Establishment Of Early Winter Seeding Of Forages In Cold Regions Of Japan,
2025
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
Establishment Of Early Winter Seeding Of Forages In Cold Regions Of Japan, J Maruyama, K Fukunaga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eastern Hokkaido is located in the southern end of the subfrigid zone. It has a very cold winter, although the summer is reasonably warm and humid. The annual temperature ranges between -25 °C and 30 °C, averaging about 7 °C in Obihiro. The precipitation averages about 900 mm per year. Soil freezing is very common in this area. Therefore, there is general agreement among workers that forage seeding in eastern Hokkaido must be confined to spring or summer. But the success of seeding is highly dependent upon the moisture content of the soil. For example, in some years in eastern …
Integrating Crop And Pasture In A High Rainfall Environment In South Eastern Australia,
2025
NSW Agriculture
Integrating Crop And Pasture In A High Rainfall Environment In South Eastern Australia, P Dowling
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In traditional pasture areas, there is little economic opportunity to provide a 'clean' seedbed for replanting of new pasture. This is thought to enable the carry over of weed seed from the old to the new pasture phase resulting in premature decline of the improved pasture. The growing of a crop or crop rotation at the end of the old pasture phase however, would utilize improved soil fertility and enable the pasture sequence to be broken, thereby increasing the probability of a 'clean' seedbed (Reeves, 1984). Grazing oats has been used in this role but the alternative of selecting crops …
Improving Seed Pellets For Grassland Renovation,
2025
Niigata University
Improving Seed Pellets For Grassland Renovation, H Hirota, N Fukuyama, T Kanno
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
More than twelve hundred public pastures have been established since I 960's in Japan, totalling some 0.6 mil. ha located in highland areas to raise cattle. Now most of them need renovation because of low productivity. This is due to mismanagement, insect attack, weed invasion and under-utilization, etc. But complete tilling is not advocated on slope sites as it is in danger of soil erosion after reseeding. Several methods h��ve been proposed to renovate the deteriorated pastures, e.g. usmg herbicides (Blackmore, 1965), burning (Sawada et al., 1986), surface tilling (White, 1973), surface sowing with phosphate and lime (Cullen, 1966) and …
Establishment Of 'Mott" Dwarf Elephantgrass In A Semi-Arid Climate,
2025
Texas A&M University
Establishment Of 'Mott" Dwarf Elephantgrass In A Semi-Arid Climate, W R. Ocumpaugh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
'Mott' dwarf clcphantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.] was evaluated as line N75 and released as germplasm from the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton. Georgia USA, as Tift N75 (Hanna, 1987). Extensive research in Florida, USA has demonstrated the superior quality aspects of Mott elcphantgrass with average daily gains of approximately l kg (Mott and Ocumpaugh, 1984; Sollenberger et al. 1987). Establishment of dwarf elephantgrass has been reported to be more difficult than tall elephantgrass (Woodard et al., 1985; Sollenberger et al., 1987). Placement of stem pieces in the soil at a 45° ��ngle, horizontal or vertical, did not …
Somatic Embryogenesis From Mature Embryo Of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum) And Effects Of Nacl On Induction And Growth Of Callus From Its Different Explants,
2025
Northwestern Normal University
Somatic Embryogenesis From Mature Embryo Of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum) And Effects Of Nacl On Induction And Growth Of Callus From Its Different Explants, Shi Decheng, Xi Ti, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Since it has been found that the plant regeneration of gramineous plants can be realized through somatic embryo genesis, a great development of tissue culture is obtained not only in cereals but also in grasses, which makes possible the genetic engineering and production of artificial seed. In addition, a progress has been made in selection of various valuable mutants by inducing calli or cells cultured to vary. For example, Zhou (1986) by inducing tobacco tissue on a medium containing 0.5 % NaCl has got NaCl-tolerant callus; then the callus were selected by increasing progressively the concentration of NaCl and finally …
Forage Crop Improvement Through Biotechnology,
2025
Louisiana State University
Forage Crop Improvement Through Biotechnology, S S. Croughan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a perennial forage grass grown on over 10 million ha worldwide. In the southern United States, it is used extensively for grazing and the production of hay. It is a well adapted grass, but improvements in traits such as forage quality and pest resistance are needed. Much variation in the nutritional value exists between genotypes. Tissue culture offers a method for the production of improved germplasm. Most plants regenerated from callus cultures will vary from the original variety from which they were derived. This phenomenon is referred to as somaclonal variation and can be …
Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants,
2025
Instituto de Ciencia Animal
Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
King grass (2n = 28) is widely used in Cuba for forage production. The increase in the variability of this species is therefore of special interest in agriculture. Tissue culture as a technique to produce and select somaclones from the king grass donor was used to obtain variability. These were obtained when the apical meristems were cultivated in MS medium with 3 mg/I of 2,4 D to regenerate the plants with different hormonal combinations. Those of 0.1 mg/! of kinetine (Martinez, 1986) were prominent. The variability in the selection and evaluation processes is exposed in this paper.
