Joint Environmental And Social Benefits From Diversified Agriculture,
2024
University of Copenhagen
Joint Environmental And Social Benefits From Diversified Agriculture, Laura Vang Rasmussen, Ingo Grass
Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications
Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that …
What Soil Is Worth: A Cost-Benefit Framework Analysis Of Syntropic Farming,
2024
SIT Study Abroad
What Soil Is Worth: A Cost-Benefit Framework Analysis Of Syntropic Farming, Aubrey Kettley
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Syntropic farming, a type of regenerative agriculture, models its farming system after a forest. This type of farming prioritizes soil health while also providing a varied yield of crops. Because it is a fairly new system globally, little research has been done on the economic impacts of syntropic farming, and therefore the feasibility of scaling up regenerative systems like this. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of this system through a literature review and a cost-benefit analysis framework. The results highlight the applicability, environmental advantage and economic feasibility of the system. Based on the presented framework, the short …
Providing Pest Management Education For Home Gardeners In Utah,
2024
Utah State University
Providing Pest Management Education For Home Gardeners In Utah, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray
Outcomes and Impact Quarterly
In January 2024, Utah State University (USU) Extension's Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program launched a three-part class series targeting Utah's home gardeners. The goal was to enhance their abilities in identifying and managing insect and plant diseases. With over 200 participants, the series notably increased the knowledge of attendees. This initiative aligns with the USU Extension IPM program's mission to promote sustainable pest management practices across Utah, evidencing its commitment to environmental stewardship and community education.
Hilling As A Management Tactic And Tool For Understanding Soybean Gall Midge (Resseliella Maxima Gagné),
2024
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Hilling As A Management Tactic And Tool For Understanding Soybean Gall Midge (Resseliella Maxima Gagné), Pragya Gupta
Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Soybean gall midge (Resseliella maxima Gagné, SGM) emerged as a new species in the United States Midwest in 2019, causing injury to soybean (Glycine max L.) Infestation of R. maxima starts with females laying eggs in the fissures or cracks that develop at the base of soybean during the V2-V3 growth stage. The emerged larvae feed on the stem internally, leading to wilting and death of the plants. With knowledge gaps in biology and behavior, management strategies for this pest are challenging. Hilling is a cultural practice causing soil to cover the base of stems and is …
Impact Of Temperature On The Bionomics And Geographical Range Margins Of The Two-Spotted Field Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus In The World: Implications For Its Mass Farming,
2024
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi
Impact Of Temperature On The Bionomics And Geographical Range Margins Of The Two-Spotted Field Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus In The World: Implications For Its Mass Farming, Henlay J.O. Magara, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Brian L. Fisher, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Saliou Niassy, James P. Egonyu, Sylvain Hugel, Nana Roos, Monica A. Ayieko, Subramanian Sevgan, Sunday Ekesi
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) is widely considered an excellent nutrient source for food and feed. Despite its economic importance, there is limited information on the impact of temperature on the bionomics of this cricket to guide its effective and sustainable mass production in its geographical range. The biological parameters of G. bimaculatus were investigated at eight different temperatures ranging from 20–40∘C. The Insect Life-Cycle Modelling (ILCYM) program was used to fit linear and non-linear functions to the data to describe the influence of temperature on life history parameters and its farmability under the current and projected climate for 2050. Our …
Long-Term Soil Change In The Us Great Plains: An Evaluation Of
The Haas Soil Archive,
2024
USDA-ARS
Long-Term Soil Change In The Us Great Plains: An Evaluation Of The Haas Soil Archive, Mark A. Liebig, Francisco J. Calderon, Andrea K. Clemensen, Lisa Durso, Jessica L. Duttenhefner, Jed O. Eberly, Jonathan J. Halvorson, Virginia L. Jin, Kyle Mankin, Andrew J. Margenot, Catherine E. Stewart, Scott Van Pelt, Merle F. Vigil
