Growth Of Temperate Perennial Legumes Over Three Cycles Of Defoliation At Different Temperatures,
2024
University of New England
Growth Of Temperate Perennial Legumes Over Three Cycles Of Defoliation At Different Temperatures, M A.P Duarsa, M J. Hill, J V. Lovett
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Summer-active legumes such as big trefoil (Lollis ped11nc11lat11s), birdsfool trefoil (Lot11s comic11la111s), crownvelch (Coronilla varia) and cicer milkvetch (Astraga/11s cicer) are needed for summer rainfall areas of the perennial pasture zone in eastern Australia where soil conditions and grazing management do not suit lucerne (Medicago sativa). The growth of these species was compared at 4 temperatures regimens (14/10, 18/14, 22/18, 26/22°C, 12:12 h) for 3 cycles of regrowth where soil moisture was serially changed from field capacity (FC) to 50% PC and back to PC in a growth cabinet pot experiment. Growth rates in lucerne always exceeded those of the …
Nutrient Cycling In Semi-Arid Grasslands And Savannas: Its Influence On Pattern, Productivity And Stability, Robert J. Scholes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The grazing animal carrying capacity of tropical semi-arid rangelands is largely controlled by rainfall, but above about 500 mm per annum, soil nutrient status has an overriding role. On low-nutrient soils, which cover vast areas of the ancient land surfaces of Africa, South America and Australia, it is the amount of grass eaten and digested that controls animal production, not the amount produced. On nutrientpoor soils (particularly those deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus) the primary production continues to increase with increasing rainfall, but the acceptability of the forage to ruminants declines, On the nutrient-rich soils of younger land surfaces, both …
Soil Characteristics And Processes Critical To The Sustainable Use Of Grasslands In Arid, Semi-Arid, And Seasonally Dry Environments, John Williams, Keith R. Helyar, Richard S.B Greene, Rosemary A. Hook
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The focus of this paper is a framework for determining the soil and land properties and processes which are critical to managing grasslands in an ecologically sustainable manner. Essential to the discussion is the development of concepts which allow description of the stability, resilience and sustainability of the agroecosystem as a whole as well as the land resource base. The regions of Australia with arid, semi-arid and seasonally dry environments are defined and related to the dry environments of the world. This provides a background for a brief consideration of major vegetation types and soils within the dry environments of …
Soil Animal Composition And Distribution In The Leymus Chinensis Grassland Region In Central Part Of North-East Of China,
2024
Northeast Normal University
Soil Animal Composition And Distribution In The Leymus Chinensis Grassland Region In Central Part Of North-East Of China, Yin Xiuqin, Li Jiandong, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Since 1990, we have investigated the soil animal composition and distribution in the Leymus chinensis (Aneuro chinensis) grassland region in central part of north-east of Chinn. Soil animals were studied in 20 plant communities in 4 habitats. A total of 15 797 soil animals belonging to 4 phyla, 6 classes, 28 orders and 86 families were obtained. Among them, 26 families and 22 species were new records in norlh-easl of China. The dominant groups were Formicidne, Actinedida, Oribatidn, lsotomidne, Rhnbditidae, Dorylainidae. Sparse woods of Ulmus, and the most animal groups (40) and Puccinellia chinapoesis and Heleochalis intersiIa …
Breeding Phalaris For Tolerance To A Range Of Acid Soils,
2024
CSIRO
Breeding Phalaris For Tolerance To A Range Of Acid Soils, R N. Oram, A M. Ridley, J Hunter, H E. Schroeder, J Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a persistent, drought-hardy grass adapted lo mediterranean climates, but it is sensitive to free aluminum in acid soils. P. arundinacea L is more tolerant of soil acidity, and therefore it has been crossed to P. aquatica, followed by 1 or 2 backcrosses to P. aquatica. Open-pollinated progenies generated by I or 2 generations of random mating without selection were tested at 3 acid soil sites in Victoria and ACT. The mean herbage yields in winter were lower than the phalaris controls, but heritability and expected selection responses were high. There are good prospects …
Intraspecific Variation For Salt Tolerance In White Clover,
2024
Institute for Sustainable Agriculture
Intraspecific Variation For Salt Tolerance In White Clover, M E. Rodgers, C L. Noble, M E. Nicolas, G M. Halloran
