Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Livestock Production Systems In The Cameroon Sahelo-Sudanian Region, E Tedonkeng Pamo, R D. Pieper

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Sahelo-Sudanian region of Cameroon extends from 7° to 13° N. The region receives 400-1000 mm rainfall and is covered by a complex mosaic of. vegelation and plant communities. Animal production has always been a cornerstone of the economy of this region. The range use system of the region is extensive. The major problem faced by pastoralists has been a compression of their range not only by the northward-moving cultivation, but also by the southward moving desertification. Various grazing melhods have been suggested but none have yet been implemented, and nomadism and transhumance remain the major production systems. Analysis of …

Runoff Studies In Different Cropping Systems And Preliminary Results For Nitrogen Leaching, Ragnar Eltun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A cropping system project was started at Apelsvoll Research Station in 1990, with the aim of developing cropping systems to minimise nutrient leaching and maximise food quality and economy. The experiment involves cash crop and forage crop systems with conventional, integrated and organic farming. This paper presents the experimental layout and preliminary measurements of nitrogen leaching. Both drainage water concentrations and runoff results shows that nitrogen leaching is less from cropping systems dominated by forages than from cash crop systems with cereals and potatoes.

Land Subdivision In The Falkland Islands, O W. Summers, W.J R. Haydock, A Kerr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Falkland Islands agricultural industry depends mainly on wool production. This paper reviews the structure of an induslry which has changed radically in the last 10 years. Lord Shackleton completed his economic survey of the Falkland Islands in 1976 when there where only 36 fanns, most of which were owned by companies based mainly in the UK, and an absentee-landlord system prevailed. Shackleton advocated that the Falkland Islands Government should purchase large fanns and split them into smaller family units for sale to local people. Presently (1991-92) there are 92 farms and most of the Islands is in local ownership. …

Disparities In The Utilization Of Nambia's Grassland: A Need For Adjustments In The Beef Industry, Helmke Sartorius Von Bach, Johan Van Zyl

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive beef production, Namibia's life-line in agriculture, depends entirely on natural pastures. Socioeconomic and environmental disparities, namely (a) the· traditional smallholder communal sector versus the commercial sector and (b) areas in the vicinity versus distant from centralised abattoirs, are analysed by' using econometric analysis of time-series data on the regional influence of prices and· access to markets on beef numbers. This is particulary relevant because Namibia is in a process of structural adjustment, and in view of the beef sector's importance in the Namibian economy. The results accentuate the role of access to markets and productive opportunities for beef production …

Comparison Between Fodder Cropping Rotations Carried With Or Without Meadow In The Intensive Farming System Of The Po Valley Plain (Italy), Mario Onofrii, Cesare Tomasoni, Lamberto Borrelli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pour fodder cropping rotations were compared at different degrees of crop intensification: (RI) a I-year continuous monoculture of Italian ryegrass (Loll111n multij/orum Lam.) +silage maize (Zea mays L.); (R3) a 3-year rotation of Italian ryegrass+silage maize - barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)+silage mai1:e - grain maize; (R6) a 6-year rotation of Italian ryegrass+silage maize for 3 years followed by meadow for 3 years (Trifolium repe11s L. + Festuca ari111di11acea Schreb,): (PM) a monoculture of permanent meadow. The most efficient rotation for dairy cattle feeding, on sandy-loam soils, was the I-year rotation of Italian ryegrass, followed by silage maize, with 22 9S0 …

Cadmium In Soil, Pasture And Grazing Ruminants, J Lee, N D. Grace, A D. Mackay, M J. Hedley, J R. Rouce

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cadmium, present in New Zealand hill country pastures rrom Cd­amended phosphatic fertiliser use, is assimilated by grazing ruminants. Concentrations of Cd in plasma from sheep grazing pastures containing low (0.1-0.2µglg dry weight) or high (0.8-1.4 µgig dry weight) levels of Cd were 0.15±0.04 nglg and 0,35:1:0.15 ng/g, respectively (P<0.08). Cadmium in pasture was highly correlated (P<0,001) with soil O.IM HCl-extractable Cd (log10 Soiled= -0.98+0.26 Plantcd).

