N in practice. A brief description of the N in soil organic matter is followed by an account of symbiotic N fixation by legumes, including estimated levels and rates of fixation and factors affecting the process. Data are presented on …
Practical Livestock-Forage Systems: Model To Manager,
2026
Grassland Division, NZ
Practical Livestock-Forage Systems: Model To Manager, R W. Brougham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The developments in practical livestock-forage systems research during this century are outlined, and present-day approaches are discussed. Some examples of production levels presently being obtained from research stations, top farmers, and average farmers in different regions of the world are presented. These indicate that production levels being obtained from livestockforage systems research remain appreciably higher than levels being obtained from the best farmers. Comments are made on the many different research techniques used to demonstrate these levels in both developed and developing countries. The value of this type of research to the farm adviser and farmer is also noted. Some …
Contribution Of Forages To Worldwide Food Production: Now And In The Future,
2026
CSIRO
Contribution Of Forages To Worldwide Food Production: Now And In The Future, E F. Henzell
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbivorous livestock provided during the 1970s an estimated minimum 7%-17% of the total dietary protein in Asia and Africa compared with about 30 % in Latin America and just over 30 % in the developed countries. Cattle accounted for approximately 70% of the world's domestic animals (calculated in units weighted for size), buffaloes for 10%, and sheep and goats for 11 % . About 69 % of these animal units were in the developing countries, but productivity was higher in the developed countries. Forages, defined broadly to include all edible plant materials except grains and concentrates, provided more than 90% …
Potential Productivity Of Temperate And Tropical Grassland Systems,
2026
University of Florida
Potential Productivity Of Temperate And Tropical Grassland Systems, G O. Mott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasses of temperate regions of the world belong primarily to the subfamily Festucoideae, whereas tropical regions are populated by tribes of the Panicoideae subfamily. Temperate grasses have a C3 biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in contrast to tropical grasses, which have a C4 photosynthetic mechan-ism. Both tropical and temperate legumes are C3 plants. Compatible mixtures of legumes and grasses have long been successful in many temperate regions, but combining C4 grasses and C3 legumes as mixtures in the tropics has been only moderately successful. Maximum net primary productions of temperate and tropical grasslands are in the order of 25 and 80 …
Use Of Genetic Resources For Improvement Of Forage Species,
2026
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Use Of Genetic Resources For Improvement Of Forage Species, J R. Harlan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of genetic resources of forage species poses some special problems because of the number of species involved, the inadequacy of our knowledge about them, the fact that they are often used in combination and should be evaluated in terms of livestock product, and so on. Collections should be as comprehensive as possible at the outset of improvement programs; otherwise, there may be much use of inferior material and much waste of time and effort. Most of the forage species in use come from (1) Europe (excluding Mediterranean zones), (2) Mediterranean Basin and Near East, (3) African savannas (mostly …
Forage Quality: Assessing The Plant-Animal Complex,
2026
CSIRO
Forage Quality: Assessing The Plant-Animal Complex, D J. Minson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At the VI International Grassland Congress held at Pennsylvania State College in 1952, the late Dr. C.P. McMeekan reviewed the many problems associated with the plant-animal complex. Great stress was placed on the need to measure forage intake accurately as a prerequisite to an under-standing of the plant-animal complex. Progress in the development of more accurate :methods of estimating the forage intake of grazing animals is reviewed, including the introduction of different methods of administering chromic oxide, the esophageal fistula for obtaining samples of selectively grazed material, the in-vitro technique for estimating the digestibility of the forage eaten, and the …
Competitive, Adaptive, And Evolutionary Process In Grassland Ecosystems,
2026
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute
Competitive, Adaptive, And Evolutionary Process In Grassland Ecosystems, B D. Patil
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the tropics, grasslands or grazing lands are found where the forest vegetation climax has been subjected to fire, grazing, felling, or other disturbances. Grazing lands in the tropics form various ecosystems under the major climatic types. Delineation of such ecosystems is possible through remnants of the climax vegetation of undisturbed or least-disturbed areas. Several subecosystems exist as seral stages under each ecosystem, the floristic composition of which is a reflection of the edaphic and soilmoisture-fertility conditions. Biological production in terms of energy for grazing animals varies among these ecosystems and subecosystems. Reconstruction of the adaptable competitive flora with woody …
