Sculpted Seeding: A Plant Community Approach To Revegitation,
2024
USDA- Soil Conservation Service
Sculpted Seeding: A Plant Community Approach To Revegitation, E T. Jacobson, D B. Wark, R G. Arnott, R J. Haas, D A. Tober
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The sculptured seeding technique, an ecological approach to revegetation based on a knowledge and understanding of the natural vegetation of an area, establishes a diverse, effective native plant community capable of regeneration and plant succession. It is intended to match site capability with plant species known to thrive under particular conditions. Sculptured seeding is an option available to land managers interested in establishing and maintaining adapted native species and ecotypes within the limits of current technology and available seed sources. Field procedures for sculptured seedings are quite simple, involving only minor modifications to standard planting methodology. Seed mixtures based on …
Graded Management Intensity Of Grassland System For Enhancing Biodiversity On A Species And Landscape Scale,
2024
Swiss Federal Research Station for Agro-Ecology and Agriculture
Graded Management Intensity Of Grassland System For Enhancing Biodiversity On A Species And Landscape Scale, E Meister, B Koch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of our research is to maintain and enhance wildlife resources, landscape diversity and economic competitiveness of grassland-ruminant systems. This may be accomplished by a diversified, graded management intensity of pastures and meadows (Dietl,1990), resulting in a network of intensively and extensively used grassland and other semi-natural habitats. Botanical diversity is thus increased on both a habitat and landscape level. In intensively farmed regions it may be necessary to re-establish species-rich grassland types and adjust management intensity to the site conditions and species’ requirements.
Mineral Contents Of White Clover Grass And Nitrogen Fertilized Grass Pastures For Lambs,
2024
Institute of Animal Production, Finland
Mineral Contents Of White Clover Grass And Nitrogen Fertilized Grass Pastures For Lambs, R Sormunen-Cristian, P Nykänen-Kurki, J Peltola
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The mineral contents (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) of white clover grass without nitrogen and grass-only pastures with annual nitrogen rates of 0, 120 and 250 kg ha-1 were studied in 1994 and 1995. The pastures were grazed twice per season by growing lambs. The white clover contents averaged 25% and 42%, respectively. The Ca and Mg contents and the Ca/P ratio were higher, and the K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio lower in white clover grass than in grass-only swards. The P content of white clover grass was similar to that of grass, and the K content …
A Predictive Model Of Vegetation Dynamics Under Grazing,
2024
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute
A Predictive Model Of Vegetation Dynamics Under Grazing, C.P. D. Birch, B R. Werkman, L W. Partridge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This quantitative model predicts changes in the species composition of grazed vegetation. It is based on growth equations for each species represented. The three parameters in each equation represent maximum production rate, maximum standing biomass, and the decline of production rate at high total plant density. Parameters may be varied with environmental factors. The model is generic, but is illustrated using values for four taxa growing under red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazing on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland: bent/fescue grassland (Agrostis/Festuca), purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), mat-grass (Nardus stricta) and heather (Calluna …
Integrating Satellite Images And Species-Based Vegetation Maps To Manage Native Grasslands,
2024
Universite de Sherbrooke
