Agricultural Science Commons^™

Productivity Of Field Pea (Pisumsativum L.) And Spring Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Grown As Sole And Intercrops Under Different Nitrogen Levels, Chengchou Han, Christopher Borman, Dori Osantowski, Jeremy Wagnitz, Katja Koehler-Cole, Kevin Korus, Evan Sonderegger, Rodrigo Werle, Tara Wood, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Intercropping cereal grains and legumes has potential as an alternative cool-season forage crop in low-input farming systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of density, species proportion, and nitrogen (N) supply on the biomass accumulation of field pea and spring oat grown as sole or intercrops. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using an additive series experimental design. Treatments included three fertilizer N rates and 20 density/proportion combinations in a randomized complete block with four replications. Sole plant densities included 2, 3, 4, 5 plants of each species pot-1 (16 cm in diameter, 16 cm in height). The …

Using An Active Optical Sensor To Improve Nitrogen Management In Corn Production, Donato Titolo

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Corn nitrogen (N) applications are still done on a field basis in Kentucky, according to previous crop, soil tillage management and soil drainage. Soil tests, as well as plant analysis for N, are not very useful in making N fertilizer rate recommendations for corn. Recommended rates assume that only 1/3 to 2/3 of applied N is recovered, variability largely due to the strong affect of weather on the release of soil N and fertilizer N fate. Many attempts have been made to apply N in a more precise and efficient way. Two experiments were conducted at Spindeltop, the University of …

Separation Of Alcohol Soluble Sorghum Proteins Using Non-Porous Cation-Exchange Columns, Deidre L. Blackwell, Scott R. Bean

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Kafirins, the storage proteins and major protein of the cereal grain sorghum, play an important nutritional role for millions of people in parts of Africa and Asia. Kafirins are non-water soluble, being soluble only in the presence of detergents or aqueous alcohol mixtures and are among the most hydrophobic of the cereal proteins. Limited M_w heterogeneity of kafirins reduces their resolution when separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Charge based separation techniques have been shown to have improved resolution of kafirins, but due to the nature of their solubility, ion-exchange (IE)-HPLC has not been widely used to …

Spillover Of Functionally Important Organisms Between Managed And Natural Habitats, Eleanor J. Blitzer, Carsten F. Dormann, Andrea Holzschuh, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Tatyana A. Rand, Teja Tscharntke

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Land-use intensification has led to a landscape mosaic that juxtaposes human-managed and natural areas. In such human-dominated and heterogeneous landscapes, spillover across habitat types, especially in systems that differ in resource availability, may be an important ecological process structuring communities. While there is much evidence for spillover from natural habitats to managed areas, little attention has been given to flow in the opposite direction. This paper synthesizes studies published to date from five functionally important trophic groups, herbivores, pathogens, pollinators, predators, and seed dispersers, and discusses evidence for spillover from managed to natural systems in all five groups. For each …

Evidence For A Major Qtl Associated With Host Response To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Challenge, N. Boddicker, E. H. Waide, R. R. R. Rowland, J. K. Lunney, D. J. Garrick, J. M. Reecy, J. C. M. Dekkers

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes decreased reproductive performance in breeding animals and increased respiratory problems in growing animals, which result in significant economic losses in the swine industry. Vaccination has generally not been effective in the prevention of PRRS, partially because of the rapid mutation rate and evolution of the virus. The objective of the current study was to discover the genetic basis of host resistance or susceptibility to the PRRS virus through a genome-wide association study using data from the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium PRRS-CAP project.

Three groups of approximately 190 commercial crossbred pigs from 1 breeding …

Influence Of Environmental Temperature On The Physiological, Endocrine, And Immune Responses In Livestock Exposed To A Provocative Immune Challenge, J.A. Carroll, N.C. Burdick, C. C. Chase Jr, S. W. Coleman, D. E. Spiers

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Although livestock experience many stressors throughout their life, one of the most commonly experienced, and most difficult to control, is stress caused by fluctuations in environmental temperatures that extend beyond the thermoneutral (TN) zone for an animal. In swine, cold stress has long been recognized as a main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. A possible explanation for this increased morbidity and mortality may be related to their inability to generate a febrile response. Previously, we reported that the acute phase immune response, including the generation of fever, after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O111: B4; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, …

Animal Foraging As A Mechanism For Sediment Movement And Soil Nutrient Development: Evidence From The Semi-Arid Australian Woodlands And The Chihuahuan Desert, David J. Eldridge, Terry B. Koen, Aaron Killgore, Niki Huang, Walter G. Whitford

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An emerging area of interest in geomorphology over the past two decades has been the effects of biota on ecosystemprocesses.We examinedthe roles of a rangeof vertebrates onsoildisturbance in twomarkedlydifferent environments, the semi-arid woodland of eastern Australia and a Chihuahuan Desert grassland–shrubland in the south-westernUnited States. Foraging pits of soil-disturbingvertebrates variedmarkedly fromsmall scratchings of heteromyid (mainly Dipodomys spp.) rodents (1.8×10⁻⁴m³) to deep (1.0×10⁻² m³) excavations of the burrowing bettong (Bettongia leuseur) and greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis). Vertebratesmoved substantial volumes of soil in both environments, and activity was highly temporally and …