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Variation in the salt tolerance of 10 commercial cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was evaluated in greenhouse and field· experiments over a range of NaCl concentrations. Cultivars differed significantly in terms of yield, shoot ion concentrations and parameters of growth such as leaf expansion and petiole elongation rates but not in the root concentrations of Cl or Na. The ability to control the entry and distribution of Cl and Na into the shoot (demonstrated by tolerant cultivars Haifa and irrigation compared with sensitive cultivars Ladino and Tamar) was related to the salt tolerance rankings observed in both …
Breeding For Tolerance To Toxic Levels Of Aluminum In Alfalfa,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Breeding For Tolerance To Toxic Levels Of Aluminum In Alfalfa, T A. Campbell, Z L. Xia, P R. Jackson, C D. Foy, G R. Bauchan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An estimated 40% of all arable soils are acidic, and aluminum (Al) toxicity is often the primary plant-growth-limiting factor in these soils. Bxcess exchangeable Al is especially harmful in subsoils because it reduces rooting depth and branching and predisposes plants,to injury by drought. Our research to date indicates that there is substantial genetic variation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to toxic levels of Al, but that phenotypic recurrent selection appears to have been only marginally effective in selecting for Al tolerance. Possible alternative breeding approaches would entail re-evaluating selections to help obviate the effects of genotype x environment …
Evaluating Livestock Selling Strategies Based On Forage Availability,
2024
University of Arkansas
Evaluating Livestock Selling Strategies Based On Forage Availability, Lucas D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer, P L. Luster
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The ORAZB simulation model was used to evaluate 4 alternative decision rules to trigger the removal of stocker steers from pasture in order to avoid risk when pasture conditions are suboptimal, Each of the four decision rules was simulated for 8 stocking rates over a 13- year period, Results of the analysis indicated that decision rules which trigger livestock removal based on minimum herbage availability result in shorter grazing periods and higher average daily gain compared with decision rules which trigger removal based on livestock weight loss. Although decision rules based on minimum herbage availability thresholds resulted in the highest …
Grazing System And Grazing Pressure Effects On Herbage And Lamb Production From Subclover Interseeded Annual Grassland,
2024
University of Idaho
Grazing System And Grazing Pressure Effects On Herbage And Lamb Production From Subclover Interseeded Annual Grassland, Thomas C. Griggs, Milton B. Jones, Montague W. Demment
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Information on management effects on the productivity of improved mediterranean annual grassland pastures in California is limited, Our objectives were to compare herbage and lamb production in subclover (Trlfolium subterraneum L.)-seeded annual grassland under different intensities of continuous and rotational systems of grazing. Grazing systems at 3 grazing pressures were applied in a factorial arrangement to 12 0.6S-ha pastures in a randomised complete block design replicated twice. Targhee lambs grazed pastures from 28 February to 9 May in 1989 and from S March to 1 May in 1990. Lambs occupied each of the eight paddocks in rotations for 1-4 …
Intensive Grazing Of High Producing Holstein Cows: Milk Production, Forage Utilization And Profit Potential At Three Stocking Rates,
2024
The Pennsylvania State University
Intensive Grazing Of High Producing Holstein Cows: Milk Production, Forage Utilization And Profit Potential At Three Stocking Rates, S L. Fales, L D. Muller, M O'Sullivan, L E. Lanyon, R J. Hoover, L A. Holden
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A farmlet study was conducted to investigate lhe potential for improving dairy productivity and profit potential through increasing stocking rates above those commonly used in 1he north-eastern USA. High-producing Holstein cows were grazed at seasonal stocking rotes (SR) of 3.9 (HSR), 3.2 (MSR) and 2.5 (LSR) cows/ha. Measurements were taken of quantity and quality of pasture offered to cows, silage harvested and fed and milk production during 175 days of grazing in 1990. Results showed a direct relationship between stocking rote and pasture quality and a negative relationship with the percentage of the pasture rejected by cows. Milk production (mean, …
Intensive Grazing Systems And Methods For Beef Cattle,
2024
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Intensive Grazing Systems And Methods For Beef Cattle, V G. Allen, J P. Fontenot, M A. Cochran, A Brock, W Mcclure, J Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of grazing systems and methods on beef production. In experiment 1, cows, calves and stockers grazed tall fescue-clover (Festuca arundinacea-Trifolium repens) in a l 6-paddock system using rotational stocking or a 3-paddock system using continuous stocking as grazing methods. In experiment 2, stocker steers grazed orchardgrass-clover (Dactylis glomerata-Trifolium pratense) using buffer grazing with continuous stocking or a 14-paddock rotational stocking method. In experiment 3, 4 grazing systems were compared using sequence grazing combinations of cool-and warmseasoo perennial and annual forages. In experiments l and 2, there were no differences in …