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Diverse patterns of climate and edaphic factors challenge detection of soil property change in the US Great Plains. Because detectable soil change can take decades, insights into the trajectory of soil properties frequently require long-term site monitoring and, where available, associated soil archives to enable comparisons with initial or baseline states. Unfortunately, few multi-decadal soil change investigations have been conducted in this region. Here, we document effects of dryland cropping on a suite of soil properties by comparing matched historic (1947) and contemporary (2018) soil samples from the Haas Soil Archive at three sites in the US Great Plains: Moccasin, …
Silvopastoral Agroforestry In Upland And Lowland Uk Grassland: Tree Growth And Animal Performance,
2024
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Silvopastoral Agroforestry In Upland And Lowland Uk Grassland: Tree Growth And Animal Performance, W R. Eason, R Lavender, R O. Clements, C Duller, E Gill, M Hislop
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Trees, individually protected from herbivore damage using plastic shelters, were planted at two densities (100 and 400 stems/ha) into sheepgrazed pasture in upland and lowland UK grassland sites in 1988. Tree and animal performance were compared with conventional forestry (no sheep) and pasture (no tree) systems. Effects on tree growth and survival are highly species and site dependent although some treatment effects did emerge. Tree shelters encouraged rapid early height growth compared to forestry controls although in some cases tree form was also adversely affected. Generally tree performance within agroforestry treatments was better at the higher planting density. Eight years …
Use Of Annual Self-Reseeding Legumes In An Oak Forest In Central Italy,
2024
Universita di Firenze, Italy
Use Of Annual Self-Reseeding Legumes In An Oak Forest In Central Italy, P Talamucci, G Argenti, A Pardini, S Piemontese, N Stagliano
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A trial has been carried out for three years in an oak coppice geometrically thinned out of Mediterranean Central Italy, about the functioning of a pastoral system made by four different resources: native pasture, subterranean clover (Trifolium brachycalycinum Katzn. et Morley) in pure stand, strips thinned out and firebreaks improved with oversown subclover, all grazed by sheep. Subclover increased the forage yield and improved the palatabilty of the pasture and the regularity of grazing; the higher biomass intake by animals reduced the quantity of dried biomass in summer and contributed to keep low either fire hazards or flame diffusion …
The Effects Of Shelterbelts On Adjacent Pastures And Soils In A Temperate Climate,
2024
AgResearch, Palmerston North
The Effects Of Shelterbelts On Adjacent Pastures And Soils In A Temperate Climate, A G. Gillingham, M F. Hawke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two trials were conducted to differentiate the direct (exposure) from the indirect (modified soil fertility due to nutrient transfer by grazing animals) effects of farm shelterbelts on associated pasture growth.Soil from close to “unmanaged”shelterbelts with dense shelter to ground level had relatively high potassium (K) levels and, in a glasshouse situation, provided more pasture growth than soil from further distances, or from adjacent to “managed” shelterbelts. Pasture grown in boxes of a common soil implanted at increasing distances from a shelterbelt also produced highest growth rates close to shelter. These results generally explain the pattern of resident pasture growth, except …
Temperate Pasture And Sheep Performance Under Radiata Pine And In Open Pasture,
2024
Lincoln University, NZ
Temperate Pasture And Sheep Performance Under Radiata Pine And In Open Pasture, K M. Pollock, R J. Lucas, D B. Pownall, S E. Thomson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage production from years 4 to 6 of an agroforestry system at 400-600 trees per ha and pasture alone were compared for a temperate sub-humid environment. Forage production was best for lucerne pasture followed by phalaris/clover and cocksfoot/clover, and least for ryegrass/clover and the ryegrass only pastures. Total pasture production in the agroforest relative to the open pasture was from 10% more for phalaris to 20% less for lucerne. Sheep carrying capacity over all pastures was 14.6 sheep/ha in the open and 11.8 sheep/ha in the agroforest and varied by ±15% according to the pasture types.