Nitrogen Dynamics In Three Contrasting Grassland Systems: Implications For Pasture Productivity And The Potential For Environmental Pollution, B E. Ruz-Jerez, R E. White, P Roger Ball

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrogen (N) dynamics were compared in 3 contrasting grassland systems (2 legume-based and I receiving fertiliser N) in a cool temperate region of New Zealand. The study was concentrated on the various N transfers that occurred during and after grazing. Critical periods for N loss by different processes have been identified, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of the role of N in the productivity of different types of pasture, and the potential for environmental pollution, Calculation of N inputs and outputs for the three pastures indicated that the two legume-based systems were more or less in balance, but in the …

Reduction Of Nutrient Losses For Dairy Farms, With Emphasis On Nitrogen, W Luten, D J. Den Boer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Recently the Dutch government presented several policy papers in which standards are given for maximum allowed emissions to air, groundwater and surface water. Depending on the farm situation an optimum combination of measures in relation to housing, slurry storage, slurry and fertiliser application, and composition of the ration can be taken. In general a better use of nutrients from animal manure by applying slurry with low emission techniques in the growing season and a reduction of the stocking rate by a higher milk production per cow are the most effective and cheapest measures to reach these targets. There is a …

Use Of Pasture As A Receivers For Swine Lagoon Effluent, J P. Mueller, J C. Barker, J P. Zublena, M H. Poore, R W. Harvey, J T. Green

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Swine waste management-cattle grazing systems were monitored on 2 North Carolina farms from 1990-1992, Farmers co-operated directly in the project by furnishing land, labour, equipment and cattle and by maintaining records of grazing and waste applications. Local county agricultural extension agents helped with management decisions, record­keeping and co-ordinating activities among project participants. On a fann where waste was applied to pastures for 5 years, soil N in the upper l m averaged from 230-500 kg/ha, NO3 -N in the forage remained above 10 g/kg for the grazing season and 2 of 4 test wells recorded NO3 levels above 10 mg/I. …

Pastoral Systems Of Central Himalaya: How Long Will They Survive?, K S. Rao, K G. Saxena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pastoral systems of Central Himalaya are very old and until recent time were in balance with environment, Recent changes in socio­political setup have drastically altered the status of these systems. The change of political power in trans-Himalayan Tibetean plateau has resulted in closure of international boarders, thus taking away the mercantile aspects of pastoralists and reducing pastoral area. Increased human disturbances on fragile Himalayan marginal lands and excessive onslaught on forests for fuel and fodder by the sedentary population has resulted in degradation and non-productive grasslands which do not help pastoralists sustain existing systems. Changes in relations between migratory pastoralists …

A Preliminary Discussion Of The Management And Administration Of Yunwu Mountain Natural Grassland Reserve In China, Zhao Zhiyi, Yang Ailian

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The advantages and problems encountered in the establishment of a grassland reserve are described. The conflicts between local farmers' requirement to feed and water livestock and the conservation strategy of natural grassland are discussed.

Effect Of Sewage Sludge On The Mineral Composition Of Corn, Arthur E. Peterson, P E. Speth, P L. Schlecht

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For the past 12 years, digested sewage sludge from the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District has been applied to a Plano silt loam (prairie) soil near Elkhorn, Wisconsin, and corn raised as the indicator crop. The corn has been harvested as silage and fed to dairy cnttle. The amounts of macro-, micro-, and heavy metals contained in this forage were compared with the amounts contained in the untreated areas, and in the forage produced by a sustainable agriculture study on the same experimental station. None of the heavy metals have moved out of the plough layer (lop 25 cm). The uptake …

