Observations Sur La Dissemination D’Epichloe Typhina, L’Agent De La Quenouille Des Graminees Et Reflexions Sur Les Diverses Especes D’Acremonium,
2025
lnstitut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon
Observations Sur La Dissemination D’Epichloe Typhina, L’Agent De La Quenouille Des Graminees Et Reflexions Sur Les Diverses Especes D’Acremonium, G Raynal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La quenouille des graminees est due a l'Ascomycete Epichloe typhina (Pers. ex Fr.) Tulasne. Des l'epiaison, Jes inflorescences malades sont emprisonnees clans un manchon blanc (stade asexue Sphacelia typhina = Acremonium typhinum), qui prend progressivement une couleur orangee, pour donner le sympt6me typique de quenouille. Le stroma des quenouilles renferme Jes loges peritheciales caracterisant le stade sexue Epichloe et produisant Jes ascospores responsables des contaminations. De nombreuses graminees sont attaquees, dont le dactyle ( Dactylis glomerata L.), qui peut subir de serieux dommages en France clans Jes regions de production de semence. En effet, Jes fleurs ne peuvent pas, …
Mycoflora Response To Burning On Sand Prairie,
2025
Illinois State University
Mycoflora Response To Burning On Sand Prairie, S S. Dhillon, C Anderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The rhizoplane and root interior support different populations of microorganisms. A large number of these organisms are microfungi. Studies have shown that fire induced changes are favourable for some groups of microorganisms following grasslands fires. However, most studies have dealt with the effect of burning on surface and subsurface soil organisms but none have examined rhizoplane fungi. This study was conducted to examine little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), a native prairie grass species, biomass production and associated vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (V AM) and rhizoplane mycoflora and their response to burning.
Recent Effects Of Acremonium Coenophialum On The Performance Of Beef Cattle Grazing Festuca Arundinacea,
2025
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Recent Effects Of Acremonium Coenophialum On The Performance Of Beef Cattle Grazing Festuca Arundinacea, H A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren, A B. Chestnut, J C. Waller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Infection of tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.) plants by the endophytic fungus A. coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Garns is associated with substantial economic reduction in grazing animal performance (Bacon and Siegel, 1988 ; Bush and Burrus, 1988 ; Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). This problem is serious in the transition zone of the eastern U.S.A., affecting over 12 million ha of pasture land.
Mutualistic Symbiosis Of Tall Fescue And Fungal Endophyte,
2025
University of Georgia
Mutualistic Symbiosis Of Tall Fescue And Fungal Endophyte, C S. Hoveland, C W. Bacon, N S. Hill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The greatly improved performance of livestock consuming low-endophyte tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) forage has stimulated production of endophyte-free seed and replanting Acremonium coenophialum infected pastures (Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Since endophytic fungi co-evolved with their host and are non-pathogenic, the endophyte-plant relationship is likely a mutualistic symbiosis (Bacon and Siegel, 1988). An important question arises as to whether tall fescue free of the endophyte will have the same productivity and persistence as infected grass in stressful environments. If the fungus benefits from the association by receiving nutrients, protection, reproduction, and dissemination, then the plant may be aided by …
Effect Of Differing Levels Of Acremonium Coenophialum Infection Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) On Bovine Serum Prolactin,
2025
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Effect Of Differing Levels Of Acremonium Coenophialum Infection Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) On Bovine Serum Prolactin, A B. Chestnut, B H. Erickson, P P. Mckenzie, H A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren, J C. Waller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Depressed concentrations of serum prolactin (PRL) have been observed in cattle grazing tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.) infected with the endophytic fungus A. coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Garns (Thompson et al, 1987). Lower PRL concentrations may be partially responsible for poor performance of cattle consuming endophyte infected (E+ ) vs .. noninfected (E-) fescue since PRL is involved in mammary gland development, thermoregulation, and immune response. To determine the relationship between PRL concentration in cattle and percent E + plants in pastures they graze, studies were conducted at two locations in Tennessee.
Reaction Of Macroptilium Atropurpureum (Dc) Urb. Accessions To Angular Leaf Spot Caused By Isariopsis Griseola Sacc.,
2025
University of Florida
Reaction Of Macroptilium Atropurpureum (Dc) Urb. Accessions To Angular Leaf Spot Caused By Isariopsis Griseola Sacc., R M. Sonoda, A E. Kretschmer Jr
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Macroptilium atropurpureum (D.C.) Urb. is a viny tropical legume, native to central America and tropical South America (Tothill 1966), with potential for pasture use in south Florida and other parts of the tropics and subtropics (Kretschmer, 1972). Isariopsis griseola Sacc. causes leaf spotting and defoliation of M. atropurpureum cultivar 'Siratro' in Florida (Lenne and Sonoda, 1985), in early spring and late fall, when forage availability is minimal. The disease is also present in native populations of M. atropurpureum in South and Central America (Lenne and Sonoda, 1985). I. griseola is generally considered to cause only minor damage (Lenne and …
Importance Of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight Of The Promising Tropical Pasture Legume Genus Centrosema,
2025
CIAT
Importance Of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight Of The Promising Tropical Pasture Legume Genus Centrosema, J M. Lenne, G Olaya, J W. Miles
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Centrosema is a well-known American legume genus adapted to a wide range of tropical and subtropical environments. Several species have considerable potential as pasture legumes (Clements et al., 1983). Of 38 genera of fungal pathogens recorded on Centrosema, Rhizoctonia species, the causal agents of foliar blight, are regarded as the most damaging (Lenne et al., 1988).
