Agricultural Science Commons^™

Dry Matter Yield Of Promising Panicum Maximum Genotypes In Response To Phosphorus And Liming On Brazilian Savannah, Gustavo J. Braga, Giovana A. Maciel, Allan K. B. Ramos, Marcelo A. Carvalho, Francisco Duarte Fernandes, Liana Jank

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil fertility of the Brazilian savannah Cerrado is naturally poor. Extensive areas of pastures located in the central part of territory are cultivated with Brachiaria grasses which are less demanding for soil nutrients and lime (Rao et al. 1998). On the other hand, Panicum maximum cultivars such as the high yielding Mombaça grass recommended to intensive beef and dairy cattle systems (Euclides et al. 2008), must be seeded with a higher amount of fertilizer, especially phosphorus (P). Consequently there is an effort for selection of P. maximum genotypes with low P demand and high responsiveness. The objective of …

Effect Of Grazing On Soil Fertility And Trace Elements Of Temperate Desert Steppe In Northwestern China, T. Jiao, J. P. Wu, W. X. Cao, J. Qi, S. G. Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing is the dominant land use of temperate desert steppe in northwestern China. It is well established that the grazing process has impacts on plant production and biodiversity (Li 1997), but less is known about the effects of grazing chemical characteristics of grassland soils. Livestock feeding activities, especially the provision of supplementary sources, may influence pasture nutrient cycle, and in turn change the chemical composition of the grassland soil (Rong et al. 2001). Soil fertility may be affected by the type use and grazing intensities because these may cause alterations in soil physical and chemical properties as well as …

Effects Of Se And Co Combined Fertilizer On Production Of Alfalfa, Xiao Guo, Xiao-Lei Jie, Hua-Feng Hu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Selenium(Se) and cobalt (Co) are important essential trace elements for forage and animal production (Yang et al. 1998, Arvy 1993). The supplementation of Se in animal diet significantly increases Se-Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px ) activities in the liver, testes, spermatozoa and seminal plasma (Abdelrahman et al.1998), Selenium is also a key component of a number of functional seleno-proteins. GSH-Px is the best characterized of the family of selenoproteins. In Henan Province, the fine grass and green milk production zones are mainly distributed along the riverbank of the Yellow River where soils are sandy and sterile with lower Se and Co …

Leaf Nitrogen And Phosphorus Stoichiometry Of Natural Plant Community And Restorable Plant Community In The Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, Mingwei Luo, Yuying Shen, Zhenggang Guo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The human engineering activities (highway, railway, cable, gas line and high line construction) has a negative impact on the alpine grassland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), and the natural restoration of plant community in land used for engineering construction is an important part of the rehabilitation of the degraded alpine grassland ecosystem. Previous studies have shown that the plant species and community diversity relationship in natural plant community and restorable plant community vary with the elevation (Guo et al. 2007) and restoration duration of land for engineering construction is more than 20 years at present (Ma et al …

Impact Of The Last Grazing Time On The White Clover/Grass Swards Performance, Jonas Šlepetys, Alvyra Slepetiene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Winter survival and longevity of grasses depend not only on the weather conditions but also on the state of grasses in the autumn, when their wintering shoots and roots are intensively accumulating reserves of nutrients (Stout, 1987; Sardana and Narwal, 2000). The long-term productivity of the sward depends on the species composition of grasses, frequency of use, nitrogen fertilisation, and timing of the last cut. The effects of these various factors on the sward can be very diverse in various geographic locations (Van Keuren, 1988; Taneja et al., 1994; Sollenberger and Newman, 2007). When utilising pastures in the regions of …

Feed Intake And Diet Selection By Sheep On Rangeland At Two Phenological Stages In North Kordofan State, Sudan, Mohammed F. M. Fatur, Babo Fadlalla, Abdelaziz K. Gaiballa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

North Kordofan is a leading State of Sudan in animal and range resources. Animal production is traditional and extensive, depending on natural rangeland. Sheep rank first in importance amounting to about 12.9 million heads. This study was conducted at El Demokeya Forest Reserve, North Kordofan State, Sudan at two range sites, protected and open. The objectives were to determinate feed intake and assess the plant species selected by sheep and development of preference indices for use in managing the rangeland.