Integrating Satellite Images And Species-Based Vegetation Maps To Manage Native Grasslands, M Hall-Beyer, Q.H. J. Gwyn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Satellite image mapping of grasslands is problematic when species diversity occurs at a sub-pixel scale. We propose a method, called melody classification, to map ground cover units that group several spectral classes (colours). Melodies are defined as the normalized expected frequencies of each class within the ground cover unit. Starting from an unsupervised classification, an image is created showing the probability of finding each spectral class in the vicinity of each pixel. Each pixel is classified by comparing the melody in its neighbourhood with that of each ground cover unit. Accuracies are greatly enhanced over those of supervised classification. Melody …
Collection And Evaluation Of The Section Platycarpe From The Peoples Republic Of China,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Collection And Evaluation Of The Section Platycarpe From The Peoples Republic Of China, T A. Cambell, G Bao, Z L. Xia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Peoples Republic of China is the center of origin of several species of the section Platycarpae, which could contain genes for drought and cold tolerance that would be of significant benefit to cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Of particular interest are Medicago archiducis-nicolai Sirjaev, M. edgeworthii Sirjaev, and M. ruthenica (L.) Ledebour. Of 105 M. ruthenica accessions collected from 15 diverse environments in Inner Mongolia, 50 were evaluated in the field at Beltsville MD (USA) in 1993 and 1994 on an acid soil (pH 6.4) deficient in boron and potassium. Significant variation was noted for stand retention, reaction to …
Verification Of And Genetic Variation Between Stylosanthes Sp. Aff. S. Scabra Accessions,
2024
CSIRO
Verification Of And Genetic Variation Between Stylosanthes Sp. Aff. S. Scabra Accessions, C J. Liu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Thirty-three Stylosanthes accessions, which are all considered to be S. sp. aff. S. scabra, were analysed using STS and RAPD as genetic markers. These accessions were readily clustered into two major groups based on dissimilarity values, with 28 accessions in one group (A) and the other five in the other (B). STS analysis indicated that accessions in group A are diploid S. sp. aff. S. scabra but those in B are tetraploids, likely to be S. scabra or its closely related taxa. Cytological examination of root-tip cells confirmed that the five accessions in group B are all tetraploids. Genetic dissimilarity …
Assessing The Impact Of Dietary Addition Of Lignin On Growth Performance, Nitrogen Balance And Faecal Microorganisms In Grain-Fed Veal Calves,
2024
McGill University
Assessing The Impact Of Dietary Addition Of Lignin On Growth Performance, Nitrogen Balance And Faecal Microorganisms In Grain-Fed Veal Calves, L E. Phillip, E S. Idziak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A study was conducted with ALCELLR - lignin (A-lignin) to evaluate its impact on performance of grain- fed veal calves. Thirty two male calves (avg. initial wt, 190 kg) were fed for 13 weeks grain corn and a protein supplement with added A-lignin to supply 0, 1.25%, 2.5% or 5.0% of diet. Eight other calves were used to study nitrogen balance, and grab samples of faeces were analyzed for anaerobic, aerobic and coliform bacteria. A-lignin at 1.25% of diet increased (p<.01) weight gain by 12%. Addition of A-lignin also decreased (p< 0.01) organic matter digestion, increased (p<.01) faecal N excretion but did not significantly alter N balance. A-lignin reduced (p< 0.01) faecal ammonia concentration but increased (p <.01) DM content of grab samples of faeces; there were no significant effects on populations of faecal microorganisms. The study revealed a beneficial effect of A-lignin on calf growth but the reason for the response was not uncovered.
Qualitative Evaluation Of D.H.P. (Dihidroxipiridine) In The Urine Of Buffaloes Fed With Leucaena,
2024
Instituto de Zootecnia
Qualitative Evaluation Of D.H.P. (Dihidroxipiridine) In The Urine Of Buffaloes Fed With Leucaena, P B. Alcantara, T A. Ferreira, D A. Beisman, A.M F. Pereira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DHP elimination in the urine of buffaloes fed with three levels of leucaena (0,10 and 20g of leucaena's DM/kg LW0.75), plus corn silage at 2.5% of LW in D.M. The main purpose was to estimate the levels of mimosine toxicity in those resistant animals. Data showed that DHP started to be eliminated at the first urination in both levels of leucaena. This occurred one hour after ingestion. DHP was present up to the third urination (5 hours after ingestion) in the highest level.
