Impacts Of Size Fractionation And Processing On Functional Characteristics Of Broken Rice Kernels,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Impacts Of Size Fractionation And Processing On Functional Characteristics Of Broken Rice Kernels, Rebecca Mawusi Bruce
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Rice flour generated from broken rice (brokens) has inconsistencies in functional properties. This may be due to differences in size and composition of brokens used for the flour. It is postulated that size classification of brokens can improve flour functionality. This study sought to investigate the effect of size fractionation of brokens on the functional or pasting properties of resulting rice flour. Broken rice was generated from six cultivars of freshly harvested rough rice that were dried at 25◦C in the laboratory. The brokens were classified into large, medium and small, using US sieve size 10, 12 and 20 respectively. …
Technologies To Increase Animal Performance In Beef Production Systems,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Technologies To Increase Animal Performance In Beef Production Systems, Caleb P. Weiss
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Three monensin levels during a stocker phase (0, 800, 1600 g/ton in a free choice mineral) and two levels during finishing (0 [U] or 37.5 mg/kg diet DM [M]) were used to determine the effects of monensin supplementation during a stocker and subsequent finishing phase on beef calves. Steers (n = 605, BW = 278 ± 27 kg) were fed pearl millet hay with soybean hull and corn gluten feed supplement (0.5% BW daily [AF basis] Block 1) or grazed fall wheat (Block 2), spring wheat (Block 3), bermudagrass (Blocks 4 & 5) or wheat with mixed-grass baleage (Block 6). …
Rescue And Reestablishment Of Chicken Models For Spontaneously Occurring Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis And Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Rescue And Reestablishment Of Chicken Models For Spontaneously Occurring Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis And Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma, Joseph Zolton Hiltz
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The loss of biodiversity is a topic gaining popularity both in the political and scientific forums. Nearly 30 years ago researchers and politicians congregated in Rio de Janeiro (1992) to attend the first Earth Summit. It was the first meeting of its kind discussing the tangible pressing consequences of biodiversity loss as well as the potential long term ramifications. Many of the countries represented at this summit implemented short and long term plans in order to accurately measure losses of biodiversity as well as establishing organizations to help diagnose and remedy the current problems at hand. These new organizations and …
Control Of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Resistant Palmer Amaranth,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Control Of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Resistant Palmer Amaranth, Michael Mckinley Houston
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Already one of the most troublesome weeds in row crop production in the southern U.S., protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-resistant Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] was first documented in Arkansas in 2015. Since this confirmation, PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth has been identified throughout the Midsouth. The following research evaluated both current and future herbicide programs for controlling PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth and quantified field-level resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides. On-farm research, located in fields with confirmed PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, was conducted in 2016 and 2017. In preemergence (PRE) herbicide experiments, PPO-inhibiting herbicides still proved useful when combined with herbicides such as metribuzin and/or pyroxasulfone. …
A Bayesian Analysis Of Longitudinal Farm Surveys In Central Malawi Reveals Yield Determinants And Site-Specific Management Strategies,
2019
Michigan State University
A Bayesian Analysis Of Longitudinal Farm Surveys In Central Malawi Reveals Yield Determinants And Site-Specific Management Strategies, Han Wang, Sieglinde S. Snapp, Monica Fisher, Frederi Viens
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Understanding the challenges to increasing maize productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, especially agronomic factors that reduce on-farm crop yield, has important implications for policies to reduce national and global food insecurity. Previous research on the maize yield gap has tended to emphasize the size of the gap (theoretical vs. achievable yields), rather than what determines maize yield in specific contexts. As a result, there is insufficient evidence on the key agronomic and environmental factors that influence maize yield in a smallholder farm environment. In this study, we implemented a Bayesian analysis with plot-level longitudinal household survey data covering 1,197 plots and …