Potential Causes And Consequences Of Decreased Body Size In Field Populations Of Coccinella Novemnotata, John Losey, Jordan Perlman, James Kopco, Samuel Ramsey, Louis Hesler, Edward Evans, Leslie Allee, Rebecca Smyth

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Coccinella novemnotata, the nine-spotted lady beetle, was historically one of the most common lady beetles across the US and southern Canada. In the 1980s it became extremely rare and has remained rare. In 2008 adult C. novemnotata were collected from field populations in Oregon and South Dakota and initial observations suggested that these individuals seemed smaller than the mean size of the species historically. These observations led to a series of experiments to determine if there had been significant decrease in size and if any decrease found was due to a genetic change or to environmental factors. In the …

Transcriptome And Gene Expression Analysis In Cold-Acclimated Guayule (Parthenium Argentatum) Rubber-Producing Tissue, Grisel Ponciano, Colleen M. Mcmahan, Wenshuang Xie, Gerard R. Lazo, Terry A. Coffelt, Jillian Collins-Silva, Aise Nural-Taban, Martin Gollery, David K. Shintani, Maureen C. Whalen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Natural rubber biosynthesis in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is associated with moderately cold night temperatures. To begin to dissect the molecular events triggered by cold temperatures that govern rubber synthesis induction in guayule, the transcriptome of bark tissue, where rubber is produced, was investigated. A total of 11,748 quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. The vast majority of ESTs encoded proteins that are similar to stress-related proteins, whereas those encoding rubber biosynthesis- related proteins comprised just over one percent of the ESTs. Sequence information derived from the ESTs was used to design primers for quantitative analysis of the …

The Effect Of Row Spacing And Seeding Rate On Biomass Production And Plant Stand Characteristics Of Non-Irrigated Photoperiod-Sensitive Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench), John L. Snider, Randy L. Raper, Eric B. Schwab

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

To evaluate row spacing and seeding rate effects on yield and plant stand characteristics of high-biomass sorghum, a photoperiod-sensitive cultivar was sown at three different row spacings (76, 38, and 19 cm) and seeding rates (218,000, 306,000, and 393,000 seeds ha⁻¹ for one site-year and 116,000, 204,000, and 291,000 seeds ha⁻¹ for three site-years) from 2009 to 2010 in Alabama and Arkansas, USA. Measurements included above-ground dry matter production, plant height, stem density, and stem diameter. Narrower row spacing (i.e. 19 cm) produced the highest biomass for all site-years. Increasing seeding rate did not affect yield for three …

A Field Study Of Wind Erosion Following A Grass Fire On The Llano Estacado Of North America, J.E. Stout

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Interactions between earth, wind, and fire have always played an important role in the formation and evolution of the level plains of the Llano Estacado of North America. The uppermost sediments of this vast region are aeolian deposits, formed by aeolian deposition into grassland vegetation. Grass cover enhances aeolian deposition by slowing near-surface winds and vegetation secures sediments once they are deposited. The benefits of grass cover, however, are lost when occasional fires remove protective vegetation fromfields. After a fire, the underlying soil surface becomes exposed and susceptible to wind erosion until the vegetative cover is re-established. The purpose of …

Zebra Chip-Diseased Potato Tubers Are Characterized By Increased Levels Of Host Phenolics, Amino Acids, And Defense-Related Proteins, Christopher M. Wallis, Jianchi Chen, Edwin L. Civerolo

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Little is known about specific host chemistry effects on zebra chip disease symptom development in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). This research compared chemical profiles and defense-related enzyme levels between non-symptomatic and zebra chip-symptomatic potato tubers. Levels of phenolics, five amino acids, peroxidases, polyphenol oxidases, chitinases, and B-1,3-glucanases were greater in symptomatic tubers than non-symptomatic tubers, and many of these compounds also were positively correlated with zebra chip disease severity. 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ was consistently present in symptomatic tubers. However, the lack of associations between titers and tuber chemistry suggests a complicated relationship between this bacterium and zebra chip …

Genomics Of Tropical Fruit Tree Crops, R. S. Arias, James W. Borrone, Cecile L. Tondo, David N. Kuhn, Brian M. Irish, Raymond J. Schnell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The genetic improvement of tropical fruit trees is limited when compared to progress achieved in temperate fruit trees and annual crops. Tropical fruit tree breeding programs require significant resources to develop new cultivars that are adapted to modern shipping and storage requirements. The use of molecular markers in tropical fruit tree breeding is greatly assisting in solving a number of difficult challenges for breeders such as the development of complex family structures for recombination mapping and for recurrent selection. A review of the literature on molecular markers development and new techniques for increasing single-nucleotide polymorphic markers is discussed. The development …

Registration Of ‘Denali’ Wheat, Scott D. Haley, Jerry J. Johnson, Frank B. Peairs, John A. Stromberger, Emily E. Hudson, Scott A. Seifert, Rebecca A. Kottke, Victoria A. Valdez, Jeff B. Rudolph, Terry J. Martin, Guihua Bai, Xianming Chen, Robert L. Bowden, Yue Jin, James A. Kolmer, Ming-Shun Chen, Bradford W. Seabourn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