Genomic Cloning Of Fasciola Hepatica Excretory-Secretory Antigenic Genes In E. Coli,
2024
Sichuan Union University
Genomic Cloning Of Fasciola Hepatica Excretory-Secretory Antigenic Genes In E. Coli, Xu Heng, Zheng Li, Liu Shigui, Shen Bin, Wu Fend
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A complementary DNA (cDNA) library was constructed from the mRNA of adult worms of Fasciola hepatica in the expression vector gt11, the size of the library contained approximately 2.4 x 105 recombinants and the recombinant efficiency was 85%. The library was directedly screened with a rabbit antisera raised against a excretory-secretory (ES) antigen of Fasciola hepatica. Two positive clones of strong signal were selected from a group of 200 positive clones, named FH3 and FH7. The length of external fragments of two recombinants were 0.85Kb (FH3) and 1.15Kb (FH7). The E.coli 1089 host was infected by recombinants FH3 and FH7 …
Effect Of Plant Species On The Development And Vertical Migration Of Larvae Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes Which Parasitise Sheep,
2024
AgResearch Grasslands, Flock House Agricultural
Effect Of Plant Species On The Development And Vertical Migration Of Larvae Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes Which Parasitise Sheep, J H. Niezen, W.A. G. Charleston, J Hodgson, C M. Miller, H A. Robertson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The development and migration of gastrointestinal nematode larvae on a range of herbage species were compared following a series of standardised contaminations with sheep faeces over two years. In 1992/93, greatest numbers of larvae were recovered from browntop (Agrostis capillaris cv Grasslands Muster), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cv Grasslands Kara), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv Grasslands Nui) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus cv Massey Basyn) while the lowest numbers were recovered from white clover (Trifolium repens cv Grasslands Huia) with the other herbages intermediate. In 1993/94, highest numbers were recovered from Yorkshire fog and ryegrass, lowest numbers from …
Seed Proteinase Inhibitors From Annual Medics Active Against Insect Pests,
2024
Istituto Sperimentale Colture Foraggere
Seed Proteinase Inhibitors From Annual Medics Active Against Insect Pests, M Odoardi, A Tava, F Ceciliani
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several different species of annual medics have been tested for the occurrence and concentration of trypsin inhibitors in the seed. Trypsin Inhibitory Activity (TIA) has been in fact related to the level of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wide variation was found for TIA among species, with the highest values shown by the snail medic (Medicago scutellata). After a simple and rapid procedure of chromatographic purification, the Trypsin Inhibitor (TI) from snail medic has been tested towards the trypsin-like proteinases extracted from larvae of different phytophagous insects, showing high levels of Inhibitory Activity. The complete amino acid …
The Effect On Intake Palatability And Digestibility Of Phenolic Compounds In Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Proliferus),
2024
The University of Western Australia
The Effect On Intake Palatability And Digestibility Of Phenolic Compounds In Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Proliferus), N J. Edwards, J C. Mailey, D M. Mcneill, J B. Lowry, C S. Mcsweeney, D A. Henry, C M. Oldham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The major secondary metabolites currently identified in tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) belong to the phenolic group of compounds. The principal phenolic compounds are the flavones, apigenin and luteolin, but low concentrations of condensed tannins, the isoflavonoid daidzein and the alkaloid sparteine have also been detected in some samples. No flavonols have been detected. There is a strong relationship between the concentration of phenolic compounds in tagasaste and its palatability. Furthermore, digestibility of tagasaste is relatively high throughout the year, thereby implicating intake as the major factor influencing the seasonality of liveweight performance of livestock grazing tagasaste. Despite confirmation of …
Effect Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Hay On Dairy Heifers Under European Intensive Management,
2024
INRA
Effect Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Hay On Dairy Heifers Under European Intensive Management, J C. Emile, J P. Ravault, J M. Chabosseau
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two fields were established at Lusignan (France) with the same variety of tall fescue but differing in the rate of Acremonium coenophialum seed infestation : 0 % = E- ; 100 % = E+. Dairy heifers were fed ad libitum with E- or E+ hay and were given in addition 1.7 kg DM of concentrates. No effect was noticed on the intake (5.65 vs 5.63 kg DM) as well as on ADG (874 vs 838 g/d) regarding E- vs E+ hay resp. However, prolactin concentration was significantly halved when heifers were fed with the E+ hay. More temperate climatic conditions …
Feeding Strategies To Optimize Reproductive Performance Of Cattle Grazing High Protein Pastures In Uruguay,
2024
CARECO
