Agricultural Science Commons^™

An Evaluation On The Effects Of Additions And Deletions Of Specific Nutrient Management Strategies On Corn Yield At Different Plant Densities, James D. Dew

Theses and Dissertations

Improved management strategies are needed to increase yield production and quality. The study aimed to determine suitable cultural practices for improved corn production. Experiments were set up at Verona and Stoneville, Mississippi, from 2020 to 2022. Treatments included row configurations (single and twin-row), plant populations (79,000 and 99,000 seeds ha-1), and six combinations of nutrients with or without fungicide. The nutrients evaluated were two nitrogen rates 235 and 314 kg N ha-1, phosphorus 45 kg P ha-1, potassium 112 kg K ha-1, sulfur 22 kg S ha-1, and zinc 11 kg Zn ha-1, and fungicide at 272 ml ha-1. In …

Evaluation Of Warm Season Vegetables Using Sustainable Production Practices, Jacob Arthur

Theses and Dissertations

Sustainable practices were evaluated for the production of two warm season vegetable crops, tomato and chile peppers. The first study investigated the plant vegetative growth, fruit production timing, yield components and fruit quality of three hybrid and three heirloom tomato cultivars grown in a high tunnel using grafted and non-grafted plants. Grafting the selected tomato cultivars with the two rootstock types did not alter total marketable yield of any cultivar, but affected overall stem diameter, fruit color, and β-carotene concentrations of tested tomato cultivars. The second study evaluated the plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of nine heirloom chile pepper …

Animal Husbandry In The 21st Century: Application Of Ecological Theory And Precision Technology To Inform Understanding Of Modern Grazing Systems, Ira Lloyd Parsons

Theses and Dissertations

Ruminant animals comprise the greatest proportion of herbivores around the world, provide essential ecosystem services and human consumable protein by consuming grass and human inedible dietary fiber. Herbivory pressure alters plant communities and species diversity, effectively making grazing animals ecosystem engineers in dynamic ecosystems. Development of advanced computer processing power coupled with biometric and ecosystem sensors may be employed in the internet of things framework to create an integrated information system designed to inform understanding of grazing system function and animal energy balance. Towards this end, I utilized Bos indicus / Bos taurus crossbred steers (n = 20) across two …

Biological Remediation Of Fragipan, Corey Hale

Honors College Theses

The fragipan layer in the soil is a naturally occurring subsurface layer that restricts water percolation as well as inhibits root growth. A fragipan layer can be found almost ubiquitously across Southwestern Kentucky. This limits how agriculturalists manage soils in this area. It has been recently discovered by the University of Kentucky that Annual Ryegrass roots produce 3,4 dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (DHPPA) that reacts with this hardpan to weaken the layer. Certain bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria can also synthesize DHPPA through a breakdown process of chlorogenic acid. This reaction typically happens in the human digestive tract. …

Development Of Adaptive Rice Variety To Non-Tidal Swamp: Growth Evaluation Of Backcrossed Progenies (Bc1f1) And Its Parents, Inpago 5 And Inpara 8, Nabilah Amiros, Rujito Agus Suwignyo, Mery Hasmeda, Fikri Adriansyah, Entis Sutisna Halimi, Erizal Sodikin

Jurnal Kultivasi

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in non-tidal swamp is severely constrained by abiotic stresses, i.e., submerged stress in the vegetative phase and drought stress in the generative phase. The development of rice varieties that have dual-tolerant to those abiotic stresses can improve adaptability and increase productivity. Efforts to obtain adaptive varieties under those abiotic stress conditions are being carried out by selecting the parents and crossing them, and has resulted in the population of BC1F1. The research was carried out on April – June 2021 at greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University. The study aimed to evaluate the growth …

A Review Of The Role Of Pollination On The Yield Of Cocoa Plant, Dani, Dewi Nur Rokhmah

Jurnal Kultivasi

Yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plant, in form of cocoa seeds, is produced through the process of sexual reproduction. Pollination plays an important role in the successful formation of cocoa fruit and seeds. In addition, number of ovules per ovary, degree of self-incompatibility, and xenia effect are also affected the final yield. Those characters are determined by genetic factors. Cocoa flowers that are not pollinated fall within 24 hours and fail to develop into fruits and seeds. Pollination intensity up to a certain level showed a significant effect on increasing the percentage of fruit formation and the number of …

Demonstration Farm Provides Educational Opportunity For Ipm, Nick Volesky, Mair Murray

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

The mission of USU Extension’s Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program is to increase the use of sustainable pest management practices within urban and rural landscapes to provide economic, human, and environmental health in Utah. In the spring of 2022, the IPM program established a vegetable farm to test and demonstrate IPM practices. The farm served as an experiential learning classroom for almost 50 farmers and home gardeners.