‘Denali’ (Reg. No. CV-1075, PI 664256) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released cooperatively by Colorado State University (CSU) and Kansas State University (KSU) in August 2011 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at CSU and KSU, USDA-ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA participated in its development. Denali was selected from the cross CO980829/‘TAM 111’ made in 2001 at Fort Collins, CO. CO980829 is an experimental line from CSU with the pedigree ‘Yuma’ (PI 559720)/PI 372129//CO850034/3/4*Yuma/4/NEWS12. …

Reduction Of Mosquito Biting Pressure By Timed-Release 0.3% Aerosolized Geraniol, Edita E. Revay, Amy Junnila, Daniel L. Kline, Rui-De Xue, Ulrich R. Bernier, Vasiliy D. Kravchenko, Zoya Yefremova, Günter Müller

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We conducted a study to determine the degree of personal protection provided by the Terminix^® ALLCLEAR^® Mosquito Mister – Lantern Edition. This outdoor unit was operated to disperse an aerosolized aqueous 0.3% geraniol emulsion in timed-release intervals of 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 min. Human volunteers participated in landing catch experiments to test the effect of geraniol sprayed at pre-set time intervals, at two distances: (1) 18 ft (5.49 m), the maximum effective distance claimed by the manufacturer, and (2) 9 ft (2.74 m), half the effective distance from the unit. When aerosolized geraniol was dispensed, reductions in biting …

Natural Product Studies Of U.S. Endangered Plants: Volatile Components Of Lindera Melissifolia (Lauraceae) Repel Mosquitoes And Ticks, Joonseok Oh, John J. Bowling, John F. Carroll, Betul Demirci, K. Hüsnü Can Baser, Theodor D. Leininger, Ulrich R. Bernier, Mark T. Hamann

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The number of endangered plant species in the U.S. is significant, yet studies aimed towards utilizing these plants are limited. Ticks and mosquitoes are vectors of significant pathogenic diseases of humans. Repellents are critical means of personal protection against biting arthropods and disease transmission. The essential oil and solvent extracts from Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume (Lauraceae) (pondberry) drupes were gathered and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. The essential oil obtained from this endangered plant showed a significant dose dependent repellency of ticks and a moderate mosquito repellent effect while the subsequent hexanes extract was completely ineffective. Fractional freezing enriched the …

Genetic Mapping Of Paternal Sorting Of Mitochondria In Cucumber, Claudia I. Calderon, Brian S. Yandell, Michael J. Havey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Mitochondria are organelles that have their own DNA; serve as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells; play important roles in stress responses, programmed cell death, and ageing; and in the vast majority of eukaryotes, are maternally transmitted. Strict maternal transmission of mitochondria makes it difficult to select for better-performing mitochondria, or against deleterious mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. Cucumber is a useful plant for organellar genetics because its mitochondria are paternally transmitted and it possesses one of the largest mitochondrial genomes among all eukaryotes. Recombination among repetitive motifs in the cucumber mitochondrial DNA produces rearrangements associated with strongly mosaic (MSC) phenotypes. …

Reproductive Potential Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Fed Cattle, Chicken, Or Horse Blood, Kristina M. Friesen, Gregory D. Johnson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Reproductive potential was assessed for stable fly cohorts fed cattle, chicken, or horse blood. Flies provided chicken blood oviposited20%moreeggs per day than did those fed cattle or horse blood. However, flies provided cattle or horse blood were fecund 50% longer. When both egg viability and number of eggs produced were considered, lifetime reproductive potential was almost twice as high for flies fed cattle or chicken blood than for flies fed horse blood. Maternal investment, which took egg production and volume into account, was higher in cohorts fed cattle blood (70 mm³) when compared with the other treatments (chicken …

Effects Of Pyriproxyfen And Buprofezin On Immature Development And Reproduction In The Stable Fly, S.S. Liu, A.Y. Li, K. H. Lohmeyer, A.A. Perez De Leon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most significant biting flies that affect cattle. The use of traditional insecticides for stable fly control has only a limited success owing to the insect’s unique feeding behaviours and immature development sites. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two insect growth regulator (IGR) products, pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, on the development of the immature stages of the stable fly and the effects of pyriproxyfen on oviposition and egg hatch. Both pyriproxyfen and buprofezin had significant inhibitory effects on immature development. The LC₅₀s of …

Laboratory Evaluation Of Novaluron As A Development Site Treatment For Controlling Larval Horn Flies, House Flies, And Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae), K. H. Lohmeyer, J.M. Pound

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A granular formulation of novaluron (Novaluron 0.2G, 0.2% [AI]), a newer benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, was evaluated for its efficacy in controlling the larval stage of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.); house flies, Musca domestica L.; and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), in cow manure. Various rates and insecticide placement locations (top, middle, and bottom of manure) were evaluated in this study and all combinations of these variables reduced adult emergence of all three species when compared with the untreated controls. The presence of deformed pupae indicated that novaluron had an insect growth regulator effect on the developing fly y larvae. …