Systematic Review: Effect Of Cover Crop On Working Farm,
2023
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Systematic Review: Effect Of Cover Crop On Working Farm, Noella A. Bahatsi
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
On-farm research is when research techniques such as randomized, replicated treatments strips and large-scale techniques are used on actual farms or ranches. Due to a great deal of interest and curiosity among farmers and researchers who wish to make their farming methods more profitable, efficient, and/or sustainable, this type of research has been conducted more frequently each year. On-farm research has contributed to economic growth and the transfer of knowledge to farmers because of fresh discoveries and upgraded technology (Lacoste et al., 2022). This is also where farmers collaborate with researchers to test new management practices and technologies providing unbiased …
Intensifying A Crop–Fallow System: Impacts On
Soil Properties, Crop Yields, And Economics,
2023
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Intensifying A Crop–Fallow System: Impacts On Soil Properties, Crop Yields, And Economics, S. J. Ruis, S. Stepanovic, Humberto Blanco-Canqui
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Intensifying crop–fallow systems could address increased weed control costs, increased land or rental costs, reduced crop diversity, and degraded soil properties in water-limited environments. One strategy to intensify such systems could be the insertion of a short-season crop during fallow. But, how this strategy affects soils, crop production, and farm economics needs further research. Thus, we studied the impacts of replacing fallow in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L)–corn (Zea mays L.)–fallow system with a short-season spring crop [field pea (Pisum sativum L.)] on crop yields and economics from 2015 to 2019 and 5-yr cumulative effects on …
Abnormal Ear Development In Corn: Does Hybrid, Environment,
And Seeding Rate Matter?,
2023
Ohio State University, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Abnormal Ear Development In Corn: Does Hybrid, Environment, And Seeding Rate Matter?, Osler A. Ortez, Anthony J. Mcmechan, Emily Robinson, Thomas C. Hoegemeyer, Reka Howard, Roger W. Elmore
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Corn (Zea mays L.) yields have increased in the United States since the 1930s and in other parts of the world since the 1950s and 1960s because of improvements in agricultural management and genotypes. Despite these increases, production concerns still exist. In July 2016, abnormal ear development (multi-ears per node, barbell-ears, and short-husks) was reported in cornfields that extended from the Texas Panhandle to eastern Colorado and east through Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Surveys in Nebraska farmer fields revealed significant productivity losses due to the issues, but little was known about the underlying causes. A research study was …
Does Residue Incorporation Influence Available Nitrogen Release From Cereal Rye And Tillage Radish Cover Crops Under Controlled Conditions?,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Does Residue Incorporation Influence Available Nitrogen Release From Cereal Rye And Tillage Radish Cover Crops Under Controlled Conditions?, Kelsey Greub, Trenton L. Roberts
Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Nitrogen (N) captured by cover crops can be recycled for use by the following crop via decomposition and net mineralization. This study assessed the magnitude of inorganic-N released from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) residue. The experiment was designed using a five by two factorial treatment structure with five cover crop residue treatments (radish shoots, radish roots, whole radish, cereal rye shoots, and no cover crop) and two levels of residue incorporation (incorporated and surface applied). Cover crop residues were applied to a silt loam soil on an equivalent N basis, incubated for …
Molecular Mapping And Characterization Of Qtls For Grain Quality Traits In A Ril Population Of Us Rice Under High Nighttime Temperature Stress,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Molecular Mapping And Characterization Of Qtls For Grain Quality Traits In A Ril Population Of Us Rice Under High Nighttime Temperature Stress, Anuj Kumar, Julie Thomas, Navdeep Gill, Yheni Dwiningsih, Charles Ruiz, Adam Famoso, Andy Pereira
Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Elevated nighttime temperatures resulting from climate change significantly impact the rice crop worldwide. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant is highly sensitive to high nighttime temperature (HNT) during grain-filling (reproductive stage). HNT stress negatively affects grain quality traits and has a major impact on the value of the harvested rice crop. In addition, along with grain dimensions determining rice grain market classes, the grain appearance and quality traits determine the rice grain market value. During the last few years, there has been a major concern for rice growers and the rice industry over the prevalence of rice grains opacity …
Evaluating Metabolic And Genomic Data For Predicting Grain
Traits Under High Night Temperature Stress In Rice,
2023
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Evaluating Metabolic And Genomic Data For Predicting Grain Traits Under High Night Temperature Stress In Rice, Ye Bi, Rafael Massahiro Yassue, Puneet Paul, Balpreet Kaur Dhatt, Jaspreet Sandhu, Phuc Thi Do, Harkamal Walia, Toshihiro Obata, Gota Morota
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The asymmetric increase in average nighttime temperatures relative to increase in average daytime temperatures due to climate change is decreasing grain yield and quality in rice. Therefore, a better genome-level understanding of the impact of higher night temperature stress on the weight of individual grains is essential for future development of more resilient rice. We investigated the utility of metabolites obtained from grains to classify high night temperature (HNT) conditions of genotypes, and metabolites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict grain length, width, and perimeter phenotypes using a rice diversity panel. We found that the metabolic profiles of rice genotypes …
Ruminal Proteolysis In Forages With Distinct Endopeptidases Activities,
2023
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Ruminal Proteolysis In Forages With Distinct Endopeptidases Activities, G. Pichard, C. Tapia, R. Larrain
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improving livestock efficiency in utilisation of nitrogen resources continues to be a major environmental and economic objective. Zhu et al. (1999) have shown that plant endopeptidases are activated as a response to cutting stress. Previous work in our laboratory explored over 300 entries of forage genotypes and found a broad diversity in enzymatic activity by means of hydrolysis in gelatine and direct autolysis assays in forage tissues. The objective of this work was to assess if the species previously identified as having high or low endopeptidase activity, would behave consistently when exposed to ruminal microbial proteolysis.
