Discovery, Isolation And Characterisation Of Promoters From Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne),
2023
Molecular Plant Breeding Cooperative Research Centre, Australia
Discovery, Isolation And Characterisation Of Promoters From Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), A. Lidgett, N. Petrovska, J. Chalmers, N. Cummings, G. C. Spangenberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The availability of a suite of promoters with a range of spatial, temporal and inducible expression patterns is of significant importance to enable targeted expression of genes of interest for molecular breeding of forage species. A range of resources and tools have been developed for promoter isolation and characterisation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) including genomic lambda and BAC libraries and a 15 K unigene microarray.
Improving Forage Quality Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) By Genetic Manipulation Of Lignin Biosynthesis,
2023
The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Improving Forage Quality Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea) By Genetic Manipulation Of Lignin Biosynthesis, Z. -Y. Wang, L. Chen, C. -K. Auh, A. Hopkins, P. Dowling
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lignification of plant cell walls is a major factor limiting forage digestibility and concomitantly animal productivity. Improvement in forage grass cell wall digestibility has become an important goal of many plant-ruminant animal research programs. Lignins are complex phenolic heteropolymers associated with the polysaccharidic components of the wall in specific plant cells. Lignin in forage grasses comprises guaiacyl (G) units derived from coniferyl alcohol, syringyl (S) units derived from sinapyl alcohol, and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units derived from p-coumaryl alcohol. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and caffeic acid O- methyltransferase (COMT) are key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Tall fescue …
Manipulating The Phenolic Acid Content And Digestibility Of Forage Grasses By Targeted Expression Of Fungal Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes,
2023
Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research, UK
Manipulating The Phenolic Acid Content And Digestibility Of Forage Grasses By Targeted Expression Of Fungal Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes, M. M. De O. Buanafina, P. Morris, T. Langdon, S. J. Dalton, B. Hauck, H. Porter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grass cell walls constitute 30-80% of forage dry matter, representing a major source of energy for ruminants. Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid) and other hydroxycinnamic acids are ester linked to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans of grass cell walls and undergo oxidative coupling reactions resulting in the formation of a variety of dehydrodiferulate dimers which cross-link cell wall polymers. Although such cross-links have a number of important roles in the cell wall, they also hinder the rate and extent of cell wall degradation by ruminant microbial and fungal enzymes. We have shown previously the expression of a ferulic acid esterase gene from …
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.),
2023
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Japan
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), H. Sato, M. Fujimori, Y. Mano, T. Kiyoshi, T. Takamizo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method has several advantages. However, this method has no example of success in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Since Lolium species are outcrossing, one cultivar consists of many genotypes. Each genotype can show a different ability for callus formation and plant regeneration (Takahashi et al., 2004). Thus, it is important to select a good genotype for efficient and stable transformation. If the plant is maintained in vitro, we can perform transformation using calli induced from shoot tips of the same genotype at any time. Our objective is to confirm an A. tumefaciens …
A Comparison Of Hygromycin And Paromomycin Selection Strategies In The Genetic Transformation Of Seven Lolium, Festuca, Poa, And Agrostis Species,
2023
Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research, UK
A Comparison Of Hygromycin And Paromomycin Selection Strategies In The Genetic Transformation Of Seven Lolium, Festuca, Poa, And Agrostis Species, S. J. Dalton, P. Robson, M. Buanafina, A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, P. Morris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hygromycin selection for the hpt gene, expressed from the CaMV-35S promoter, has been successful in transgenesis of a limited number of grass species. As an alternative to hpt selection Altpeter et al., (2000) reported successful transformation using paromomycin selection for the nptII gene expressed by the maize ubiquitin promoter. We have tested the utility of a number of selection cassettes using previously sporadically transformable species which nevertheless had very good tissue culture and regeneration protocols.