Forage Grass Plant Modification Through Tissue Culture, Haploids And Doubled Haploids,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Forage Grass Plant Modification Through Tissue Culture, Haploids And Doubled Haploids, M J. Kasperbauer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a widely-grown cool-season forage grass (Buckner and Bush, 1979). It is windpollinated and generally selfsinfertile. Plants are highly heterozygous and improvement through conventional breeding is very slow. Therefore, use of tissue culture, haploids and doubled haploids offers an approach to accelerate the genetic improvement.
Tissue Culture Of Timothy (Phleum Pratensis L.),
2025
Hokkaido University
Tissue Culture Of Timothy (Phleum Pratensis L.), H Nakashima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Timothy (Phleum pratensis L.) is one of the most important grasses in Hokkaido, northern island of Japan, because of its winter hardiness and ability to give good quality hay. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of plant encourage to apply biotechnology not only to food crops but also to fodder crops (Vasil, 1985). To create new breeding materials, somaclonal variation, embryo rescue from wide cross and protoplast fusion have been studied extensively. In vitro propagation is re-emphasized as a basic requirement for all aspects of plant biotechnology in relation to agriculture. This serial studies have been carried out to …
Trisomic Red Clover,
2025
University of Kentucky
Trisomic Red Clover, N L. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The primary reason for producing trisomic red clover is for gene mapping. Although the methodology for producing trisomics has long been established, little research has been conducted in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Likewise, very few gene mapping investigations except for some early data by Williams (1937) have been reported. The program at the University of Kentucky that suggested the possibility of using trisomics for gene mapping was the attempted production of tetraplo'ids (2n = 4x = 28) via 2x-4x and 4x-2x crosses using gametic non-reduction. Some of these crosses produced triplo'ids (2n = 3x = 21 or 22) …
Study On Tissue Culture And Plantlet Regeneration From Cotyledonary Nodes And Immature Embryoes In Trifolium Lupinaster L.,
2025
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Study On Tissue Culture And Plantlet Regeneration From Cotyledonary Nodes And Immature Embryoes In Trifolium Lupinaster L., Gao Zhensheng, Hong Fuzeng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Regenerated plantlets of fourteen clover species have been obtained from tissue and cell cultures by the scientists in different countries. The results concerning Trifolium lupinaster L. ( one of the native clovers in the northeast of China). culture are rarely reported at present.
Tissue Culture Techniques For Maintenance And Distribution Of Germplasm Of Tropical Grasses,
2025
International Livestock Centre for Africa
Tissue Culture Techniques For Maintenance And Distribution Of Germplasm Of Tropical Grasses, T J. Ruredzo, J Hanson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Conservation of germplasm has relied on the principle that seeds can be stored for long periods under cold, dry conditions. However, some plants which are vegetatively propagated seldom produce viable seeds. Until recently the only means of conservation of these species was vegetatively in field genebanks, where the plants require considerable space, careful management and are at risk from pests and diseases. These include the tropical grasses Cynodon and Digitaria which are very important forage species in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. In vitro culture techniques have considerable potential for use in management of germplasm. Recent advances in …
Polynucleate Pollen Formation In Cultured Medicago Sativa L. Anthers,
2025
CNR
Polynucleate Pollen Formation In Cultured Medicago Sativa L. Anthers, M Piccirilli, G J. Tanner, S Arcioni
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The induction of non-physiological divisions in microspores through in vitro culture of anthers or pollen grains has led to the production of haploid plants in many species. However, there are still a large number of species in which haploid plants have not yet been obtained from generative cells. One of these species is Medicago sativa L., despite the great success attained in the regeneration of plants via tissue or protoplast culture. This work was conducted with the aim of studying the conditions to induce in vitro development in M. sativa microspores, as a first step in obtaining haploid plants through …
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation In Forage Legumes,
2025
CNR
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation In Forage Legumes, F Damiani, F Pupilli, S Arcioni, M Pezzotti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plant transformation is a promising tool for plant breeding. It allows the introgression in the plant genome of alien genes. At the moment few, if any, genes of agronomical value have been cloned and are available for genetic engineering works ; on the contrary, some genes encoding for antibiotic resistance are available. The use of these genes allows an easy detection of transformation events and confers useful characters for in vitro selection. A direct application of antibiotic resistance is in the selection of hybrid colonies after protoplast fusion ofparentals resistant to different antibiotics. Transformation using Agrobacterium tumef aciens or Agrobacterium …