Problems Associated With Evaluation Of Disease Of Perennial Pasture Plants - Some Recommendations,
2025
CIAT
Problems Associated With Evaluation Of Disease Of Perennial Pasture Plants - Some Recommendations, Jillian M. Lenne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most of the existing pasture disease evaluation methodology has been developed for temperate grass and legume monocultures. Many techniques have been derived from annual crops with little modification and limited research has been done on perennial grass-legume pastures. Perennial pastures are heterogenous communities of various species of many ages supporting continuous pathogen associations. Because of temporal and spatial variation, diseases are difficult to evaluate and techniques are largely inadequate.
Fungal Diseases Limiting Productivity Of Annual Pasture Legumes In Western Australia,
2025
Baron Hay Court
Fungal Diseases Limiting Productivity Of Annual Pasture Legumes In Western Australia, M Barbetti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and medic (Medicago species) form the basis of most annual pastures in Western Australia with approximately 6.5 and 1 million hectares sown respectively. Fungal pathogens cause a wide range of sporadic epidemics and insidious decline problems and have had a significant impact on the productivity of annual legume pastures during the past two decades (Johnstone and Barbetti, 1987). This paper outlines the fungal diseases involved in limiting production of annual pasture legumes in Western Australia and discusses control strategy options for the most important diseases.
Variation In Hypericum Perforatum L. In Australia,
2025
NSW Agriculture
Variation In Hypericum Perforatum L. In Australia, M H. Campbell, C E. May, I A. Southwell, J D. Tomlinson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Australia Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) is a major weed of pastures because it replaces useful vegetation, causes photosensitisation in grazing animals, depresses their central nervous system and renders them hypersensitive to temperature change and handling (Campbell and Delfosse, 1984). H. perforatum infested 188,000 ha in New South Wales (N.S.W.) in 1976, (Campbell, 1977) and 173,000 ha in Victoria in 1983 (Shepherd, 1983). Specimens of H. perforatum collected in 1929 in N.S.W., Victoria and South Australia were classed as the narrow leaved var. angustifolium De Candolle (Calvert, 1930, 1932) at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (B. Mathew, pers. …
Modalites D’Etude Des Nouvelles Varietes De Plantes Fourrageres Perennes En Vue De L’Inscription Au Catalogue Francias,
2025
INRA/GEVES
Modalites D’Etude Des Nouvelles Varietes De Plantes Fourrageres Perennes En Vue De L’Inscription Au Catalogue Francias, R Allerit, X Ballot, Francoise Blouet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
L'ouverture de catalogues pour les especes fourrageres perennes remonte deja en France a plusieurs decennies, a la suite de la creation du Comite Technique Permanent de la Selection (C.T.P.S.); le premier fut celui de la luzerne en 1950, et le dernier en date est celui des bromes (catharticus et sitchensis) ouvert en 1982. Dans tous les cas, l'ouverture d'une liste offi.cielle se justifiait par des travaux de selection suffi.samment avances dans l'espece consideree et a toujours repondu au souci d'ameliorer et de diversifier la production fourragere. Jusqu'a l'ouverture du catalogue commun de la C.E.E. en 1970, les epreuves …
Improving Herbage Seed Industry Productivity And Stability Through Action Research,
2025
University of Sydney
Improving Herbage Seed Industry Productivity And Stability Through Action Research, R L. Ison, W.H C. Potts, G Beale
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage seed industry productivity improvements derive traditionally from better understanding the biology and effective management of seed production. These may then aggregate to enhance industry productivity. There are however situations when greater gains in industry productivity and stability may be achieved through the powerful tool of organisational or institutional change (Kingma, 1985). Seed industries in Australia (Potts and Ison, 1987) and internationally (McMullen, 1987) are changing rapidly ; future research cannot ignore the need to investigate organisational constraints given the frequent inability of organisations to change and adapt to rapidly changing business environments (Schwendiman, 1986). Traditional, reductionist research approaches which …
The Integration Of Seed Activities Into An International Pastures Network,
2025
CIAT
The Integration Of Seed Activities Into An International Pastures Network, J E. Ferguson, R Schaus, A Peralta
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The International Network for Evaluation of Tropical Pastures, known by its spanish acronym RIEPT, was initiated in 1979 for the evaluation germplasm and pastures, the development of methodology and professional communication in lowland Tropical America (Toledo 1982). Since then the RIEPT has constantly expanded, both in the number of countries and institutions participating, the number of materials under evaluation and the range of evaluation sequences. Initially, the major source of seeds was CIAT. By 1985 as the RIEPT expanded, seed availability became a constraint and national research institutions were challenged to develop their own expertise and supply of seeds (Ferguson …
