Relationships Between Milk Yield, Pasture On Offer And Diet Selection In Tropical Grass Pastures,
2024
Department of Primary Industries
Relationships Between Milk Yield, Pasture On Offer And Diet Selection In Tropical Grass Pastures, T M. Davison, W N. Orr, V J. Doogan, K Lowe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A 7-year study was conducted with Holstein-Friesian cows to determine responses to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser applied to Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. This study was used to develop relationships between milk yield, pasture and diet botanical components. Multiple regression analysis revealed there was: a negative relation between stem yield (SI) on offer in summer (S) and milk yield but a positive association with leaf yield (L) on offer in summer and green dry matter .GDM in autumn (A),, MY = 2279.0+0.529 LS-0.246 StS+0.324 GDMA _(R2 = 0.66; P
A New Ambulatory Data-Logging System For A Long Term Determination Of Grazing And Rumination Behavior On Free Ranging Cattle,
2024
The University of Tokyo
A New Ambulatory Data-Logging System For A Long Term Determination Of Grazing And Rumination Behavior On Free Ranging Cattle, Kanji Matsui, Tadakatu Okubo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A new ambulatory apparatus (named "jaw recorder") has been developed. The apparatus has a large data storage capacity (32 768 data points), and enables data to be recorded every minute for a minimum of 22 days in one recording session. A Holstein heifer was fitted with the apparatus and was grazed with 4 other heifers for 13 days on a pasture of 0.36 ha of Italian ryegrass (Lolium nmltiflorum Lam.). Grazing and rumination period could be distinguished by a combination of jaw movements and pauses between jaw movements longer than 3 sec/min. Grazing and rumination time distinctly increased with …
Field Test Of Optimal Foraging With Cattle: The Marginal Value Theorem Predicts Patch Selection And Utilization,
2024
University of California
Field Test Of Optimal Foraging With Cattle: The Marginal Value Theorem Predicts Patch Selection And Utilization, Emilio A. Laca, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs, G Deo, M W. Demment
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazers selectively forage within heterogeneous vegetation. Prediction of intake rate necessitates theoretical developments to understand site selection. We tested III optimal foraging model to predict patch selection by cattle in the field, Nine "grazing environments" (GB) consisting of 16 0.36 m2 patches each were created by mowing. Treatments were a factorial of 3 distances between patches and 3 sets of patch heights. Patch residence time (T,) was accurately predicted (r2=0.89), and increased linearly whh patch distance (P
A Conceptual Model To Explain Variation In Ingestive Behavior Within A Feeding Patch,
2024
University of California
A Conceptual Model To Explain Variation In Ingestive Behavior Within A Feeding Patch, Emilio M. Laca, M W. Demment, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A conceptual model is presented that links the mechanics of bite formation to the characteristics of the sward to explain variation in bite weight, bite area, bite depth and biting rate measured in a series of experiments with hand-constructed swards. Bite area is determined by the behaviour used by the animal to collect and grasp the tillers, and the length and stiffness of the sward, Bite depth is affected by height and the degree of vertical heterogeneity in stiffness. Time per bite is controlled by bite weight. These mechanisms of bite formation and time per bite ex.plain many observed effects, …
Selective Behaviour Of Cattle Grazing Ryegrass Swards With Horizontal Heterogeneity In Patch Height And Bulk Density,
2024
University of California
Selective Behaviour Of Cattle Grazing Ryegrass Swards With Horizontal Heterogeneity In Patch Height And Bulk Density, Montague W. Demment, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs, E A. Laca, G P. Deo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Patches of different height and/or bulk density were created in ryegrass pasture to study selective responses of steers to horizontal variability in patch structure. The experiment involved 3 heterogeneity treatments with 2 patch types each. Steers encountered and entered both patch types available in each treatment with the same frequency. In contrast, they grazed for a longer time (T,) at; and removed more bites (B) from the patch type that yielded greater intake rates. While T, and B varied for a patch type depending on the alternative patch, bite rate and likely bite size were constant for a given patch …
Computer Recording Of The Variation In Intake Of Supplements Provided To Grazing Cattler,
2024
University of British Columbia