Weeds Forage Potential For Ruminant Feeding: Chemical Composition And Kinetics Of Rumen Degradation, Víctor Rovalino-Núñez, Marcos A. Barros-Rodríguez, Javier Solorio-Sánchez, Hernán Zurita-Vásquez, Carlos Sandoval-Castro, Geovanny Velasteguí-Espín, Daniela Sánchez-Gavilanes, Diego Cadena-Yanchapaxi, Jorge Vega-Chariguaman, Sixto Mayorga-Paredes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Systems of ruminant production in the Andean highlands of Ecuador are dominated by monoculture grasses, where producers do not allow association with other plants such as weeds. These systems have small areas of land and the peasants would be wasting feed resources (association) with high nutritional content and secondary compounds that may be beneficial for feeding ruminants improving the nutritional value of grassland. In this context, Castelán et al. (2003) mention that the use of weeds in ruminant nutrition by small producers in temperate areas of Mexico, it becomes the main natural forage resource for livestock to feed round …

Assessing Nutritive Value And Economics Of Baby Corn Fodder (Zea Mays) Production Compared To Qpm And Hybrid Maize During Winter Season, J. J. Gupta, A. Dey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most versatile emerging crops having wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions both as grain and fodder. In India, maize is the third most important food crops after rice and wheat. According to an estimate it is cultivated in 8.7 m ha (2010-11) mainly during Kharif season which covers 80% area. In recent past, some new varieties of maize like quality protein maize (QPM) and baby corn have been introduced in the region considering its better economic returns (baby corn as food-feed crop) and nutritional quality over normal maize. In the last …

Effects Of The Supplementation Of Brewers’ Grain Silage Or Wheat Bran With And Without Urea On Meat Quantity And Quality In Mongolian Grazing Lambs, Gantumur Chuluunbat, Seishi Yamasaki, Bayaraa Baasanjalbuu, Puruv Tsedevdorj

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural open pastures occupy approximately 80% of the land in Mongolia and have traditionally supported the pastoral livestock production system. After the collapse of socialism and the introduction of a market economy more than two decades ago, the total number of animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, horses, camels, as well as grazing pressure on pastures has increased (National Statistical Office of Mongolia, 2014). Despite this, the number sharply decreased twice during the cold seasons of 2000/2001 and 2010/2011 by a dzud. The dzud is the Mongolian name for an abnormal winter weather condition in northeast Asia, characterized by snowy and …

Evaluation Of Nutritive Value Of Azolla Pinnata, Sunil Dutt Choudhary, Sheela Choudhary, Poonam Yadav, Manish Kumawat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The water fern Azolla, which grows in association with the blue-green algae Anabaena azollae, a nitrogen fixing organism, is the most promising from the point of view of ease of cultivation, productivity and nutritive value. It grows naturally in stagnant water of drains, canals, ponds, rivers, marshy lands. Azolla can be used in animal feed and it is a potential feed ingredient for livestock; it is an income generating crop. Azolla is easily propagated but requires abundant standing water, relative humidity of 85-90%, pH of 4.5-6.5, salinity between 90-150 mg/L and adequate phosphorus for its nutritional needs. It is …

Non-Conventional Silage For Arid Region, P. K. Malaviya, Dinesh Mishra, A. K. Patel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Thar is one of the most heavily populated desert areas in the world and the main occupations of the people living here are agriculture and livestock production. Agriculture is not a dependable proposition in this area due to erratic rains and occurrence of frequent droughts. A large number of farmers in Thar Desert depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. Animal husbandry, trees and grasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruit trees, is the most viable farming system for arid, drought-prone regions (Anonymous, 2012a,b). Further, livestock sector is expected to emerge as an engine of agricultural growth in the 12th plan …

Evaluation Of Grass Bales Stored Under Cover And Plinth System Of Storage, P. N. Dwivedi, P. K. Pathak, C. S. Sahay

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The feed and fodder requirement for dairy animals is primarily met by roughages, green fodder and homemade concentrate mixtures. Roughages are high in crude fibrous material which essentially consists of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and to some extent lignin. Livestock production is backbone of Indian Agriculture and source of employment in rural areas for centuries. To meet the demand of feeding these huge livestock population an adequate supply of feed throughout the year is the prerequisite for successful animal production programmes.

A huge gap between demand and supply of feed and fodder exists in our country. This huge gap between requirement and …

Macro Mineral Concentrations Of Five Contrasting Temperate Grassland Species Grown In Pure Stands Or Mixtures, Bodil E. Frankow-Lindberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mixtures of grassland species often results in over-yielding (Finn et al., 2013). This may be due to complementarity in traits above- and below-ground. Here I report the concentrations of macro minerals in five grassland species grown as pure stands or in mixtures in a field fertilized with moderate amounts of nitrogen (N).

Development Of Greenhouse Dryer For Forage Conservation In Temperate Climate, Sanjay Kumar Singh, P. K. Pathak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Greenhouse dryer implies drying of crops in covered structure that allows rapid harvesting of solar radiation and modification of agro climatic conditions conducive for proper drying. The environmental factors which affects plant growth includes air temperature, relative humidity, light, carbon dioxide concentration, soil temperature and moisture content of soil. The greenhouse may have heating, cooling and ventilating equipments for control over microclimates. Control over microclimate results in several fold increase in crop photosynthesis, and optimum thermal energy for forage conservation in the form of hay.

