Origin And Regulation Of Nutrient Supply To Plants In Humid Tropical Grasslands,
2024
Laboratorie d'Ecologie des Sols Tropicaux Centre Orston
Origin And Regulation Of Nutrient Supply To Plants In Humid Tropical Grasslands, Patrick Lavelle, Michael J. Swift
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stocks and fluxes of carbon and nutrients ln tropical grasslands are determined by a suite of hierarchically organised factors.· Rain foll patterns and edaphic factors first determine the nature of the vegetation, the quantity and quality of organic inputs, and the relative allocation to the production of shoots or roots. Grazing by cattle or native herbivores, and fires, are other processes that significantly affect nutcient cycling. The nature and intensity of constraints exerted by these factors separate different types of tropical grasslands, i.e., savannas induced by the seasonality and limited abundance of rainfall, savannas induced by the poverty of soils …
Viability Of Grass-White Clover Swards For Dairying Production In The Uk,
2024
SAC
Viability Of Grass-White Clover Swards For Dairying Production In The Uk, J A. Bax, G.E J. Fisher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The potential of extensification to reduce production within the BC has increased interest in the use of white clover (Trifolium repens) for milk production. In a long-term system study to determine the potential of white clover, 2 herds of 70 cows were managed on either grass swards plus 350 kg N/ha/annum or on grass-white clover swards which received no inorganic N. Continuous grazing and up to 3 conservation cuts a year had no adverse effects upon clover contents in the mixed swards. Total silage OM yields/ha from the grass-white clover swards were 0,82, 0.81 and 0.96 of those …
Choosing A Forage System For The Future In Dairying Production In The Western Part Of France,
2024
Chambre d' Agriculture
Choosing A Forage System For The Future In Dairying Production In The Western Part Of France, Eric P. Gendron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A group of 25 dairy farms (44 ha, 38 cows, 7500 kg of milk/cow) was used for elaborating technical and economic references on dairy production systems in the department of Maine et Loire (western France), between 1986 and 1991. Changes in choosing a forage system began with the restriction of dairy production under EC rules introduced in 1984. Very intensive systems (over 10 000 kg of milk/ ha) no longer guaranteed that a better level of production per cow meant a better income for the farmer. After 5 years of study it was possible to propose 4 forage systems with …
Effect Of Grazing Order On Live-Weight Gain Of Young Female Beef Cattle,
2024
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Effect Of Grazing Order On Live-Weight Gain Of Young Female Beef Cattle, Jose Fernando Piva Lobato, Blas H.J Cristaldo Albospino, Fernando Rigo Magalhaves, Assan Ali Taher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to evaluate the daily live-weight gain and overall live weight of 2 groups of 30 female beef calves from weaning until 2 years of age, an experiment was run at Field Station al Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul district. Group A was introduced to the paddocks first, and the animals were allowed to graze half the available pasture. These animals were then removed and group B was introduced and grazed the remaining available pasture, During the first (28 June 1990-19 October 1990), and second (12 June 1991-16 October 1991 ), winter-spring seasons, …
Animal Keeping By Grazing,
2024
Debrecen University of Agricultural Sciences
Animal Keeping By Grazing, I Vinczeffy, M Kota
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study calls attention to some important parameters and effects of the pasture and grazing, on the basis of our experiments carried out during the last 45 years.
Flood-Tolerant Pastures For Dairying In Northland,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Flood-Tolerant Pastures For Dairying In Northland, P W. Woods, J N. Couchman, A O. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Much flood-prone land in Northland consists of fertile alluvial flats which are or could be used for dairy production. Heavy rainfall from subtropical cyclonic dislurbances have caused severe pastoral damage to these areas by flooding during late summer and early autumn. A range of pasture species were screened to ascertain plant surviv_al under depleted oxygen levels and warm temperatures which occur in flood water during summer. Subtropical grasses screened tended to survive immersion better than temperate species. Creeping grasses such as Hemarthria altissima and Paspalum distichum were more tolerant than P. dilatatum. Of the temperate species, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum …
Selecting Lucerne Cultivars For Commercial Crop Processing And Fractionation In New South Wales, Australia,
2024
CSIRO
Selecting Lucerne Cultivars For Commercial Crop Processing And Fractionation In New South Wales, Australia, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, F Falconer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study was undertaken in the Lachlari River irrigation basin located in the central west region of New South Wales to obtain the fractionation characteristics of 23 varieties of lucerne (Medicago sativa) grown as pure crop stands on a commercial lucerne establishment and select for further study those varieties that showed potential for crop fractionation purposes. The results indicate that of the 23 varieties tested, 9 showed potential for commercial-scale fractionation. These were the Aurora, Trifecta, WL605, Hunterfield, GT58, Sequel, Validor, CUFlOI and Pioneer 5929 with the first three giving the highest yields of crop dry matter, crude …