Feeding Strategies To Optimize Reproductive Performance Of Cattle Grazing High Protein Pastures In Uruguay, H R. Tosi, K M. Wittenberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Alternative feeding strategies were investigated for Holstein heifers grazing a vegetative red, Trifolium pratense L., and white clover, Trifolium repens L., pasture. A total of 474 grazing heifers were supplemented varying amounts of corn silage, Zea mays, during the breeding season in an effort to improve reproductive performance. Animal response to supplementation, whether on spring or winter pasture, was similar. Corn silage supplemented at 18.8 or 28.8% DM basis of total diet, for winter and spring pastures, respectively, resulted in animal weight gains similar to that of heifers receiving legume pasture only. Serum urea nitrogen and reproductive performance for heifers …
Strategies For Improving Efficiency Of Beef Cattle In Tall Fescue Pasture Systems,
2024
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Strategies For Improving Efficiency Of Beef Cattle In Tall Fescue Pasture Systems, J C. Waller, H A. Fribourg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A beef (Bos taurusL.) cattle producer must allocate land and forage resources to meet nutrient needs of the entire herd. Using 20 yr of calving and grazing data, templates of herd composition, associated Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) requirements over the whole year, and forage TDN production were developed for a typical herd and land area. The monthly energy needed by the entire herd was relatively constant. Forage productivity varied monthly, indicating the need to plan for efficiently using surplus TDN from some seasons to meet needs at other times. This approach could be expanded to include more definitive …
Eneficial Use Of Grasses Artificially Infected With Endophytes, Non-Toxic To Animals,
2024
AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Eneficial Use Of Grasses Artificially Infected With Endophytes, Non-Toxic To Animals, G.C M. Latch, L R. Fletcher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Information presented in this paper demonstrates that Ryegrass Staggers does not occur in animals which graze ryegrasses (Lolium sp.) artificially infected with a strain of Acremonium endophyte which does not produce the tremorgenic toxin lolitrem B. Peramine is produced by the endophyte and this alkaloid protects the grass from attack by Argentine stem weevil. New Zealand farmers have used a ryegrass cultivar infected with this strain of endophyte for the past four years and there are no reports of Ryegrass Staggers in animals grazing it. Strains of endophytes have been found in other grasses which do not produce toxins …
The Effect Of Ryegrass Endophyte On Milk Production From Dairy Cows In Northern New Zealand,
2024
Dairying Research Corporation
The Effect Of Ryegrass Endophyte On Milk Production From Dairy Cows In Northern New Zealand, E R. Thom, D A. Clark, C D. Waugh, R J. Mccabe, V T. Van Vught, B.J L. Kock
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this study was to compare the milk production of cows grazing endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture with those grazing endophyte-free pastures. High and nil endophyte ryegrass pastures were drilled with and without white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in autumn 1993. White clover was completely removed in autumn 1995. High endophyte pastures had >85% of tillers infected but nil endophyte pastures were rapidly contaminated with endophyte-infected ryegrass and had 50% infection by autumn 1996. Losses in milk production due to endophyte were small (<6%), and occurred in only 2 of the 6 three week test periods. Cows showed clinical symptoms of ryegrass staggers in summer/autumn 1995 but not in 1996. Heat stress symptoms were absent. Losses of milk production occurred when lolitrem B levels were low (spring 1994) and when cows did not show clinical staggers (summer 1996). Other chemicals or agronomic factors could be important determinants of the milk production responses.
Use Of Willows (Salix Spp) As Drought Fodder For Sheep,
2024
Massey University
Use Of Willows (Salix Spp) As Drought Fodder For Sheep, S K. Oppong, P D. Kemp, G B. Douglas, B T. Bulloch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of cutting height and harvesting times on the forage yield, yield components and quality of Tangoio hybrid willow and Kinuyanagi willow were examined, to evaluate these willows as drought fodder for sheep. Tangoio (3.8 tDM/ha) outyielded Kinuyanagi (3 tDM/ha) in edible forage production and provided reasonable quality fodder (nitrogen content of 2.0 % and digestibility of 65 -69 %). The high edible forage yield of the willows relative to pasture (0.8 tDM/ha) during January and April showed that they provided potentially valuable supplements to pasture production. The willows, especially Tangoio, are recommended for use as maintenance fodder for …
Interaction Of Symbiont Alkaloid Accumulation And Growth,
2024
University of Kentucky
Interaction Of Symbiont Alkaloid Accumulation And Growth, L P. Bush, M A. Do Valle Ribeiro, J Hogan, P B. Burruss Ii
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several classes of alkaloids are present in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and the tall fescue-endophyte (Neotyphodium [=Acremonium] coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin comb.nov.) association. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the endophyte on seed germination and seedling growth and to measure the effect of host perloline concentration on endophyte development and loline accumulation. Seed germination was not altered by the presence of the endophyte. In non-stress field conditions of Ireland emergence of first leaf occurred sooner and dry weight was greater in endophyte infected seedlings than endophyte free seedlings, whereas no significant differences …