Effects Of Particle Size In Forage Samples For Protein Breakdown Studies,
2023
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Effects Of Particle Size In Forage Samples For Protein Breakdown Studies, G. Pichard, C. Tapia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Coupling ruminal processes of hydrolysis and synthesis continues to be a research issue where more progress is needed. This requires the development of good protein assessment methods, particularly when representing the breakdown processes that occur in fresh pastures eaten by herbivores. Laboratory analyses need to deal with small and homogeneous samples, but the mechanical reduction of particle size may not reflect the actual digestion kinetics occurring when the original fresh forage is consumed. Such physical traits may alter the release of non-structural compounds and the penetration of microbial enzymes (Boudon et al., 2002). The objective of this work was …
A New System For The Evaluation Of The Fermentation Quality Of Silages,
2023
Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
A New System For The Evaluation Of The Fermentation Quality Of Silages, K. Weiß, E. Kaiser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Depending on the content of nitrate in green forage, the pattern of fermentation products in silages differ significantly (Weiß & Kaiser, 2001). The systems, which are now common in practice for evaluating the quality of silage fermentation, characterise fermentation quality incorrectly because the evaluation is influenced by the chemical composition of green forage. The aim of this work was to derive an evaluation system for fermentation quality, which is independent from the chemical composition of green forage.
Prediction Of Indigestible Ndf Content Of Grass And Legume Silages By Nirs,
2023
Valio Ltd., Finland
Prediction Of Indigestible Ndf Content Of Grass And Legume Silages By Nirs, L. Nyholm, M. Rinne, M. Hellämäki, P. Huhtanen, J. Nousiainen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The future feed evaluation systems based on mechanistic digestion models require reliable estimates of forage digestible and indigestible NDF content (DNDF and INDF). The objective of this study was to examine the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in predicting INDF content of grass and legume silages.
Analysis Of Silage Fermentation Characteristics Using Transflectance Measurements By Near Infrared Spectroscopy,
2023
Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Spain
Analysis Of Silage Fermentation Characteristics Using Transflectance Measurements By Near Infrared Spectroscopy, A. Martínez, A. Soldado, R. Garcia, D. Sánchez, B. De La Roza-Delgado
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The fermentation end products as lactic acid, volatile fatty acids and ammonia-nitrogen, are important indicators of the efficiency of silage fermentation and are closely related to nutritive value of them (Jaster, 1995). Drying is problematic in the case of silage as many fermentation products are volatile and may get lost during the drying process. This may be a reason why NIR technology is being little used for the evaluation of silage fermentation characteristics. The feasibility of using near infrared transflectance spectroscopy to evaluate the content in fermentation end products of grass and maize fresh silage was investigated in this study.
Development Of A Method For The Fast And Complete Assessment Of Quality Characteristics In Undried Grass Silages By Means Of An Nir-Diode Array Spectrometer,
2023
Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Germany
Development Of A Method For The Fast And Complete Assessment Of Quality Characteristics In Undried Grass Silages By Means Of An Nir-Diode Array Spectrometer, H. Gibaud, C. Paul, J. M. Greef, B. Ruser
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Traditionally, the determination of grass silage is very time consuming and needs a lot of manpower and chemicals. The advantages of conventional laboratory NIRS instruments are well known but their disadvantage lies in their lacking suitability for on-farm use. A new type of spectrometer based on diode arrays may be used for this purpose. However, these new instruments still need to be calibrated for an accurate estimate of the fermentative and nutritive value of wet and unchopped grass silage.