Effect Of Seasonal Variation In The Fractionation Pattern Of Lucerne Selected For Commercial Crop Processing In Australia, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, C J. Pearson, L M. Shields
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study was conducted on an irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa) crop (cv. Aurora) harvested at the late vegetative stage of maturity for processing and fractionation during autumn, spring, early and late summer. The experiment was carried out using replicated commercial-sized irrigation bays with lucerne dry matter (DM) yields estimated to average some 19 t OM/ha/year. Despite irrigation, the lucerne harvested during the late summer season had the lowest nitrogen content at the time of harvest and yielded less lower crude protein lucerne extract as compared to those crops harvested during the spring and autumn seasons. The lower efficiency …
Direct Drilling Forage Maize Into Dairy Pastures In South-Eastern Australia,
2024
Institute for Sustainable Agriculture
Direct Drilling Forage Maize Into Dairy Pastures In South-Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage maize (Zea mays) was planted directly into uncultivated dairy pastures after desiccation. A planter specially developed for this purpose, which used coulters, tynes and narrow rotary hoes to place fertiliser and seed precisely, achieved excellent crop establishment in dense redbrown earth soils. Yields were up to 22.7 t of dry matter/ha, similar to that of cultivated seedbeds with flood irrigation and 10% less than with furrow irrigation. Key agronomic requirements for success were a specialised planter, good surface drainage, adequate pre- and postplanting weed control and a requirement for early application of irrigation water and nitrogen fertiliser. …
Breeding To Reduce Susceptibility To Bloat In Dairy Cattle,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Breeding To Reduce Susceptibility To Bloat In Dairy Cattle, C A. Morris, R J. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An experiment with Friesian x Jersey cross cattle was established in 1972 at Ruakura, in order to select in 2 closed herds for high (HS) or low (LS) susceptibility to pasture bloat. By the 1990 calf crop, there was a difference in adjusted bloat score between herds of 0.94 units (1.93 genetic standard deviations). The repeatability and heritability of a single bloat score were 0.13+0.02, and 0.12+0.06, with a heritability of 0.52+0.22 for mean bloat score. Annual death rates from bloat have averaged 2.6% in the HS herd and 0.8% in the LS herd (0% in the LS herd for …
Mixed Herb Ley No Advantage Over Ryegrass-White Clover Pasture For Early Lamb Growth,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Mixed Herb Ley No Advantage Over Ryegrass-White Clover Pasture For Early Lamb Growth, I Popay, W Stiefel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The performance of lambs at 2 stocking rates, on either ryegrasswhite clover (Lolium perenne- Trifolium repens) pasture or on a mixed herb ley, were compared under a system which precluded use of pesticides (including drenches) and highly soluble fertilisers. The mixed herb ley included 8 grasses, 5 legumes and 3 herbs: chicory (Cichorium lntybus), sheep's burnet (Sangulsorba minor ssp. muricata) and narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata). In the first grazing cycle, there were no significant differences in lamb growth rates, nor in faecal egg counts, between the two pasture types, although in the …
Use Of Italian Ryegrass To Increase Feed Production From Dairy Pastures In Northern New Zealand,
2024
Dairying Research Corporation
Use Of Italian Ryegrass To Increase Feed Production From Dairy Pastures In Northern New Zealand, E R. Thom, R A. Prestidge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect on pasture production In late winter-early spring was examined by direct drilling Italian ryegrass (Lolilum multiflorum Lam. cv, Concord) into plots previously sprayed with glyphosate or undersowing into existing pasture in autumn 1989 and 1990. Nitrogen fertiliser (25 kg N/ha) was applied to half the area of each plot on 3 occasions during winter. Concord ryegrass was also direct drilled after spraying wilh glyphosate in late summer (February) and autumn (March) in a third experiment in 1991. All plots were rotationally grazed by cows. On average for late winter-early spring 1989 and 1990, direct-drilled and undersown plots …
Effect Of A Reduction In Concentrate Price On Feed Costs And Its Implication For Grass Silage In The Diet Of Lactating Dairy Cows,
2024
Moorepark Research Centre
Effect Of A Reduction In Concentrate Price On Feed Costs And Its Implication For Grass Silage In The Diet Of Lactating Dairy Cows, S Fitzgerald
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The proposed reduction in the price of cereals (29%) under the EC price reform proposals for agricultural produce will have n large effect on feed costs and on the balance between grass silage and concentrates in the diet of lactating dairy cows while indoors. The effect of n reduction in the price of dairy concentrates with varying silage production costs on the daily feed costs for a 525 kg cow yielding 25 kg milk/day in early lactation, while losing 0.5 kg/day body weight, was calculated when given a mixed diet of grass silage and concentrates to provide an MB intake …
Development Of A Genotype For Out-Of-Season Lambing,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Development Of A Genotype For Out-Of-Season Lambing, J F. Smith, D L. Johnson, T C. Reid