Nylon Mesh As An Improved Support For Bombarded Calli Or Cell Suspensions,
2023
Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research, UK
Nylon Mesh As An Improved Support For Bombarded Calli Or Cell Suspensions, S. J. Dalton, P. Robson, M. Buanafina, A. J. E. Bettany, E. Timms, D. Wiffen, P. Morris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Using cell suspensions to transform some grass species by particle bombardment has a number of disadvantages including increased somoclonal variation in liquid cell culture and poor performance due to polysaccharide production. The use of calli avoids these problems, but the manipulation of calli through numerous media changes is laborious and time-consuming. We investigated a possible mechanism to facilitate the use of calli in transformation by immobilising calli on mesh.
A Novel Genotype Independent Protocol For In Vitro Plant Regeneration From Mature Seed Derived Callus Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.),
2023
University of Toledo
A Novel Genotype Independent Protocol For In Vitro Plant Regeneration From Mature Seed Derived Callus Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.), S. Chennareddy, R. V. Sairam, S. L. Goldman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tall fescues (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are cool season forage and turf grasses of significant agricultural importance in different grassland countries. Genetic improvement of tall fescues by conventional selection procedures is slow, since these are predominantly, cross-pollinated, hexaploid and generally infertile (Jauhar, 1993). Genetic Engineering approaches for incorporation of agronomically useful traits may contribute to the development of improved tall fescue cultivars (Spangenberg et al., 1998). However for any genetic engineering studies, it is essential to develop a genotype-independent, reproducible and efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of different sterilization procedures …
Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass),
2023
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Y. Jinfeng, H. Xiuwen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Genetic engineering for breeding for drought resistance and salt tolerance in wheatgrass, lucerne and tall fescue is one of the main projects in a major national programs as part of the10th’five-year national plan: “Research of gene transfer in plants and its industrialisation”. It is a large project that has financial support for work on forage crops in China and many research institutes and universities take part in it. The Inner Mongolia Agricultural University is in charge of the project on wheatgrass. The research was started in Nov. 2002. The general situation and the primary results are introduced and …
Genetic Transformation Of Rhodesgrass (Chloris Gayana Kunth.) By Particle Bombardment,
2023
University of Miyazaki, Japan
Genetic Transformation Of Rhodesgrass (Chloris Gayana Kunth.) By Particle Bombardment, J. Matsumoto, S. Tsuruta, T. Gondo, Ryo Akashi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) has been cultivated as one of the most important warm-season grasses in the world. One of the major limitations for cattle production on forage grasses, especially warm-season grasses is poor digestibility if compared to temperate grasses (Gondo et al., 2003). It is believed that the low digestibility of warm-season grasses is due to high lignin contents (Akashi et al., 2003). Recently, modification of the lignin content of plants appears to be feasible using genetic engineering strategies. We have established a methodology for high-frequency somatic embryogenesis and multiple shoot formation from seed-derived shoot apical …
Molecular Breeding Of White Clover For Transgenic Resistance To Alfalfa Mosaic Virus And Natural Resistance To Clover Yellow Vein Virus,
2023
CSIRO, Australia
Molecular Breeding Of White Clover For Transgenic Resistance To Alfalfa Mosaic Virus And Natural Resistance To Clover Yellow Vein Virus, P. Chu, G. Zhao, G. C. Spangenberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Trifolium repens L. (white clover) is one of the most important pastoral plants in temperate Australia. Its productivity and persistence is being reduced significantly by Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and White clover mosaic virus (WClMV). These viruses are also widespread in other legumes and are inflicting large economic losses to farmers throughout the world (Campbell, 1984). To reduce the economic impact of these viruses, white clover plants resistant to both ClYVV and AMV are being developed for future commercial release. Since introducing viral transgenes from two or more viruses into a transgenic plant has the …
Increased Cuticular Wax Accumulation And Enhanced Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Alfalfa By Overexpression Of A Transcription Factor Gene,