Grazing Management Of Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Proliferus) For Sheep And Cattle Production In Southern Australia,
2024
The University of Western Australia
Grazing Management Of Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Proliferus) For Sheep And Cattle Production In Southern Australia, N J. Edwards, G M. Allen, D M. Mcneill, C M. Oldham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Direct grazing of hedgerows of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) by sheep or cattle appear to be very robust systems. Tagasaste persists under a continuous grazing regime with cattle such that plant regrowth maintained between 5 and 10 cm in length produces in excess of 215 kg of animal liveweight/ha/year. This level of production is also sustained within a rotational grazing regime. Under both grazing systems cattle production within a year is highly seasonal, with liveweight gains from young cattle peaking at 1.0-1.5 kg/head/day in winter and spring, but dropping to maintenance only by late summer-autumn. Sheep, like cattle, can …
Shrub Palatability To Rusa Deer (Cervus Timorensis Russa) In New Caledonia,
2024
Centre de CoopÈration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le DÈveloppement
Shrub Palatability To Rusa Deer (Cervus Timorensis Russa) In New Caledonia, C Corniaux, S Le Bel, J M. Sarrailh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine a palatability scale of five shrub legumes to rusa deer during the dry season in New Caledonia. Acacia ampliceps and Samanea saman remain low in acceptability. Gliricidia sepium is more palatable but quite less than Leucaena leucocephala (native cultivar) and Calliandra calothyrsus (San Ramon). Therefore, since the regression of Leucaena leucocephala population, Calliandra calothyrsus could be very promising to replace it in the deer diet. On the other hand, Acacia ampliceps seems to be the most interesting shrub legume to plant in the west coast, where soil erosion, due to successive droughts …
Soil Nutrient Redistribution Pattern About The Tree In A Silvopastoral System,
2024
University of Aberdeen
Soil Nutrient Redistribution Pattern About The Tree In A Silvopastoral System, L C. Nwaigbo, H G. Miller, A R. Sibbald, G Hudson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this paper is to report the effect of animal-tree interactions on soil nutrient redistribution pattern in a grazed silvopastoral experiment site at Glensaugh, in NE Scotland. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) tree species were planted in square lattice arrangements at 5 m x 5 m, spacing (400 stems/ha) on plots replicated over three blocks in Randomized Complete Block design on a predominantly rye grass (Lolium perenne L) pasture which was grazed by sheep yearly from April to October. Included in the design were grazed pasture plots without trees (Control). Soil samples were collected from around …
Trees For Shelter: The Implications In Agroforestry System,
2024
University of Aberdeen
Trees For Shelter: The Implications In Agroforestry System, L C. Nwaigbo, A R. Sibbald, G Hudson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the horizontal and vertical variations in soil penetration resistance (PR) observed at tree-scale in silvopastoral plots that were grazed by sheep with and without trees. Sycamore trees (Acer pseudoplatanus L) were planted in the spring of 1988 at 10 m x 10 m spacing (100 stems/ha) at Glensaugh NE of Scotland on plots replicated over three blocks in Randomized Complete Block design on a predominantly rye grass (Lolium perenne L) pasture. Included in the design were pasture plots without trees (Control). The experiment is grazed by sheep yearly from April to …
A Silvopastoral System In The North Atlantic Zone Of Costa Rica: Combining Indigenous Timber Species With Dairy Pasture Swards,
2024
North Carolina State University
A Silvopastoral System In The North Atlantic Zone Of Costa Rica: Combining Indigenous Timber Species With Dairy Pasture Swards, A Moulaert- Quiros, J P. Mueller, M Villarreal, R Piedra, L Villalobos
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to design, establish and monitor a silvo pastoral experiment on a dairy farm in the northern Atlantic region of Costa Rica. Indigenous timber species, Vochysia guatemalensis and Hyeronima alchorneoides were used together with or without the tropical pasture legume, Arachis pintoi in a split plot design with a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. First year establishment was good for the tree component (2.3 to 10 % mortality) but poor for A. pintoi (4 to 5 % of sward). Poor legume establishment was attributed to lax grazing management and excess competition from existing …