Selection Pattern Of Holstein-Zebu Cows Grazing Stoloniferous And Tufted Type Tropical Grasses In A Cafeteria Type Trial,
2024
Livestock Research Sub-Division
Selection Pattern Of Holstein-Zebu Cows Grazing Stoloniferous And Tufted Type Tropical Grasses In A Cafeteria Type Trial, Francise E. Davis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seven stoloniferous and 7 tufted grasses are being evaluated in a longterm trial on an acid ultisol in Trinidad in duplicate 3x3 m plots. The grasses were cut at five weekly intervals and nitrogen at 40 kg/ha applied after every harvest. A basal dressing of 125 kg P20��, and 100 kg '½O and a trace element mix was applied twice annually. After culling in May 4 milking cows were allowed to graze the area. There was no significant difference in dry matter yield between the stoloniferous and tufted grasses, but there were significant differences within each type of grass in …
Effect Of Percentages Calluna Vulgaris Cover And Cow And Ewe Physiological Status On Animal Production On Mountain Pastures,
2024
Instituto de Experimentacion y Promocion Agraria Apdo
Effect Of Percentages Calluna Vulgaris Cover And Cow And Ewe Physiological Status On Animal Production On Mountain Pastures, K Osoro, R Celaya, Mamen Olivan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect percentage cover of Calluna vulgaris (30 or 70%) on performance of dry and lactating ewes and cows with their lambs and calves was studied during 1990 and 1991. Lactating cows had greater body weight losses than dry ones, the difference being 0.3 and 0.S kg/day for 1990 and 1991 respectively. Percentage C.vulgaris cover (30 or 70%) caused differences in body-weight losses· similar to those caused by physiological status. Milk production from the cows, and therefore calf live-weight gain, were significantly higher in the group grazing on the plot with 30% Calluna (0.62 and 0.71 kg/day for 1990 …
Adaptation Of Some Grass Species To Grazing,
2024
INRA
Adaptation Of Some Grass Species To Grazing, Marc Ghesquiere, J C. Emile, X Charrier, R Traineau
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To examine the grazing behaviour of some grass species, 2 linked trials were set up in Lusignan (France), Dry matter yields of 10 species were recorded by frequent mechanical cuts (every 15 days) and compared with the ability to feed sheep under continuous grazing management. The dry matter yield of the genotypes ranged from 5600 to 8600 kg DM/ha and the grazing yield from 86 to 183 days x animal. The well-known species, such as Bromus siIchensis L., 8. caIhar1ic11s L. and Dactylis glomerata L. usually used in farms allowed high dry matter and grazing yields, but some secondary species …
Quantification Of Nutrients Consumed And Utilized By Holstein Cows Grazing Grass Pastures In The North-Eastern Usa,
2024
The Pennsylvania State University
Quantification Of Nutrients Consumed And Utilized By Holstein Cows Grazing Grass Pastures In The North-Eastern Usa, Lisa A. Holden, L D. Muller, G A. Varga, S L. Fales
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Managing the nutrition of high producing dairy cows on pasture in the north-eastern USA is challenging owing to difficulty in accurately estimating intake and In determining nutrient utilisation by grazing dairy cows. In Trial 1, 16 lactating Holstein cows were used to estimate intake with an intensively grazed orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pasture with 2 stocking rates of 2.S and 3,9 cows/ha in a 24 week grazing season. Cows were fed a grain supplement which comprised about 35% of the diet dry matter. Chromium oxide was used as an external marker in faeces, Results of Trial 1 indicated total …
Crop Processing And Fractionation As A Commercial Proposition To Forage-Based Animal Systems,
2024
CSIRO
Crop Processing And Fractionation As A Commercial Proposition To Forage-Based Animal Systems, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The paper outlines crop processing and fractionation technology as it applies to an intensive forage-based operation with beef cattle, The benefits of forage processing prior to its feeding to cattle are described with an emphasis not only on the uniformity of the nutritive quality of the processed product but also on the extra financial benefits resulting from the wet fractionation process. The value-added primary products from the fractionation process ensure extra return to the. forage producers, crop processing installation and the feedlot operation. The characteristics of the fractionation products derived from lucerne and other crops are described.