2023
The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Increased Cuticular Wax Accumulation And Enhanced Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Alfalfa By Overexpression Of A Transcription Factor Gene, Z. -Y. Wang, J. -Y. Zhang, C. Broeckling, E. Blancaflor, M. Sledge, L. Summer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plant cuticular waxes play an important role in protecting aerial organs from damage caused by multiple environmental stresses such as drought, cold, UV radiation, pathogen infection and insect attack. The identification of leaf wax genes involved in stress tolerance is expected to have great potential for crop improvement. Cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain fatty acids, alkanes, primary and/or secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, triterpenes, sterols and flavonoids. Mutant analysis in Arabidopsis has contributed to the identification of the components and genes involved in wax deposition. However, no information is available on the effects of overexpression of …
Development Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Transgenic Plants Expressing A Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxin And Their Evaluation Against Alfalfa Caterpillar (Colias Lesbia),
2023
Instituto de Genética, Argentina
Development Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Transgenic Plants Expressing A Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxin And Their Evaluation Against Alfalfa Caterpillar (Colias Lesbia), F. Ardila, M. C. Gómez, M. J. Diéguez, E. M. Pagano, M. Turica, R. Lecuona, V. Arolfo, D. Basigalup, C. Vázquez Rovere, E. Hopp, P. Franzone, R. D. Rios
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage crop in Argentina, with ca. 6 million cultivated hectares. The production of this crop is limited by the alfalfa caterpillar (Colias lesbia) which causes a loss equivalent to at least 10% of the biomass per year. No natural tolerance against this lepidoptera was found in alfalfa germplasm, hampering the development of tolerant cultivars by conventional breeding. This pest is usually controlled by using chemical insecticides but this has adverse effects on beneficial insects and the environment. Alternatively, low doses of commercial Bt insecticides (40 to 70 g/ha) also …
Endophyte Astra: A Web-Based Resource For Neotyphodium And Epichloë Est Analysis,
2023
Molecular Plant Breeding Cooperative Research Centre, Australia
Endophyte Astra: A Web-Based Resource For Neotyphodium And Epichloë Est Analysis, K. Shields, M. Ramsperger, S. A. Felitti, C. G. Love, T. A. Erwin, D. Singh, E. G. Logan, D. Edwards, G. C. Spangenberg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Large-scale gene discovery has led to the production of 13,964 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) collectively from the grass endophytes Neotyphodium coenophialum, N. lolii and Epichloë festucae.
An Agronomic Evaluation Of Grazing Maize Combined With Companion Crops For Sheep In Northwestern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa,
2023
University of the North, South Africa
An Agronomic Evaluation Of Grazing Maize Combined With Companion Crops For Sheep In Northwestern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, C. S. Dannhauser, E. A. Van Zyl
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Northwestern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), in South Africa, is well known for its sheep production from natural rangeland in summer (October to May). During winter however, the nutritional value of the rangeland cannot maintain young growing sheep or pregnant and lactating ewes. With this in mind Lyle (1991) suggested the use of planted pastures for the winter. Crichton, Gertenbach & Henning (1998) and Esterhuizen & Niemand (1989) suggested maize crop residues for both cattle and sheep during winter, whereas Moore (1997) evaluated grazing maize (not harvested) for this purpose. He found that the protein content of the crop was inadequate and for …
A Genecological Study Of The Widespread Australian Native Grass Austrodanthonia Caespitosa (Gaudich.) H.P. Linder.,
2023
Charles Sturt University, Australia
A Genecological Study Of The Widespread Australian Native Grass Austrodanthonia Caespitosa (Gaudich.) H.P. Linder., C. M. Waters, James M. Virgona, Gavin J. Melville
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The lack of commercial quantities of seed is preventing the use of native grasses in large-scale revegetation programmes. Sourcing wild-land non-local provenance seed from distant locations brings with it risks associated with maladaptation and potential genetic pollution. Understanding of intra-specific ecotypic variation and its adaptive consequences is required to both increase seed supply and retain adaptive characteristics in native plant revegetation programmes. A recently commenced genecological study on the widespread Australian native grass, Austrodanthonia caespitose, aims to examine quantitative traits in a common garden study and genetic structure (using DNA analysis) of 35 populations collected from a large geographic …