Productivity Of Three Tree Legumes Grazed By Cattle,
2024
The University of Queensland, Australia
Productivity Of Three Tree Legumes Grazed By Cattle, R C. Gutterridge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three tree legumes Albizia chinensis, Leucaena leucocephala K 636 and Tipuana tipu were grown in conjunction with the grass Brachiaria decumbens and grazed by weaner cattle at a stocking rate of 2.5 animals per hectare for a total of 447 days. Albizia was best adapted to this acidic, poorly drained site in south east Queensland giving the highest yields of edible dry matter, high survival rate and moderate liveweight gains of 0.45 kg/head/day. The productivity of L. leucocephala K 636 was always poor but it gave the highest liveweight gains of all treatments in the first 280 days of grazing, …
Morphological And Physiological Response Of Planeleaf Willow (Salix Planifolia Pursh.) To Simulated Browsing,
2024
North Dakota State University--Fargo
Morphological And Physiological Response Of Planeleaf Willow (Salix Planifolia Pursh.) To Simulated Browsing, L Xu, J L. Dodd, M A. Smith, Q D. Skinner, W A. Laycock
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Morphological and physiological responses of planeleaf willow (Salix planefolia Pursh.) to simulated browsing were studied under controlled conditions. The treatments consisted of every combination of three clipping intensities (30%, 60% and 90% of current twigs length removal) and three clipping timings (late winter, early spring and mid-summer). Increased clipping intensity stimulated bud activation; increased total leaf area and leaf size and increased the length of current year’s twigs. Mid-summer browsing increased the total number of leaves, the number of current twigs and decreased the length of current twigs. Higher browsing intensity resulted in higher photosynthetic rate of recently matured …
Psyllid Resistance In The Leucaena Genus,
2024
The University of Queensland, Australia
Psyllid Resistance In The Leucaena Genus, B F. Mullen, H M. Shelton, F Gabunada, W W. Stur
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Leucaena species varied from highly susceptible to highly resistant in their response to the psyllid insect (Heteropsylla cubana) at 2 sites, a high psyllid environment at Brisbane, Australia and a moderate psyllid environment at Los Baños, Philippines. L. leucocephala was the most susceptible species. There was considerable intraspecific variation in psyllid resistance within L. collinsii, L. diversifolia and L. pallida. Plant reponse to psyllid challenge between environments was highly correlated but not linear. The higher psyllid challenge environment at Brisbane permitted greater discrimination between species and fewer Leucaena species were ranked as psyllid resistant.
Fodder Production Of Multipurpose Trees In A Maize Farming System Of Subhumid Southern Africa,
2024
SADC-ICRAF, Zimbabwe
Fodder Production Of Multipurpose Trees In A Maize Farming System Of Subhumid Southern Africa, B H. Dzowela, L Hove, P L. Mafongoya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ways to integrate fodder production into maize production systems under Southern Africa’s subhumid conditions have been studied. One way involves the planting of tree and grass fodder hedges along soil conservation contour-bunds in maize fields. Management factors that influence the productivity of maize and fodder components in the system are fodder spp., side-pruning and deferment of wet season cutting. The other option involves interplanting tree fodders with maize through the use of a coppicing tree such as Acacia angustissima. Practical applications of these methods in mixed crop-livestock production systems are discussed.
Differences In Chemical Composition Among Provenances Of Browse Species In A Subhumid Environment: Relation To Use As Supplements,
2024
SADC-ICRAF
Differences In Chemical Composition Among Provenances Of Browse Species In A Subhumid Environment: Relation To Use As Supplements, B H. Dzowela, L Hove, P L. Mafongoya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies were initiated in a subhumid Southern African environment to assess the chemical composition and nutritive value of Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze, Calliandra calothyrsus Meiss. and Leucaena species. The objective was to determine variability in crude protein (CP) concentration, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and soluble and insoluble proanthocyanidins from fodder samples of species, subspecies and provenances. A wide range was found in these parameters. The implications of these chemical composition factors, especially proanthocyanidins, on the use of these browse fodders in livestock feeding systems are discussed.