An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium,
2025
INRA
An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium, Claire Moussett-Declas, J A. Anderson, Elisabeth G. Williams, N L. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Over 60 interspecific hybrids have been made in the genus Trifolium (Cleveland, 1985), some of them representing attempts to introduce persistance or pest resistance into cultivated clovers. Most of these hybrids, however, have been sterile. To attempt to restore fertility, colchicine methods have been applied to mature hybrid plants in vivo, but with limited success. A routine, simple technique for chromosome doubling in vegetative meristems is therefore still required, particularly for sterile hybrid materials which are available as mature vegetative clones rather than seed. We have adapted for use with clover hybrids the in vitro chromosome doubling technique used by …
Plant Regeneration By Somatic Embryogensis From Leaf Explants Of Digitaria Eriantha (Steud) Subsp. Eriantha,
2025
University of Natal (Durban)
Plant Regeneration By Somatic Embryogensis From Leaf Explants Of Digitaria Eriantha (Steud) Subsp. Eriantha, M Paula Watt, D J. Mycock, C F. Cresswell
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The most important objective of pasture planning in Southern Africa is to provide grazing during the winter dry months when veld production is either low or of poor quality. Digitaria eriantha (Steud) subsp eriantha is an indigenous perennial grass which is drought tolerant and retains its high palatability after winter frosts. The successful establishment of this grass as winter forage in the dryland rural areas is, however, impaired by its requirement for fertilizer dressing in the form of nitrogen and phosphate. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken in our laboratory on the growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of …
A New Mutant With Open Corolla Tube In Red Clover,
2025
Agricultural University, Poland
A New Mutant With Open Corolla Tube In Red Clover, L Spiss, Halina Goral
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Floral modifications which may promote bee foraging on leguminous forage crops are always interesting to plant breeders since they may contribute to increased seed setting. Reports related to the length of corolla tube, nectar volume, and its availibility in red clover, including tetraploid forms, have been quite frequent in the literature for many decades. Other corolla tube modifications in this species have been described very rarely (Jablonski, 1974, Taylor and Snead, 1986). The purpose of this paper is to describe corolla tube modifications found in red clover and their usefulness in improving bee pollination.
Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria I. Biochemical And Cytoembriological Studies,
2025
CIAT
Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria I. Biochemical And Cytoembriological Studies, R Cruz, W Miles, J W. Roca, G De La Cruz, H Ramirez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The characteristics of Brachiaria such as variability, adequate adaptation to poor soils and its reproductive sexualapomitic system justify the emphasis made for its genetic improvement for reducing the limitations of the most important varieties. Presently, it is one of the most important genera in the tropics (Lavidan, 1988) with an ample germplasm which needs to be studied and characterized. The objective of this work was to contribute to the identification of the species and ecotypes using isoenzymatic patterns and to learn the levels of sexuality and apomixis of the ecotypes used.
Sex Linkage Of Growth And Forage Attributes In Buffalograss (Buchloe Dactyloides),
2025
Rutgers University - Camden
Sex Linkage Of Growth And Forage Attributes In Buffalograss (Buchloe Dactyloides), J A. Quinn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. is a perennial, sod-forming shortgrass of central North America (Hitchcock, 1951), thriving under semiarid conditions and increasing under moderate to heavy grazing (Quinn, 1987). The species is largely dioecious, and sex ratios are either 1 : 1 or female-biased (Quinn and Engel, 1986). Isolated plants under controlled conditions are strictly male, strictly female, or monoecious (0 to 20 %, depending on the population). Over the last half-century, buffalograss has been widely used in central North America for reseeding depleted rangelands and for erosion control (Quinn, 1985), and recently it has received renewed attention as a turf …
Phylogenetics Of Apomictic Paspalum Dilatatum,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Phylogenetics Of Apomictic Paspalum Dilatatum, B L. Burson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Paspalum dilatatum Pair., dallisgrass, is a warm-season grass native to South America. There are several biotypes of this species and common dallisgrass is the most prevalent. It is an important pasture grass throughout the warmer regions of the world but has two major impediments-low fertility and susceptibility to ergot (Claviceps paspali). Improvement efforts have been unsuccessful because the common biotype is a complex natural hybrid with an unbalanced genomic composition and an obligate apomict, a form of asexual reproduction that has prevented improvement by conventional plant breeding methods. To circumvent this apomictic barrier, phylogenetic investigations were initiated to …