Sustainable Direction For Resource Management An Assessment Of The Regional Council Role, Allan Lohrey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The 1980s has seen an increased world awareness of the concept of sustainability. In 1991 New Zealand enacted the Resource Management Act (RMA) which reflected society's concern for a need to consider future generations when making decisions relating to the use of natural resources. Regional councils have been allocated the role within the Act to promote sustainable management at the regional level. The short term challenge to regional councils is to manage resources in manner which strikes a pragmatic balance between the ongoing needs of society and the need to provide resources for future generations. Regional councils will know they …

Application Of Dairy Manure On Alfalfa, Stephen J. Herbert, Jayarm Daliparthy, P L.M Veneman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Applying dairy manure to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as ,in alternative 10 excess application to· corn (Zea mays L.) may reduce nitrate pollution of groundwater. Field experiments were conducted at 2 sites in Massachusetts, USA, lo study the impact or dairy manure application to alfalfa on forage yield, weed infestation· and nitrate movement. Treatments were an unfertilized (no N) check.· plot, low and high manure (112 and 336 kg N/ha/year equivalerit), and low and high N fertiliser (112 and 336 kg N/ha/year from NH4NO3),'. Liquid dairy manure was applied 10 • alfalfa immediately· after 1st· cutting during spring …

Postharvest Blown-Arc Plasma Treatment Did Not Reduce Fusarium Graminearum Or Its Mycotoxins In Field-Infested Wheat Grain, Maninder Kaur, M Kowalczyk, Daniel Huberli, Kirsty L. Bayliss

Biosecurity Research Articles

The increasing prevalence of Fusarium graminearum, a major causative pathogen of Fusarium head blight in cereal crops, leads to contamination of grain with mycotoxins, which necessitates the development of effective management strategies. This study investigated whether postharvest Blown-Arc plasma treatment could reduce F. graminearum and associated mycotoxins in field-infested grain. Postharvest Blown-Arc plasma treatment for 60 or 180 s was trialled to reduce Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins in field-infested wheat grain. Changes in fungal components of the grain microbiome following the treatment were assessed using metabarcoding analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer gene region, …

Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus And Its Management In Lupins, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is an aphid-transmitted virus that commonly causes necrotic symptoms that kills lupin plants when infected early before pod set. When plants are infected after pod set, black pods develop (known as black pod syndrome).

BYMV is found predominantly in high rainfall areas of the Western Australian (WA) grainbelt. This page outlines the symptoms, diagnosis, factors favouring disease risk and spread, yield and quality impacts, and management for BYMV in lupin crops in WA

Cucumber Mosaic Virus And Its Management In Narrow Leafed Lupins, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a seed- and aphid-borne virus that infects narrow-leafed lupins. Western Australian (WA) grainbelt regions most at risk are the high rainfall zones of the northern and central agricultural region and the south coastal region.

The principal infection source for lupin crops is sowing infected lupin seed.

Frost Tools And Support, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

The department plays a major role in addressing the impact of frost on Western Australian (WA) growers through a combination of on-farm research and development activities, and online tools and advice.

We lead the management program of the Grains Research Development Corporation (GRDC) National Frost Initiative, which is an integrated program that addresses genetic, management and environmental approaches to mitigate the effects of frost.

The objective is to provide the Australian grains industry with targeted research, development, and extension solutions to manage the impact of frost and minimise seasonal profit variability.

Ascochyta Blight Disease And Its Management In Faba Beans, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

This factsheet summarises the symptoms, disease risk, infection cycle and control measures for Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) in faba bean compared to the diseases, Alternaria and Cercospora.

Blackleg And Its Management In Canola, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is the most common and serious disease of canola in Western Australia (WA). Blackleg can cause significant damage by infecting the cotyledons or first leaves early in the season, leading ultimately to crown lesions or cankers later in the season.

Changes in variety choice, crop rotation, earlier sowing times, and stubble retention have extended the risk of blackleg disease. Because of early emergence, later stages of crop growth are more likely to be exposed and infection can occur on all parts of the plant above ground, including canola flowers, stems, and branches (this …