Application Of Semi-Hydrophobic Layers To Decrease Bare Soil Evaporation,
2019
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Application Of Semi-Hydrophobic Layers To Decrease Bare Soil Evaporation, Jesse Lee Barnes
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Evaporative water loss from bare agricultural soils is a primary area of water conservation research. Mulching is the commonly utilized method to decrease evaporative water loss. The most commonly utilized mulch is nonbiodegradable polyethylene sheeting because it tends to decrease evaporative water loss and increase crop yields more than environmentally friendly mulches. This study aimed to test the utility of sand coated with polymerized soybean oil (i.e., hydrophobic sand) as a treatment to reduce bare soil evaporation and an alternative to current practices. Evaporation rates were measured in laboratory soil columns containing both treated and untreated soils. Treatment parameters were …
The Influence Of Water And Nutrient Management On Oil Palm Yield Trends On A Large-Scale Plantation In Ghana,
2019
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
The Influence Of Water And Nutrient Management On Oil Palm Yield Trends On A Large-Scale Plantation In Ghana, Tiemen Rhebergen, Thomas Fairhurst, Ken E. Giller, Shamie Zingore
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Oil palm (Eleais guineensisJacq.) production in West Africa is limited by poor soils and suboptimal climate. The potential to improve fruit bunch (FB) yields with appropriate water and nutrient management in Ghana is thus considerable. To assess the effects of water and nutrient management on oil palm yields, a 2 x 2 factorial randomized complete block design with irrigation and fertilizer was implemented for three years in the main oil palm production area of Western region, Ghana. Treatments included i) zero irrigation + zero fertilizer (control), ii) zero irrigation + fertilizer, iii) irrigation + zero fertilizer and iv) irrigation + …
Nitrogen Leaching Losses And Balances In Conventional And Organic Farming Systems In Kenya,
2019
Universität Hohenheim
Nitrogen Leaching Losses And Balances In Conventional And Organic Farming Systems In Kenya, Martha W. Musyoka, Noah Adamtey, Anne W. Muriuki, David Bautze, Edward N. Karanja, Monica Mucheru-Muna, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Georg Cadisch
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Organic farming has been proposed as a solution to foster agricultural sustainability and mitigate the negative environmental impacts of conventional farming. This study assessed N losses and soil surface N balances in conventional and organic farming systems in a sub-humid and semi-humid (Chuka and Thika) sites in Kenya. Nitrate–N (NO3−–N) leached was trapped at 1 m depth using the Self Integrating Accumulator core method and the changes in mineral-N were assessed at different soil depths and different crop growth stages. Both conventional and organic farming systems lost substantial amounts of NO3−–N at the early growth stages of all the crops. …
How Do Ecological Resilience Metrics Relate To Community Stability And Collapse?,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
How Do Ecological Resilience Metrics Relate To Community Stability And Collapse?, Caleb P. Roberts, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, David G. Angeler, Craig R. Allen
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The concept of ecological resilience (the amount of disturbance a system can absorb before collapsing and reorganizing) holds potential for predicting community change and collapse—increasingly common issues in the Anthropocene. Yet neither the predictions nor metrics of resilience have received rigorous testing. The crossscale resilience model, a leading operationalization of resilience, proposes resilience can be quantified by the combination of diversity and redundancy of functions performed by species operating at different scales. Here, we use 48 years of sub-continental avian community data aggregated at multiple spatial scales to calculate resilience metrics derived from the cross-scale resilience model (i.e., cross-scale diversity, …
Identification Of Loci Controlling Adaptation In Chinese Soya Bean Landraces Via A Combination Of Conventional And Bioclimatic Gwas,
2019
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Identification Of Loci Controlling Adaptation In Chinese Soya Bean Landraces Via A Combination Of Conventional And Bioclimatic Gwas, Ying-Hui Li, Delin Li, Yong-Qing Jiao, James C. Schnable, Yan-Fei Li, Hui-Hui Li, Huai-Zhu Chen, Hui-Long Hong, Ting Zhang, Bin Liu, Zhang-Xiong Lui, Qing-Bo You, Yu Tian, Yong Guo, Rong-Xia Guan, Li-Juan Zhang, Ru-Zhen Chang, Zhiwu Zhang, Jochen Reif, Xin-An Zhou, Patrick S. Schnable, Li-Juan Qiu