Diversity Of The Components Of The Potential Seed Production In Panicum Maximum Jacq. Consequences On Breeding,
2025
ORSTOM
Diversity Of The Components Of The Potential Seed Production In Panicum Maximum Jacq. Consequences On Breeding, M Noirot
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The obstacle to the variety diffusion of Panicum maximum has been for a long time its low seed production (Humphreys, 1966) owing to a limited number of accessions, to the apomictic mode of reproduction, to the harvest practices and to an unfavourable flowering behavior. An original breeding scheme has been adjusted in Ivory Coast (Noirot, 1983) on the bases of the natural variability collectings (Pernes, 1975 ; Combes, 1975), of the sexual plants discovery (Combes and Pernes, 1970) and of the control of apomixis heredity (Savidan, 1982). Its application to the seed production requires preliminary study of the natural potentialities …
Effects Of Level And Source Nitrogen Fertilzier On The Pure Seed Yield Of Setaria Sphacelata Cv. Narok In Yunnan Province, Southern China,
2025
University of Kentucky
Effects Of Level And Source Nitrogen Fertilzier On The Pure Seed Yield Of Setaria Sphacelata Cv. Narok In Yunnan Province, Southern China, Li Shuan, Zhao Jun-Quan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Setaria sphacelata is a widely sown pasture grass in the tropics and sub-tropics (Hacker and Jones, 1969). Its use is limited by low seed yields (10-80 kg/ha/crop) and the cold tolerant cv. Narok gives less seed than other cultivars (Bahnisch and Humphreys, 1977). In Queensland Setaria generally produces two crops a year with irrigation, but the seed yields are some of the lowest of any commercial species traded (Humphreys and Riveros, 1986). The objet of the present experimental work was to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and its time of application for maximum profit, and to study the seed …
Effects Of The Growth Regulators Rsw 0411 In Seed Crops Of Lolium Perenne, Poa Pratensis And Festuca Rubra, G.E L. Borm, S Vreeke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To increase yields and yield stability in grass seed crops use of the growth regulator RSW 0411 has been investigated since 1984. The effects of application of this growth regulator at different rates and different stages of development in Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra are presented in this paper.
The Potential For Pasture Seed Production In Yunnan Province, Southern China,
2025
Bureau of Animal Husbandry Yunnan, China
The Potential For Pasture Seed Production In Yunnan Province, Southern China, Li Shuan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of the seed production team has been to develop commercial seed production capabilities in the Yunnan Livestock and Pasture Development Project areas in Yunnan (Vaughan, 1987). It is mainly a mountainous area with altitudes ranging from 86 min the SE to 6,580 m in the NW. Since 1983, 523 cultivars or breeding materials of many tropical, transitional and temperate species have been introduced for evaluation at 13 sites in different ecological zones. About 90 cultivars show good adaption and produce high yields of dry matter.
Determination Of The Optimum Harvest Time On Andropogon Gayanus Ciat 621,
2025
University of Kentucky
Determination Of The Optimum Harvest Time On Andropogon Gayanus Ciat 621, Yolanda Gonzales, F Mendoza
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The seed harvest of Andropogon gayanus is obstructed by inherent characteristics of the cultivar such as the flowering distribution and the notably absence of uniformity of its flowering and maturity ; therefore, it is necessary to determine precisely the optimum harvest time which will be the objective of this study.
The Effect Of Fungicide Application On Seed Yield Of Dactylis Glomerata,
2025
Oregon State University
The Effect Of Fungicide Application On Seed Yield Of Dactylis Glomerata, R E. Welty
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Leaf diseases of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) caused by Mastigosporium rubricosum (Dearn. and Barth.) Nannf. (eyespot), Rhyncosporium orthosporum Caldwell (scald), and Cercosporidium (Scolecotrichum) graminis Fckl. (leaf streak) are widely distributed in the seed-producing area in Oregon (Sprague, 1950). These diseases may occur alone or in combination and are more severe when weather is cool and wet. Symptoms develop in February and can extend through June. In most years, all three diseases can be found on individual plants in April and May. The diseases cause premature death of leaves, but not defoliation. When severe on the upper leaves (the flag …
Fungicide Effect On Temperate Forage Grasses,
2025
DSIR
Fungicide Effect On Temperate Forage Grasses, M P. Rolston, J G. Hampton, M D. Hare, R E. Falloon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The traditional use of fungicides in temperate forage grass seed crops has been for the control of diseases. However, in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed crops, fungicides applied close to anthesis have increased seed yields even where the incidence· of leaf pathogens was low (Hampton and Hebblethwaithe, 1984, 1985; Hampton et al., 1985). The response was attributed to increased leaf area duration by delaying the senescence of photosynthetic tissue. In another trial in which levels of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers) were low, fungicides also increased perennial ryegrass seed yield. The response was associated with both disease …