Computer Recording Of The Variation In Intake Of Supplements Provided To Grazing Cattler, R M. Tait, L J. Fisher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A computer system has been developed to record the consumption of' supplements provided free choice to grazing cattle. The system is based on electronic animal identification and one or more weatherproof electronic scales located in simple feed stations connected by telephone cable to a computer at a distance of up to 1 km. The software program identifies and records individual animals, • time and duration of visits, and the quantity of supplement consumed. The system has been tested in the field using 40 kg molasses-based feed blocks with up to 20 steers per feed station in paddocks of approximately 4 …
Diet Selection By Lambs In Ryegrass-White Clover Swards Differing In The Horizontal Distribution Of Clover,
2024
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute
Diet Selection By Lambs In Ryegrass-White Clover Swards Differing In The Horizontal Distribution Of Clover, R H. Armstrong, E Robertson, C S. Lamb, I J. Gordon, D A. Elston
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Weaned 5-month-old lambs grazed 2 series of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plots containing patches of mixed perennial ryegrass and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) varying in either a) the size of patches or b) the distance between patches. Both series embraced the same range of percentages (1-25) of ryegrass-clover patches in each plot. Diet composition was estimated from the pattern of naturAI alkanes in faeces collected between days 6 to 15 after allocation of the lambs to the treatments. The percentage of clover in the diet declined markedly from days 6 to 11 and thereafter increased slightly. Dietary …
Influence Of Ectoparasites On Ingestive And Meristic Behavior Of Grazing Beef Cattle,
2024
University of Kentucky
Influence Of Ectoparasites On Ingestive And Meristic Behavior Of Grazing Beef Cattle, C T. Dougherty, F W. Knapp, P B. Burrus, N W. Bradley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer) and slable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) were raised in the laboralory and released into 12 enclosures, each with I grazing cow (Bos taurus L.). Releases of 0, 400 and 800 face flies gave 3, 53 and 64 lighted flies/cow, respectively, with 30/head al the 400 and 800 levels, and eliciled head (2, 60 and 39/h), ears (8, 1337 and 859/h), tails (24, 191 and 606/h) movements and skin twitches (1 side) (15, 210 and 248/h) but did not induce leg movements or affect number of feeding stations visited (188/h), Face flies …
Dung Bags To Prevent Dung Pat Formation In Pasture By Grazing Cattle,
2024
Tokyo University of Agriculture
Dung Bags To Prevent Dung Pat Formation In Pasture By Grazing Cattle, Sakurai Mosaku
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to prevent dung pat formation on intensively grazed pasture in the humid temperate zone, a modified dung bag was made. Results from a preliminary study showed that smaller dung lumps dropped in the pasture resulted in the period of rejection being shorter and the rejected area being smaller or non existent. The dung bag was remodeled and fitted to the milking cows. After excretion the dung is held in the dung bag. From a hole in the bottom of the bag smaller dung lumps fall to the pasture. Therefore larger dung pat formation is prevented and the area …
Vegetation Utilization And Dynamics In Hill Pastures Dominated By Calluna Or Agrostis-Festuca-Nardus And Grazed By Sheep Or Cattle, R Celaya, M Olivan, K Osoro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The dynamics of Agrostis-Festuca-Nardus. grasslands and Calluma heathlands with broom on plots with different ratio of area covered by each community type and grazed either by cattle or sheep were monitored during summers of 1990 and 1991. Significant differences were observed. Cattle grazed Nard11s more intensively than sheep and Cai tuna cover . was more, slrongly affected by cattle than sheep grazing. Brooms were grazed intensively by sheep but were rejected by cattle.
Diet Selection, Diet Quality, Dry Matter Intake And Growth Rate Of Cattle Grazing Tropical Grass-Legume,
2024
CSIRO
Diet Selection, Diet Quality, Dry Matter Intake And Growth Rate Of Cattle Grazing Tropical Grass-Legume, D B. Coates, A J. Ash, R W. Mclean
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dietary attributes and growth of cattle grazing tropical grass-legume pastures were ex.amined in 2 experiments in northern Queensland. Pastures oversown with legume gave substantial improvements in dietary ,nitrogen, digestibility and dry mauer intake compared with native 1rass pasture. On phosphorus (P)-deficient soils, applying P fertiliser or supplementing with P, improved P jntake, feed intake and growth rate of .cattle. Once nitrogen and P deficiencies were overcome, it was com:luded that diet digestibility was the main factor limiting the growth. of cattle and that the severity of this limitation was determined primarily by seasonal conditions.
