Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Herbicide Management For Bromus Tectorum To Enhance Rangeland Productivity In Western Nebraska, Miranda Mueller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum (L.), has increased in the mixed-grass prairies of the Nebraska Panhandle. Limited research is available in these ecosystems on the ecological factors that influences its spread and options for management. This study focuses on the efficacy of herbicide treatments (indaziflam and imazapic) as a cheatgrass control method on the native rangelands of western Nebraska. In September of 2022, a mixture of indaziflam (73 g ai ha^-1, Rejuvra) and imazapic (70 g ai ha^-1, Plateau) was aerially applied at 6 unique upland ecological sites (1-3 ha) near Scottsbluff, Nebraska. Functional group plant biomass data …

Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests 2024, F. Bourland, J. Gann, B. Lovelady, B. Guest Jr., J. Mcalee, L. Martin, Z. Treadway, C. Henderson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. These annual evaluations will then facilitate the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production. Adaptation of varieties is determined by evaluating the lines at five University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture research sites (Manila, Keiser, Judd Hill, Marianna, and Rohwer). The 2024 tests at Keiser were adversely affected …

Pesticide Use In Integrated Pest And Pollinator Management Framework To Protect Pollinator Health, Ngoc B. Phan, David J. Biddinger, Edwin G. Rajotte, Guy Smagghe, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Zong-Xin Ren, Neelendra K. Joshi

Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Agricultural pesticides have historically been a critical tool in controlling pests and diseases, preventing widespread suffering and crop losses that led to catastrophes such as the Great Irish Famine (1845–1852) and the Cotton Boll Weevil Infestation (1915–1916). However, their usage has brought challenges, including resistance development, secondary pest outbreaks, harm to non-target organisms like pollinators, and environmental contamination. In response to these concerns, integrated pest management (IPM) has emerged as a comprehensive approach, emphasizing non-chemical pest control methods such as cultural practices, biological control, and crop rotation, with pesticides as the last resort. IPM has evolved, influenced by regulations like …

Genetic And Soil Influences On The Grapevine Rhizosphere Microbiome, Lauren M. Quackenbush

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In vineyard cropping systems, the rhizosphere microbiome arises through recruitment and filtering of the bulk soil microbiome shaped over time by soil carbon and nitrogen, climate, pH and historical legacies of vineyard management. The recruitment and filtering steps occur under the genetic influences of rootstock and scion that together drive variability in rhizosphere microbiome diversity and composition.

This study compares rhizosphere microbiomes of four Pinot Noir blocks under two rootstocks (101-14 and 420A) and four scions (777, 828, Calera, Mt. Eden). Core microbiomes were consistent across all replicates. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteriota …

Addressing Agricultural Mulch Challenges In Specialty Crop Production, Caleb David Wehrbein

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Agricultural mulches are an essential yield-boosting tool in modern specialty crop production that provide weed suppression, temperature modulation, and moisture conservation functions. Polyethylene plastic mulches are the most widely used agricultural mulch but are not sustainable given their pollutive effect on the environment and challenges associated with recycling. In order to move towards a more sustainable industry, plastic mulch use in agriculture should become more efficient or replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives. Biodegradable mulches may be a suitable alternative to plastic mulch, but they are often less durable and prematurely degrade in field conditions. Considering this, my dissertation research …

Nitrogen Application Enhances The Radiation Use Efficiency And Quality Of Cotton (Gossipum Hirsutum L.) Under Divergent Agro-Ecological Conditions Of Pakistan, Amjed Ali, Safdar Hussain, Wajid Nazeer, Muhammad Sarwar, Masood Qadir, Mubashar Nadeem, Javeria Sherani

Journal of Bioresource Management

Cotton being a cash crop plays a pivotal role in the economy of Pakistan. Climate change has a pronounced impact on radiation use efficiency and quality of cotton fiber. To find out how nitrogen affected the radiation use efficiency and fiber quality of cotton cultivars in Punjab, a field study using a split-plot design was carried out. The study under representation was conducted in three different locations over the course of two years (2016 and 2017): Adaptive Research Farm in Dera Ghazi Khan, The Regional Agriculture Research Institute, Bahawalpur and The College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha. Three cotton cultivars …

Use Of Biochar And Industrial Hemp For Remediation Of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil: Root Uptake And Translocations For Cd, Pb, And Zn, Sophie Sward, Kristofor R. Brye, David M. Miller, Dietrich V. Thurston