Poisson Hurdle Model-Based Method For Clustering Microbiome Features, Zhili Qiao, Elle Barnes, Susannah Tringe, Daniel P. Schachtman, Peng Liu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Motivation: High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly facilitated microbiome research and have generated a large volume of microbiome data with the potential to answer key questions regarding microbiome assembly, structure and function. Cluster analysis aims to group features that behave similarly across treatments, and such grouping helps to highlight the functional relationships among features and may provide biological insights into microbiome networks. However, clustering microbiome data are challenging due to the sparsity and high dimensionality.

Results: We propose a model-based clustering method based on Poisson hurdle models for sparse microbiome count data. We describe an expectation–maximization algorithm and a …

Successful Creation Of Seedless (Sterile) Leucaena Germplasm Developed From Interspecific Hybridisation For Use As Forage, Daniel Real, Clinton K. Revell Dr, Yong Han, Chengdao Li, Marieclaire Castello, C. D. Bailey

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Context: The legume shrub/tree leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) is highly regarded as a cattle fodder, although it is considered an environmental weed in many parts of Australia.

Aims: We investigated the feasibility of developing a forage variety of triploid leucaena through interspecific hybridisation that is sterile (without seeds) as a strategy to mitigate its weed risk.

Methods: A conventional breeding strategy was used to create triploid hybrids from hand-crosses between tetraploid and diploid species of leucaena. Molecular markers were developed to confirm successful crosses and flow cytometry was used to confirm the ploidy level. The plants are being …

A Glass Bead Semi-Hydroponic System For Intact Maize Root Exudate Analysis And Phenotyping, Martha G. Lopez-Guerrero, Peng Wang, Felicia Phares, Daniel P. Schachtman, Sophie Alvarez, Karin V. Van Dijk

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Although there have been numerous studies describing plant growth systems for root exudate collection, a common limitation is that these systems require disruption of the plant root system to facilitate exudate collection. Here, we present a newly designed semi-hydroponic system that uses glass beads as solid support to simulate soil impedance, which combined with drip irrigation, facilitates growth of healthy maize plants, collection and analysis of root exudates, and phenotyping of the roots with minimal growth disturbance or root damage. Results: This system was used to collect root exudates from seven maize genotypes using water or 1 mM CaCl2, …

Potential Of Mechanical Grain Dryers In Addressing Exposure Of Rice Farmers To Weather Risks, Hernaiz Malanon, Zenaida Sumalde

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Weather risks brought by prolonged rainfall and cloudy days hamper grain drying operations in the Philippines as majority still employ the sun drying method, which limits the opportunity of rice farmers to earn a higher income. While mechanical dryers are considered an important adaptation mechanism to address weather risks, more research needs to be done on their benefits and their disadvantages. This study adapted the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concept which equates hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to quantify risk. Hazard was assessed in terms of the probability of four straight rainy- or cloudy-day occurrences based on a 30-year …

Germination And Early Seedling Growth Attributes Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars Under Different Salinity (Nacl) Stresses [Research Note], Shahid Hussain, Shuli Liu, Rui Zhang, Yinglong Chen, Altaf Adil, Qigen Dai

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study investigated the impact of different salinity stresses [0, 6.4, 12.8, 19.2, and 25.6 dS/m (NaCl)] on the final germination percentage, speed of germination, germination capacity, shoot and root length, seedling vigor index, and total plant dry weight of ten rice cultivars at germination and early seedling stages. Salinity stress significantly decreased the final germination percentage, speed of germination, germination capacity, shoot and root length, and seedling dry weight in all cultivars, with the most severe effects from level 19.2 and 25.6 dS/m NaCl. Rice cultivars were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible based on reduction …

Insights On The Behavior Of Nano-Copper In The Agroecosystem: Mycorrhizal Associations With Spearmint (Mentha Spicata), Suzanne Annette Apodaca

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Nanotechnology offers significant potential benefits to our society, including the agriculture sector. With the advancement of nano-enabled agrochemicals towards sustainable and efficient agricultural practices, it is essential to address environmental issues associated with the use of nanoscale materials. The same properties that give promise to applications of nanotechnology in modern agriculture could have unintended consequences on ecosystem dynamics. A point of concern for risk management is the impact of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to beneficial microbial communities, which support a variety of ecosystem services.