Variation In Intake Rate And Mastication By Grazing Steers In The Spring,
2024
North Carolina State University
Variation In Intake Rate And Mastication By Grazing Steers In The Spring, G P. Cosgrove, J C. Burns, D S. Fisher, K R. Pond, J P. Mueller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Changes in intake ,ate (IR), bite mass (BM), and biting rate (BR) and ingestive mastication of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schrcb; TF), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L; OG) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L: RG) were studied over 3 grazings between early spring and early summer of 2 consecutive years. Defoliation by steers started at 100 mm canopy height (Tl) and terminated at 50 mm (T2). At Tl, and again at T2, ocsophageal-fistulated steers were used to estimate IR, BM and BR and to provide extrusa samples for determination of 1nasticatc particle size after dry sieving. At Tl there …
Varietal Differences In The Heifer Preference Of Orchardgrass,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute
Varietal Differences In The Heifer Preference Of Orchardgrass, K Mizuno, S Shioya, F Fujimoto, M Kanbe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Heifer preferences of 14 varieties of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were studied using a tough cafeteria method throughout the growing season in 1991. Highly significant differences in heifer preferences between varieties were recognised through the 1st harvest in April to the 6th harvest in November. Several agronomic characters were negatively correlated with heifer preferences in each harvest: stage of maturity in the spring growth, occurrence of rhynchosporium scald (Rhynchosporium ortliosporum Caldwell) in the summer regrowth in July and of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers, f. sp. dactylitis Guyot and Massenot) in the autumn regrowth. However, leaf flexibility was …
Comparison Of Bite Weight And Bite Dimensions Of Sheep And Goats Grazing A Range Of Grasses And Clovers,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Comparison Of Bite Weight And Bite Dimensions Of Sheep And Goats Grazing A Range Of Grasses And Clovers, Y Gong, J Hodgson, M G. Lambert, A.C P. Chu, I L. Gordon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Response patterns in bite weight and bite dimensions of sheep and goats were evaluated using 3 grasses and 3 clovers sampled at 2 stages of maturity offered as prepared turves to animals confined in metabolism crates. Average bite weight across 12 sward types (6 forages x 2- stages) was similar for sheep and goats, but goats had greater bile weight per unit LW0•75 tlian sheep, Despite being shorter, the much denser clover swards resulted in larger bite weight than did grass swards. The taller reproductive swards enabled animals to harvest greater bite weights than did vegetative swards. Sheep obtained heavier …
Influence Of Sward Characteristics On The Diet Selected By Grazing Sheep In Perennial Ryegrass Swards Maintained At Two Sward Heights,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Influence Of Sward Characteristics On The Diet Selected By Grazing Sheep In Perennial Ryegrass Swards Maintained At Two Sward Heights, H Clark
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards were continuously but variably stocked to maintain a sward surface height (SSH) of either 4 cm or 3cm for 2 grazing seasons (1983, 1984). The lower sward height resulted in less length of leaf per tiller but this was balanced by a higher tiller population such that there were only small differences between the swards in green leaf mass per ha. In 1984 the green tissue ai1d the green leaf mass increased on both swards despite there being no change in the average sward height. This was due to an increased length of material …
Relationship Between Sward Structure And Dietary Quality And Intake, In Cattle Grazing Humid Sour Grassveld In South Africap,
2024
University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg
Relationship Between Sward Structure And Dietary Quality And Intake, In Cattle Grazing Humid Sour Grassveld In South Africap, P J. O'Reagain, M Haller, P.J K. Zacharias