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Phytoremediation has been reported as a more energy-efficient, and therefore cost-effective, method of environmental restoration compared to traditional remediation methods for heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Biochar has been shown to have variable effects on remediation potential in heavy-metal-contaminated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil contamination level (i.e., low, medium, and high), industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar (i.e., ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’), biochar rate (i.e., 0, 2, 5, and 10% by volume), and their interactions on root tissue Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations and uptakes; whole-plant Cd, Pb, and Zn uptakes; and translocation factors after 90 …

Harvest Management And Regrowth Of Trifolium Alexandrinum, R E. Joost, J D. Mooso

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Adaptation of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) beyond the coastal regions of the southeastern United States was limited by a lack of cold tolerance prior to the release of 'Bigbee', a selection from a stand of 'Sacromonte' subjected to temperature of -15 and -18 Con successive nights in 1972. The release of Bigbee in 1985 expanded the range of berseem clover adaptation to include the entire Southeast, as far north as Oklahoma (Knight, 1985). It is known that annual clovers do not rely on root reserve carbohydrates, but rather on residual leaf area and rapid leaf regeneration from active …

Variation In Response To Phosphorus Among Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Cultivars, Jeffrey Cole Denis Gregorie

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and is often a major limiting nutrient in agriculture. In sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), studies on the role of P on storage root yield have been limited because of the lack of response and inconsistent results across cultivars and years. Growing evidence shows that current phosphate (Pi) fertilizer rates can be reduced while maintaining productivity. Newly published molecular evidence shows differential expression of phosphate starvation response genes among sweetpotato cultivars, further supporting the hypothesis of cultivar-specific Pi sensitivity. The research herein sought to characterize root system architecture and yield response to Pi …

Transferability Of Soil Management Assessment Framework Indices To Detect Best Soil Management Strategies In Tropical Agroecosystems, Helen C.S. Amorium, Amanda Ashworth, Gerson L. Drescher, Mohkam Singh, Marcio R. Nunes

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Soil management assessment framework (SMAF) algorithms have not been validated for tropical soils, which can prevent proper SMAF-based soil health monitoring. This study tested SMAF's ability to detect soil health as affected by soil management practices in the Mid-South United States and Brazil for improving SMAF performance in tropical regions. Eleven SMAF studies published in Brazil (n = 166) and 56 from the Mid-South United States (n = 500) were compiled. Management groups were perennial (PER), no-till (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) systems. In the United States, SMAF soil quality index decreased as follows: PER >= RT …

Hordeum I Genome Unlocks Adaptive Evolution And Genetic Potential For Crop Improvement, Hao Feng, Qingwei Du, Ying Jiang, Yong Jia, Tianhua He, Yibin Wang, Brett Chapman, Jiaxin Yu, Hiawen Zhang, Mengxue Gu, Mengwei Jiang, Shanshan Gao, Xinjie Zhang, Yameng Song, Vanika Garg, Rajeev K. Varshney, Jianhua Wei, Chengdao Li, Xingtan Zhang, Ruifen Li

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are invaluable for crop improvement. Among these, Hordeum I-genome species exhibit exceptional tolerance to alkali and salt stresses. Here we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Hordeum brevisubulatum (II, 2n = 2x =14) and genome resequencing of 38 diploid germplasms spanning 7 I-genome species. We reveal that the adaptive evolution of the H. brevisubulatum genome is shaped by structural variations, some of which may contribute to its adaptation to high alkali and salt environments. Evolutionary duplication of the stress sensor-responder module CaBP-NRT2 and the horizontally transferred fungal gene Fhb7 were identified as novel alkaline–saline …

Closing Ceremony Speech, S. Ray Smith

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Soil Compaction And Novel Traffic Systems In Ryegrass Grown For Silage: Effects On Herbage Yield, Quality And Nitrogen Uptake, J T. Douglas, C E. Crawford

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland soils, on which the crop is managed for conser­vation as silage, receive large amounts of vehicle and machinery traffic : rolling and multiple slurry and fertilizers applications, plus multiple harvests, are all activities which are potentially damaging to soil and sward. A number of short-term studies in the UK (Frame, 1987 and Frost, 1988) and elsewhere (Luten and Roozeboom, 1976, and Rasmussen and M¢ller, 1981) have indicated that dry matter yield can be reduced as a consequence of stress imparted to soil by agricultural tyres. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of information on the influence of soil compaction …