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Landraces often contain genetic diversity that has been lost in modern cultivars, including alleles that confer enhanced local adaptation. To comprehensively identify loci associated with adaptive traits in soya bean landraces, for example flowering time, a population of 1938 diverse landraces and 97 accessions of the wild progenitor of cultivated soya bean, Glycine soja was genotyped using tGBS. Based on 99 085 high-quality SNPs, landraces were classified into three subpopulations which exhibit geographical genetic differentiation. Clustering was inferred from STRUCTURE, principal component analyses and neighbour-joining tree analyses. Using phenotypic data collected at two locations separated by 10 degrees of latitude, …
Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2017,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2017, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller
AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins
Agriculture and associated agricultural activities are major contributors to the Arkansas economy. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural production and processing activities, unless otherwise specified, and includes crop and animal production and processing, agricultural support industries, forestry and forest products, and textile goods. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production and value-added processing, and also leads to economic activity in other parts of the economy. This report is the eleventh in a series of reports examining agriculture’s economic contribution to the Arkansas economy. The total economic contribution of agriculture (direct, indirect, and induced effects) on value …
Herbicide Drift Influence On Amaranthus Spp. Herbicide Resistance Evolution,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Herbicide Drift Influence On Amaranthus Spp. Herbicide Resistance Evolution, Bruno Canella Vieira
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The adverse consequences of herbicide drift towards sensitive crops have been extensively reported in the literature. However, no information is available on the consequences of herbicide drift onto weed species inhabiting boundaries of agricultural fields. Exposure to herbicide drift could be detrimental to long-term weed management as several weed species have evolved herbicide resistance after recurrent selection with low herbicide rates. Despite the herbicide drift exposure and its potential implications on resistance evolution and weed management, resistance prone weed species such as Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) are often neglected and not properly …
Expression Of Multi-Domain Lytic Peptide Genes In Transgenic Plants For Disease Resistance,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Expression Of Multi-Domain Lytic Peptide Genes In Transgenic Plants For Disease Resistance, George Biliarski
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Four non-plant multi-domain lytic peptide genes coding for antimicrobial peptides were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and tested against three fungal pathogens: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium sp. Detached-leaf bioassay was performed for the transgenic plants carrying multi-domain lytic peptide constructs and compared with transgenic and wild type control plants. Symptom area of each leaf was measured with high precision using the Compu-Eye software and processed by SAS statistical package. The transgenic lines ORF13 and RSL1 showed substantial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection producing significantly smaller lesion areas compared to control plants. However, these lines were not …
Climate Change Impacts On Winter Wheat Yield In Northern China,
2019
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Climate Change Impacts On Winter Wheat Yield In Northern China, Xiu Geng, Fang Wang, Wei Ren, Zhixin Hao
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
Exploring the impacts of climate change on agriculture is one of important topics with respect to climate change. We quantitatively examined the impacts of climate change on winter wheat yield in Northern China using the Cobb–Douglas production function. Utilizing time-series data of agricultural production and meteorological observations from 1981 to 2016, the impacts of climatic factors on wheat production were assessed. It was found that the contribution of climatic factors to winter wheat yield per unit area (WYPA) was 0.762–1.921% in absolute terms. Growing season average temperature (GSAT) had a negative impact on WYPA for the period of 1981–2016. A …
Biomethane Production From Distillery Wastewater,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Biomethane Production From Distillery Wastewater, Zachary Christman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Distillery wastewater treatment is a great ecological problem, for example, India produces 2.7 billion liters of alcohol that results in 40 billion liters of wastewater. However, this material can be seen as a resource since 11 million cubic meters of biogas at 60% methane could be produced in addition to cleaning the water. The distillery has two options of what to do with the biogas. The first is to use the biogas to fuel the distillery making the production plant more energy efficient and removing some of the need to buy natural gas. The other is to upgrade the biogas …