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A flock derived from Polled Dorset x Romney sheep has been selected for advanced lambing date for 20 years. After 15 years over 90% of selected ewes displayed the ability to lamb in autumn, Genetic parameters have been analysed and high heritability (0.23) and repeatability (0.36) estimated. Current research is aimed at selection of divergent flocks based on use of breeding values for date of lambing and the elucidation of what has altered in the physiological and endocrinological mechanisms controlling the onset of breeding season and also the identification of early indicator traits in the male and female progeny, Preliminary …
United States Forage Exports To Japan And Korea,
2024
Washington State University
United States Forage Exports To Japan And Korea, William P. Ford
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bxports are becoming an important market for the western USA forage producer. Forage products exported are: lucerne hay and cubes, timothy hay, oat hay, sudangrass hay, and perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass straw, Demand for forage products from Japan is now playing an increasing role on West Coast markets. In 1991, Japan Imported 720 214 t of lucerne hay cubes, The USA supplies approximately 77% of these lucerne cubes and Canada about 21 %, Baled hay imports for Japan totalled 1 038 297 t in 1991. 87% of these hay products came from the USA. Total hay and cube imports …
Intensive Lucerne Production In Washington,
2024
Washington State University
Intensive Lucerne Production In Washington, William P. Ford, Dayid W. Evans
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hay is the sixth valuable agricultural commoditing in the state of Washington in the USA. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was grown on 190350 ha and represents 74% of all hay, 36% of the state's lucerne acreage and 48% of its production was found in two counties. Three to 5 harvests per year can be made in Central Washington. Lucerne farms under intensive management can yield as much as 22.4 Mg of 12% moisture hay/ha. A balance between stand maintenance, high yields and good quality hay can be obtained by cutting lucerne at the bud stage of growth. In 1991, over …
Use Of Irrigated Lucerne At Different Growth Stages Ii. Utilization For Milk Production,
2024
Quilamapu Experimental Station
Use Of Irrigated Lucerne At Different Growth Stages Ii. Utilization For Milk Production, Ernesto John, Agustin Vidal, Fernando Baez, Patricio Soto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lactating cows were assigned in a random block design to 6 treatments in a 3x2 factorial arrangement: 3 growth stages pre-bud (PB), 10% flower ( I OPP) and 50% flower (50PF), leaving 2 post-grazing residuals, high (HR) and low (LR).· Treatments were evaluated in 2 seasons, November-January (Sl) and January-March (S2). Forty-eight cows were used in each of the two seasons. During Sl milk production per cow (kg/day) was 20.0, 18,9 and 17.2 for PB, IOPF and 50PF for low residuals and 19.5; 19.8 and 20.3 for high residuals, respectively. For S2 milk production was lower but followed similar trends. …
Role Of Pasture Composition And Grazing Management In Affecting The Incidence Of Bloat On Farms,
2024
Ruakura Agricultural Centre
Role Of Pasture Composition And Grazing Management In Affecting The Incidence Of Bloat On Farms, V R. Carruthers, G J. Brier, H V. Henderson, J.A S. Lancaster, D A. Mccallum
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Farm operations, pasture composition and pre- and post-grazing association with herbage mass were monitored from May 1990 to November 1991 on 16 pairs of dairy farms. Each pair included one farm with a history of bloat despite routine use of chemical preventatives (bloat-prone) and one farm which did not routinely use chemicals to prevent bloat rarely observed bloat (bloat-free). The incidence of bloat during spring was low in both years. From August to November bloat-free farms had less ryegrass (Lolium) (58%, v. 66%) and more other grass species (25% v. 17%) in pasture, and higher pre- and post-grazing …
Digestion And Rumen Metabolism Of Forages By Red Deer, Goats And Sheep,
2024
Massey University
Digestion And Rumen Metabolism Of Forages By Red Deer, Goats And Sheep, T N. Barry, B M.F Dominngue, D O. Freudenberger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Digestive efficiency was compared in Red deer, goats and sheep fed chaffed lucerne hay (Experiment 1), Goats digested fibre more efficiently than sheep and had the greatest rate of rumen ammonia production, Red deer showed the capacity to increase VFI from winter (W) to summer (S) without depressing apparent digestibility, through slowing the rate of rumen particulate outflow. Fractional outflow rate (FOR) of water from the rumen and the ratio FOR water/ FOR particulate matter were both considerably greater for deer than for sheep and goats. It was concluded that this would enable deer to digest soluble ration components more …
Development Of Specialist Forage Systems For Deer Production,
2024
Massey University
Development Of Specialist Forage Systems For Deer Production, T N. Barry, J H. Niezen, G Semiadi, J Hodgson, P R. Wilson, A M. Ataja
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Red clover (RC) (Trlfolium pratense L.) and chicory (C) (Cichorium intybus L.) were evaluated in 3 experiments as alternative forages to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (0.85)-white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (0.15) pasture (PRG) for deer production. During lactation (summer), fawns grazed with their hinds on RC grew faster (410-433 g/day) than their contemporaries reared on PRO (322/g/day). Fawns reared on C during lactation were intermediate, From weaning to 12 months of age, young deer were consistently heavier when grazing RC than PRG, with the advantage at 12 months being 7 kg for stags and 3 …