Chandra et al. (2002) have proposed the design of a naturally ventilated greenhouse. Several other …

Efficacy Of Laccases Obtained From The White Rot Basidiomycete Schizophyllum Commune-Ni 07 In Enhancing The In Vitro Digestibility Of Crop Residues For Ruminants, Vidya Pradeep Kumar, Manpal Sridhar, Chandrashekar Naik

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Crop residues like maize stover, finger millet straw, wheat straw, rice straw, etc. generally constitute the main dietary component for animals. The rumen microbial utilization of these crop residues is hindered by the presence of lignin, which limits its overall digestion process and can significantly influence animal performance, because it is resistant to most of the enzymatic hydrolysis by microorganisms. In nature lignin is degraded by lignolytic enzymes of white rot fungi (WRF). These residues can thus be converted into high quality feed by means of fungal delignification improving their nutritive value. Fungal ligninolysis breaks down the cellulose-hemicellulose matrix liberating …

Mineral Content Of Course Cereals Roughages As Well As Their Requirement In Dairy Animals, Asim Kumar Misra, K. K. Singh, M. M. Das

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The necessity of mineral for growth, reproduction and production as well as normal physiological functions of animal body is well documented. In most of the tropical countries coarse cereal stovers are second major feed resource after wheat and paddy straw used in the livestock feeding. The concentration of macro and trace minerals in crop residues depends on various factors including species (Singh et al., 2005). Further, limited information is available on coarse cereals stovers mineral content. Therefore, the present study was under taken to see the macro and micro mineral content of some coarse cereal stovers in relation to animal …

Plant C, N, P Stoichiometry Was Effected With Nitrogen Deposition On The Loess Plateau, China, Shulan Su, Xudong Li, Decao Niu, Haiyan Wen, Huige Han, Caixia Wu, Hua Fu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mass ratio of C:N:P (Carbon: Nitrogen: Phosphorus) in plant tissue can reflect the utilization efficiency of these basic elements (Piao et al. 2005). Additionally, the N:P ratio in plant tissue can be used to detect nutrient limita-tions as N, P or both are most often the driving force for ecosystem development and change (Koerselman and Meuleman 1996). N deposition has been increasing dramatically and it has great influence on the productivity, stability and nutrient supply conditions in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in recent years (Wang and Yu 2008). Many scholars have focused on the C:N:P stoichiometry of …

Short-Term Effects Of Phosphorus Application On Phosphorus Content In Soil And Dominant Species Under Ungrazed And Grazed Conditions In The Tibetan Plateau, Yajing Guo, Zhengang Guo, Yuying Shen, Xianzhi Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Phosphorus (P) availability in soils is an important indicator for health and growth in plants. The available phosphorus (AP) content of alpine meadow soil in northern China is low. Previous studies of alpine meadow have reported that soil nutrient levels have been significantly improved after a 9-year enclosure (Wu et al. 2010b) whereas continuous grazing over 19 years reduced total P (TP) by 25% in a Leymus chinensis steppe (Li 2001). Many studies have shown that the application of P fertilizer can improve dry matter production and forage quality in cultivated grasslands (Shi et al. 2007). However, the …

Evaluation Of Macro And Micro Mineral Concentration Of Some Common Forages Of Dausa District Of Rajasthan, Sheela Choudhary

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Rajasthan state is blessed with huge livestock population but the fodder availability is limited in this region. To deal with scarcity the locally available tree leaves and forages are provided to the livestock. Fodder tree/shrub legumes have the potential for alleviating some of the feed shortages and nutritional deficiencies experienced in the dry season on small holder farms. Tree leaves are rich in protein, carotene and minerals and contribute a sizable amount of edible biomass and has been considered as a potential source of sustenance since ages for raising livestock, particularly sheep and goat which are principle grazing animals. …

Nutritional Values And Economics Of Leguminous Blocks As Goat Feed, P. K. Sampatrao Takawale, S. S. Jade, S. D. Ghorpade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rearing of ruminant animals i.e. sheep and goats, especially is hampered by the seasonal availability of good quality and quantity of feeds such that during the dry season months, the little available forage is of low quality. The consequences are weight loss, low birth weight, low resistance to disease and reduced animal performance (Fajemisin et al., 2010). One potential way for increasing the quality and availability of feeds for smallholder ruminant animals in the dry season may be through the use of fodder trees and shrub legumes. Leaf protein sources obtained in leaf vegetables, legume trees, fodder trees and …