A Comparative Analysis Of Planetscope And Sentinel Sentinel-2 Space-Borne Sensors In Mapping Striga Weed Using Guided Regularised Random Forest Classification Ensemble,
2019
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
A Comparative Analysis Of Planetscope And Sentinel Sentinel-2 Space-Borne Sensors In Mapping Striga Weed Using Guided Regularised Random Forest Classification Ensemble, B. T. Mudereri, T. Dube, E. M. Adel-Rahman, S. Niassy, E. Kimathi, Z. Khan, T. Landmann
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Weeds are one of the major restrictions to sustaining crop productivity. Weeds often outcompete crops for nutrients, soil moisture, solar radiation, space and provide platforms for breeding of pests and diseases. The ever-growing global food insecurity triggers the need for spatially explicit innovative geospatial technologies that can deliver timely detection of weeds within agro-ecological systems. This will help pinpoint maize fields to be prioritized for weed control. Satellite remote sensing offers incomparable opportunities for precision agriculture, ecological applications and vegetation characterisation, with vast socioeconomic benefits. This work compares and evaluates the strength of Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite with the constellation of …
Caterpillar-Induced Plant Volatiles Attract Conspecific And Heterospecific Adults For Oviposition Within A Community Of Lepidopteran Stemborers On Maize Plant,
2019
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Caterpillar-Induced Plant Volatiles Attract Conspecific And Heterospecific Adults For Oviposition Within A Community Of Lepidopteran Stemborers On Maize Plant, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Eric Siaw Ntiri, Peter Ahuya, Baldwyn Torto, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Dora Chao Kilalo, Gerald Juma, Paul André Calatayud
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Olfactory cues may influence host plant preferences for oviposition of female moths within a community of stemborers that utilise the same resource. This study aimed to evaluate plant preferences for oviposition of gravid females of noctuid stemborers, Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis, and the crambid Chilo partellus for uninfested maize plants and plants infested by conspecific or heterospecific larvae. The involvement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by uninfested and maize plants infested by conspecific or heterospecific larvae on moth orientation was studied in Y-tube olfactometer assays and in the field. All gravid female moths significantly preferred VOCs emitted by …
Beyond Averages: New Approaches To Understand Heterogeneity And Risk Of Technology Success Or Failure In Smallholder Farming,
2019
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Beyond Averages: New Approaches To Understand Heterogeneity And Risk Of Technology Success Or Failure In Smallholder Farming, Bernard Vanlauwe, R. I.C. Coe, Ken E. Giller
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the heterogeneity of the smallholder production environment. Yet agronomic research for development (R4D) that aims to identify and test options for increasing productivity has not consistently adapted its approaches to such heterogeneous conditions. This paper describes the challenges facing research, highlighting the importance of variation in evaluating the performance of soil management recommendations, integrating aspects of production risk management within the formulation of recommendations, and proposing alternative approaches to implement agronomic R4D. Approaches are illustrated using two multi-locational on-farm paired trials, each having one no-input control treatment and a treatment with fertilizer application …
The Effects Of Agricultural Waste-Based Compost Amendments In Organic Pest Management,
2019
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
The Effects Of Agricultural Waste-Based Compost Amendments In Organic Pest Management, Gregg T. Stephenson
Master's Theses
Soil-borne pests and pathogens, such as Verticillium dahliae, can devastate a wide range of annual and perennial crops. Current management options for organic production are limited and sustainable management of pathogens, weeds, and arthropods is important for staying profitable and reducing the use of harmful chemicals. Organic soil amendments play an important role in supplying some of the nutritional needs of vegetable crops and improving soil structure, while also contributing to pest control. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of grape and olive-based composts on soil pathogen load, arthropod communities, and weed biomass and diversity. …
Introduction To Sorghum Paper Production,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Introduction To Sorghum Paper Production, Zachary Christman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Sorghum is a tall grass used for many commercial products such as fodder and syrup. The 10 to 15 feet stalk of the plant has lower lignin than wood and provides a fiber length of 2.31 mm in the outer covering and 1.38 mm for the leaf. Sorghum fiber makes a high quality, strong paper suitable for printing, packaging and paperboard.