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The relationship between sward structure, and dietary quality and intake was investigated for cattle grazing humid sour grassveld in south Africa. A 2-ha site was divided into 6 equal-sized blocks with; each block being managed to achieve a different sward structure using rotation·a1 grazing of cattle at 3, 5, 8, 11, 16 or 20 week intervals. Before to grazing, sward structure was quantified in terms. of tuft height, leaf table height, stemminess and greenness of the 3 most abundant species as well as sward leaf density. Oesophageal i fistulates were used to estimate dietary quality, bite rate, bite size, and …
Bite And Bolus Size Of Japanese Black Cattle Grazing Trays Of Perennial Ryegrass Of Different Heights,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute
Bite And Bolus Size Of Japanese Black Cattle Grazing Trays Of Perennial Ryegrass Of Different Heights, Shigeru Shioya, Kazuhiko Ochiai, Yasuko Togamura, K Betteridge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To determine the influence of grass .height on ingestive behaviour of Japanese Black cattle, bite size and bolus size of a Japanese Black heifer (230 kg body weight) and a Japanese Black cow (450 kg body weight) were estimated on perennial ryegrass (Lolium pere,me L.) turfs. Turfs in trays (460x600xl00 mm) were fed to the cattle for up to 3 min and reductions in turf weight were measured. One high (25 cm), 2 medium (13 cm) and 2 low (6 cm) turfs were offered to each animal. Bite size (dry matter intake/bite) both for the heifer and cow was greatest …
Comparison Of The Grazing Habits Of Japanese Black And Holstein Steers On Semi-Natural And Improved Pastures In Japan,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute
Comparison Of The Grazing Habits Of Japanese Black And Holstein Steers On Semi-Natural And Improved Pastures In Japan, Akihisa Yamada, Hiroshi Dohi, Shigeki Entsu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The grazing habit of 6 Japanese Black and 6 Holstein steers was compared on semi-natural pasture and improved perennial ryegrasswhite clover (Lolium perenne-Trifolium repens pasture in Japan. Japanese Black steers spent less time eating than Holstein steers on improved pasture. The ratio of walking while eating to total walking distance was lower for Japanese Blacks than for Holsteins, On the semi-natural pasture, Japanese Blacks .spent more time grazing than Holsteins and Japanese Blacks walked faster than Holsteins. On seminatural pasture, Japanese Blacks picked upper leaves always walking forward.
Botanical Composition Dynamics And Herbage Mass In Pasture Mixtures In The Mountainous Regions Of Guizhou Province, China,
2024
Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute
Botanical Composition Dynamics And Herbage Mass In Pasture Mixtures In The Mountainous Regions Of Guizhou Province, China, W L. Jiang, A. C P. Chu, J Z. Ren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Competition is a major cause of changes in the botanical composition and yield of pastures. Species that are compatible with each other do not utilise the same resources at the same time and therefore suffer less competition. Selecting compatible species in a mixture could thus enhance the yield and stability of the sward. The objective of this experiment was to compare the yield and botanical composition of a range of pasture species sown in simple or complex mixtures. Complex mixtures of more than 2 species tended lo outyield simple mixtures, and swards with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) tended …
Grazing Behavior Of Beef Cattle During First-Time Exposure To A Pearl Millet Pasture Treated With A Chemical Plant-Growth Regulator,
2024
University of Kentucky
Grazing Behavior Of Beef Cattle During First-Time Exposure To A Pearl Millet Pasture Treated With A Chemical Plant-Growth Regulator, J E. Arias, C T. Dougherty, M Collins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Twelve tethered Angus cows were used to estimate 1he effect of structure and chemical composition of a pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke cv, Tifleaf-.2. hybrid) pasture.on grazing. behaviour. Cerone (ethephon (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid) plant growth retardant (fOR) was broadcast, establishing canopy heights of 0.855, 0.716 and 0,829 m;• neutral detergent fibr�� (NDP) of 65,3, 63 .. 4 ·and 64.91/'; acid detergent • fibre (ADF) of 37.6, 36.2 and,37.5%: and in vitro organic .matter digestibility (lVOMD) of 66.4, 67 .9 and 66.9% (Treatment 1. (Tl), T2 and ·T3, respectively). ·Effective biting rate (BBR) averaged 24, 28 an!l 25 bites/min …