A Simple Method For The Correction Of Fermentation Losses Measured In Laboratory Silos,
2023
Elmenhorst, Germany
A Simple Method For The Correction Of Fermentation Losses Measured In Laboratory Silos, F. Weissbach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dry matter (DM) losses caused by formation of gaseous fermentation products can be measured by different methods. The most common method (A) is measuring the difference between the DM input and output of a silo. Other methods are based on the measurement of the fermentation gases which spontaneously leave the silo, either directly by collecting them (B) in a special absorbent like KOH or, much more easily, by weighing the filled silo at the beginning and the end of the fermentation process (C). The figures obtained by B and C are substantially smaller than those by A. This difference represents …
Prediction Of Red Clover Content In Mixed Swards By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy,
2023
Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium
Prediction Of Red Clover Content In Mixed Swards By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, B. Deprez, D. Stilmant, C. Clément, C. Decamps, A. Peeters
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Because of the legume fixation capacity, their high protein content, digestibility and intake characteristics, more and more attention is paid to grassland clover content. In field experiments, clover content must often be determined, for example to quantify nitrogen flux or the best practices to manage such species (Stilmant et al., 2004). However hand sorting of clover and grass, even if accurate, is time-consuming and has a high labour cost. In comparison, accuracy of visual estimation of clover content, directly in the field, varies according to training and experience. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as a method for …
Intake And Milk Production Of Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Diverse Forage Mixtures Over Two Grazing Seasons,
2023
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Intake And Milk Production Of Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Diverse Forage Mixtures Over Two Grazing Seasons, K. Soder, M. A. Sanderson, J. L. Stack, L. Muller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Voluntary intake and stocking rate are key determinants of animal performance on pasture. Greater plant diversity in grassland plant communities has been linked to increased primary production, greater stability in response to disturbance, and reduced weed pressure. Thus, increasing plant diversity may be one approach to improving animal productivity. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of forage diversity on intake and milk production of lactating dairy cows over two grazing seasons.
A Comparison Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars Differing In Heading Date And Grass Ploidy For Grazing Dairy Cows At Two Different Stocking Rates,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
A Comparison Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars Differing In Heading Date And Grass Ploidy For Grazing Dairy Cows At Two Different Stocking Rates, M. O'Donovan, G. Hurley, L. Delaby, G. Stakelum
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal productivity is the ultimate performance indicator of any new grass cultivar. Direct assessment is complex and expensive. Recent research has identified a number of important sward factors that influence intake and production. The most important factor appears to be green leaf mass. The objective of this two year study was to investigate the effects on milk yield, composition and grass intake of grass cultivars with contrasting heading dates (HD) and grass ploidies (PL) when grazed at different stocking rates.
In Situ Rumen Degradability Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars Differing In Ploidy And Heading Date In Ireland,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
In Situ Rumen Degradability Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars Differing In Ploidy And Heading Date In Ireland, V. Olsson, J. J. Murphy, F. P. O'Mara, M. O'Donovan, F. J. Mulligan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazed grass is the predominant feed in Irish dairy and beef cattle production systems. Knowledge of the degradability characteristics of protein in Irish forages is necessary for the establishment of protein values (PDIE and PDIN values) for these. This knowledge would also facilitate more accurate formulation of supplements for grass diets with the potential to reduce nitrogen (N) excretion.
Grazing Behaviour Of Beef Steers Grazing Kentucky 31 Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, Q4508-Ar542 Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue, And Lakota Prairie Grass,
2023
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Grazing Behaviour Of Beef Steers Grazing Kentucky 31 Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, Q4508-Ar542 Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue, And Lakota Prairie Grass, H. T. Boland, G. Scaglia, J. P. Fontenot, A. O. Abaye, R. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tall fescue is the most dominant grass used for pasture in the U.S. covering over 14 million ha. As a result, fescue toxicosis is a major concern among producers, especially during the summer months when the symptoms, such as reduced weight gains, are most pronounced. Producers need alternative forages for grazing cattle that do not have the negative effects associated with endophyte infected tall fescue. The objective of this experiment was to determine the grazing behaviour of cattle on Kentucky 31 endophyte infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Q4508-AR542 (Q) novel endophyte tall fescue, and Lakota (L) …
Caucasian Clover Is More Productive Than White Clover In Temperate Pastures,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
Caucasian Clover Is More Productive Than White Clover In Temperate Pastures, A. D. Black, D. J. Moot, R. J. Lucas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White clover (wc) (Trifolium repens) is present and is often the dominant legume in the >11 m ha of grassland in New Zealand (NZ). However, wc has limitations and normally contributes less than 20% of total annual pasture dry matter (DM) production. The use of a wider range of legume species is one way to increase legume percentage in wc/grass pastures. Caucasian (Cc) or Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) is a persistent legume which is slower to establish than wc but can increase total legume production (Cc plus volunteer wc) and hence N2 fixation and animal productivity. …
Response Of Warm-Season Grass Pasture To Grazing Period And Recovery Period Lengths,
2023
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Response Of Warm-Season Grass Pasture To Grazing Period And Recovery Period Lengths, B. E. Anderson, W. H. Schacht
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing period and recovery period lengths are key variables influencing grassland production and composition. Systems with short grazing periods and lengthy recovery periods require numerous pastures. Relatively high facility and management costs associated with multiple-pasture systems can be justified only if plant response is favorable and/or if livestock production is improved. This study determined the effects of 4 different combinations of grazing period/recovery period lengths on percentage basal cover (PBC) and relative species composition (RSC) of seeded, warm-season grass pasture.