Use of copper (Cu) products in agriculture are based on their abundance, role as a micronutrient, and …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanozeolite From Sugarcane Bagasse Ash And Its Nutrient Loading Potential, Quincy Ybañez, Pearl Sanchez, Marcial Ii Buladaco, Joy Eloiza Rosales

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Sugarcane bagasse, a known agricultural waste product in the Philippines with 88% silica (SiO₂) content based on elemental analysis, is a viable starting material for zeolite synthesis. In this study, silica derived from sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) collected from La Carlota, Negros Occidental, Philippines, was extracted via an alkaline extraction method using 2M NaOH and precipitation with 5 N H₂SO₄ under constant stirring at elevated temperature. Sodium aluminate was added as aluminum source then subjected to ageing at 80°C for 72 h to form the clinoptilolite-type zeolite crystals. Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy …

Determination Of Some Seed Characteristics Of False Flax (Camelina Sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes Grown Under Semi-Temperate Conditions, İlhan Subaşı, Yusuf Arslan, Tamer Eryigit, Vahdettin Çiftçi, Mahmut Çamlıca

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Camelina is an alternative low-input oil plant grown in marginal areas in Turkey. This study aimed to determine some quality characteristics of 39 camellia genotypes in ecological conditions in Bolu, Turkey. The field experiments were carried out in an augmented design with randomized blocks. In this work, some important properties such as thousand seed weight, oil content, fatty acid composition, and protein ratio were investigated. Results showed that mean data for thousand seed weight, oil ratio, and protein ratio were 0.63 – 1.5 g, 26.69 – 39.17%, and 21.81 – 29.81%, respectively. Considering the oil content of the genotypes used …

Evaluation Of Triticale Lines Compared To Wheat Cultivars In Terms Of Agronomic Traits Using Supervised Learning Methods And Multivariate Statistics, Sara Farokhzadeh, Hossein Shahsavand Hassani

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The first man-made cereal grain triticale merges the yield and quality potential of wheat with tolerance of rye against environmental stresses. To find the traits with the greatest impact on the superiority of triticale over wheat, four promising triticale lines and six bread wheat varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the field of the Agricultural Research Station of Shiraz University, Iran. Attribute weighting algorithms revealed main leaf width (MLW), grain number per spike (GN/S), spikelet number per spike (SN/S), 1000-grain weight (TGW), plant height (PHT), main leaf length (MLL), and grain yield …

Unmanned Ground Vehicle Proximal Sensing For Forage Biomass Production Estimations, Curtis Erwin

All Theses

A large increase in productivity could be realized by small increases in efficiency and utilization on grasslands due to their large area. Pre-harvest biomass estimations can help forage producers make better informed management decisions. Producers of dry hay and hay silage can better identify plant growth stages and the optimal time to harvest. Grazers can better determine the most efficient number of animals and stocking density. The goal of this study was to create a novel pre-harvest biomass estimation method utilizing compressed height combined with an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). A compression plate named a “compression ski” was constructed and …

Understanding The Influence Of Excessive Fertilization And Water Relations On Peach (Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch) Skin Bronzing, Sydney Lykins

All Theses

This project evaluated possible causes of peach skin bronzing, a brown-blotchy skin discoloration on mid to late-season peaches that causes drastic decreases to grower incomes in the Southeastern U.S. It is known that there is no bacterial, insectile, viral, or fungal cause of bronzing; thus, these studies focused on potential nutrient imbalances within the peach. On the ‘PF23’ variety, factors of irrigation, potassium fertilization, and transpiration-inhibiting sprays were tested to see the various effects on the incidence and severity of bronzing. The hypothesis was that excessive irrigation and excessive soil potassium concentrations would induce a higher incidence and severity of …

Unveiling The Potential Of Calcium And Natamycin For Botrytis Blight Management On Cut Roses, Melissa Munoz

All Dissertations

Botrytis blight caused by the fungus Botritys cinerea is the most devastating disease of cut roses. The extensive use of fungicides used for Botrytis blight management during cut rose production and postharvest represents a severe threat in terms of fungicide resistance development as has been previously reported. Additionally, health concerns for growers and the environment are growing in recent years making consumers more aware of the fungicides in the products that they consume including ornamentals. This scenario highlights the importance of searching for alternative products to synthetic fungicides. During this research, the use of calcium as an alternative management strategy …

Nitrification Inhibitor, Nitrogen Source, And Herbicide Effects On Soil Nitrogen Transformations And Corn Yield, William Neels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nitrogen fertilizer management continue to be challenging due to potential nitrogen losses under variable weather conditions. The objective of this was to evaluate the performance of nitrification inhibitors, nitrogen sources and herbicides on in-season nitrogen availability and agronomy indicators. A two site-year field experiment was conducted in silty clay loam soil in corn phase of the corn-soybean rotation at Central Nebraska. The treatments included three herbicide (no pre-emergence, Acuron, Resicore) and five nitrogen treatments: 1) control, 2) anhydrous ammonia, 3) anhydrous ammonia without nitrification inhibitor, 4) urea with nitrification inhibitors, and 5) urea without nitrification inhibitors. Results indicated that nitrogen …