Contribution Of Red Clover To Maize Grain Yields, K D. Johnson, D K. Greene, J H. Cherney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Renewed emphasis has been placed on crop rotation systems that include a perennial legume. Reasons for this interest include protection of soil from erosion, protection of ground water from nitrate contamination, reduction of soil compac­tion, and potential for fewer inputs which could reduce costs of grain production. Barnes et al. (1985) reported that a nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) selected for increased Nin the root and crown had similar summer herbage yield as adapted dormant cultivars, but provided 62 % more symbiotically fixed N for a following crop than dormant cultivars. If most benefit is to be derived from cultivars …

Analysis Of The Effect On N Nutrition On Dry Matter Yield Of A Sward By Reference To Potential Yield And Optimum N Content, G Lemaire, F Gastal, J Salette

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Previous work has shown that the N content of a sward could be related to the dry matter accumulation during the course of the regrowth by the following equation : N % = a(Wtb, where W is the weight of aboveground biomass and N % the N concentration of dry matter (Salette & Lemaire, 1981). The coefficient a represents the N % for an aerial biomass of I t/ha, and b characterizes the degree of dilution of N during the regrowth. When b = 0, N % remains constant during the regrowth. If b = I, there is an increase …

Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Humid Pampa, 10 millions of ha present intrazonal hydromorphic alkaline soils with low P assimilable content and cyclic floods and droughts. Gramineous native ranges utilized for extensive cattle raising with low productivity levels occupy 70 % of the area. The lack of adapted legume and grass genotypes and little information about grazing management makes it difficult to increase production through implanted pastures due to their low persistence (Darwich and Gonzalez, 1982). To modify this situation an interdisciplinary study of four forage mixtures integrated by promising germplasm for that conditions was carried out. This paper is part of that …

Strategies Of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applications To Grassland For Beef: Effects On Production And Soil Mineral Nitrogen, N M. Titchen, R J. Wilkins, L Philipps, D Scholefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments in Britain have shown beef production increases with fertilizer-N application to grazed grassland up to at least 300 kg N/ha (Wilkins et al., 1987; Baker and Mayne, 1988). However in view of the small offtake of N in the animal products (c.30 kg/ha) there is increased concern on the fate of the applied N, particularly in relation to loss of nitrate by leaching (Garwood and Ryden, 1986). This paper reports a 3-year experiment which examined the impact on production and on N movements of different strategies of fertilizer-N appli­cation and of the effects of removing grazing livestock at the …

Biomass Production And Nitrogen Transfer In Mixed Cropping With Glycine Max (L) Merr. And Sorghum Biocolor Moench, S Ogata, K Kuwata, H Saneoka, K Fujita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is well known that the mixed-cropping of legumes and grasses benefits the productivity and management of pastures (Ogata et al., 1986; Kawamoto et al., 1983). However, the effect of mixed-croppings on forage biomass production, and how to transfer N fixed to the associated gramineous plants in fields of low N fertility, is less well known (Simpson, 1965). The N accumulation and the transference ofN fixed in mix­tures of forage type soybean and sorghum were studied as a model system.

Changes In Vegetation Of Various Meadows Under Differential Mineral Fertilization, S Benedycki, S Grzegorczyk, M Mlynarczyk, K Grabowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Permanent meadows and pastures occurring in the Mazurian Lake District (North-eastern part of Poland) constitute 32 % of arable lands. Most meadows are situated on peat soils (Olkowski, 1972). Continuous and successive changes take place in such populations. The moment some species decline, the number of others increases which are better adjusted to site conditions or human activity such as fertilization and the way of land use. These changes occur with different intensity depen­ding on fertilizer doses, land use and site conditions which have not been well recognized with regard to permanent meadows (Olkowski and Olesinski, 1976, Eilart, 1986). Determination …

Developing Effective Nutrient Seed Coatings For Grasses And Legumes, J M. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed coatings provide a unique opportunity to supply developing seedlings with a source of nutrients to which each sown seedling has preferential access compared to neighbour­ing weeds, thus providing the seedlings with a competitive advantage during pasture establishment. A study of commer­cially prepared nutrient coatings (containing nitrogen [NJ, phosphorus [P] and sulfur [SJ) applied to seeds of perennial rye­grass showed that whilst the S component of the coating was effective, the P component was only partially effective, and the N component was ineffective in alleviating the respective soil nutrient deficiencies (Scott et al., 1985). The successful development of nutrient seed …