Integrated Grazing Of Goats With Sheep Or Cattle On Continuously Grazed Pasture,
2024
Lincoln University
Integrated Grazing Of Goats With Sheep Or Cattle On Continuously Grazed Pasture, A M. Nicol, A.J F. Russel, I A. Wright
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Oroups of ewes (10) and their twin lambs were grazed on sown ryegrass• white clover (Lolium perenne L.-Trifollum repens L.) pastures maintained at a sward surface height of 4 or 8 cm and a further group grazed with yearling goats (in a proportion of 1/3 ewe plus lamb live weight) also at fi cm. A second concurrent experiment consisted of 3 similar treatments using young cattle with sward surface heights of 8 and 12 cm. Results over the 140-day grazing period showed that allhough the diet selected by sheep and cattle grazed with goats contained more green grass …
Herbage And Animal Production From Tall Fescue- And Ryegrass-Based Pastures In A Summer-Dry Environment,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Herbage And Animal Production From Tall Fescue- And Ryegrass-Based Pastures In A Summer-Dry Environment, D E. Hume, R.J M. Hay, T B. Lyons
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage production and animal performance were measured over 3 years In Hawkes Bay, a summer-dry region of New Z'.ealand. Tall rescue (Festuca arundinacea) (3 cultivars, all endophyte free) was compared with high endophyte perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). All pastures were sown with white clover (Trifolium repens). Herbage production and composition were determined for all seasons while cattle were monitored for live-weight gains from spring through to autumn. Tall fescue pastures produced 27% more total dry matter/ year than the ryegrass pasture, primarily in autumn. In summerautumn, ryegrass pastures had up to 76% dead matter …
Pasture Production Of Annual, Hybrid And Perennial Ryegrasses In Cool And Warm Temperature Climates,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Pasture Production Of Annual, Hybrid And Perennial Ryegrasses In Cool And Warm Temperature Climates, D E. Hume, M J. Hickey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture production and persistence of 8 ryegrass species-cultivars were evaluated under 2 grazing frequencies (infrequent and frequent) in a cool temperate climate (Southland) and a warm temperate climate (Manawatu) in New Zealand. All pastures were sown with white clover (Trifolirim repe11s) and rotationally grazed with sheep for 3 years. The 8 ryegrass lines were divided botanically into cultivars of annual ryegrass (Lo/ium muftljlorum), hybrid ryegrass (L. boucl1eanu111) (most of the parentage derived from L. multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (L. pere,me). Infrequent grazing resulted in higher yields and particularly higher ryegrass yields, but lower ryegrass tiller numbers at the cool site. …
Influence Of Sward Height On The Mechanics Of Grazing And Intake Rate By Racehorses,
2024
Lincoln University
Influence Of Sward Height On The Mechanics Of Grazing And Intake Rate By Racehorses, T P. Hughes, J R. Gallagher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Indoor studies were conducted with harvested turfs to evaluate the effect of sward height on the mechanics of grazing and Intake rate of racehorses. Bile weight increased from 0.64 g DM at the lowest sward height of 13.1 cm to 1.29 g DM at the highest sward height, 29,2 cm. Bite rate declined from 57.9 bites/min at the lowest sward height to 37.4 bites/min at the highest. This decline in bite rate as sward height Increased reflected increasing depth of bite, bite volume and bile weight. Intake rate did not increase with increasing sward height, It was concluded that this …