Effect Of Pre-Planting Seed Treatment Options On Dormancy Breaking And Germination Of Ziziphus Mucronata,
2023
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Effect Of Pre-Planting Seed Treatment Options On Dormancy Breaking And Germination Of Ziziphus Mucronata, Abubeker Hassen, N. F. G. Rethman, Willem A. Van Niekerk
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ziziphus mucronata (Buffalo thorn) is a multipurpose tree, widely adapted to a range of ecological conditions and tolerant of extreme climatic conditions, including frost and drought (Venter & Venter, 1996). It is a valuable fodder tree for livestock and game animals, especially in the drier parts of Africa (Rothauge et al. 2003). Similar to many other leguminous species, establishment is constrained by low and erratic germination of the seed, which has been attributed mainly to the physical barrier of the stony endocarp and dormancy associated with seed coat impermeability. This experiment aimed to compare the suitability of various seed treatment …
The Effect Of Fertiliser Treatment On The Development Of Rangelands In Argentina,
2023
Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
The Effect Of Fertiliser Treatment On The Development Of Rangelands In Argentina, Ezequiel M. Latorre, Mónica B. Sacido
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Argentina grazing of rangelands may result in a decrease in winter gramineous species with an increase in summer weeds such as Cynodon dactylon. Lolium multiflorum is an important forage resource for grazing in the autumn, winter and spring. A delay in its emergence may occur because of summer weeds, which reduces the germination rate. The proportion of the seed bank as ryegrass allows the recovery of natural grassland and facilitates an increase in the productivity of livestock. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the impact of application of fertiliser in the short term on the …
The Effect Of Different Grazing Managements On Upland Grassland,
2023
Research Institute of Crop Production, Czech Republic
The Effect Of Different Grazing Managements On Upland Grassland, V. Pavlů, Michal Hejcman, L. Pavlů, Jan Gaisler
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A transformation process in the Czech economy led to a rapid decrease in livestock numbers in the Czech Republic and an enlarged area of grasslands at the beginning of 1990’s. The result was extensification of grassland management and also abandonment in marginal areas. The main purpose of this study was to reveal how different managements affect plant species diversity of previously abandoned grassland.
Fertiliser Responses And Soil Test Calibrations For Grazed Pastures In Australia,
2023
Ellinbank Research Institute, Australia
Fertiliser Responses And Soil Test Calibrations For Grazed Pastures In Australia, C. J. P. Gourley, A. Melland, K. I. Peverill, P. Strickland, J. M. Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On-farm management of fertiliser is of major economic significance to the Australian grazing industries, based on expenditure on fertiliser and higher farm productivity that fertiliser use supports. However the application of fertiliser has traditionally been an inexact and inefficient process (Peverill et al. 1999) and there is increasing pressure for nutrient losses from agriculture to be minimised. The improved adoption and application of tools like soil testing can make substantial improvements in nutrient use efficiency but interpretation needs to be based on the best available information. This paper reports on the collation of current and historical experimental data relating to …
The Productivity Of Coastal Meadows In Finland,
2023
MTT Agrifood Research, Finland
The Productivity Of Coastal Meadows In Finland, R. Nevalainen, A. Huuskonen, S. Jaakola, J. Kiljala, E. Joki-Tokola
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The coastal meadows of Finland have gained a new interest as a summer pasture for cattle. These habitats have great historical, aesthetic and biological value (Pessa & Anttila, 2000). Typical features of the coastal meadows are the varying vegetation zones and wet, sometimes waterlogged, soils. The meadows are important nesting and feeding habitats for many water birds. When grazing ceases, reeds, trees and shrubs take over and the area loses its openness. Lately the amount of grasslands and pastures has drastically declined all over Europe. In Finland, the area of semi-natural biotopes has decreased to 1% of what it had …
