Deforestation For Pasture In The Humid Tropics: Is It Economically And Environmentally Sound In The Long Term?, E Adilson Serrao, C Uhl, D C. Nepstad
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
During the past 5 decades, the rate of tropical forest conversion has accelerated in response to economic pressures, population growth, technological development, and prpgrammes and incentives to open land for development. Deforestation rates rose substantially through the I 980s, and were highest in Africa ( 1.7% ), followed by Asia (1.4%) and Latin America (0.9%). The greatest extent of deforestation, however, was In Latin America, especially in the Amazon, where much of the deforestation was for pasture-based cattle development. Although forest conversion for ranching has been routinely criticised because of the ecological and socioeconomic implications associated with it, cattle herds …
A Legume Ley System In Australia's Semi-Arid Tropics,
2025
QDPI/CSIRO
A Legume Ley System In Australia's Semi-Arid Tropics, R L. Mccown, K Thiagalingam, T Price, P S. Carberry, R K. Jones, N P. Dagliesh, D.C I. Peake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A large part of the Australian continent is semi-arid and tropical. While extensive beef cattle grazing is the most significant agricultural industry in this region, there Is some potential for dryland cropping. There are strong economic and- ecological reasons for exploring the possibility of a no-till tropical ley system. Work at Katherine, Northern Territory, found that a ley system based on Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano showed considerable promise based on both contributions to dry-season animal performance and nitrogen contribution to succeeding coarse grain crops. Subsequent research and development in the wetter Douglas-Daly district of the Northern Territory has demonstrated even …
Hardseededness Of Medicago Polymorpha Under Field Conditions In The Subhumid Mediterranean Zone Of Chile, Julia R. Avendano, Alejandro L. Del Pozo, Carlos M. Ovalle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To improve knowledge in the establishment and self-regeneration of medics grown in rotation with wheat in Chile, the long-term ambiental softening of medic seed is being studied. In March, (i) 72 samples of 100 pods each, were broadcast on the soil surface In plots of 20x20 cm, surrounded by a wood frame, and (ii) 12 samples were placed in a similar way, but the pods were buried at 1-2 ·cm. /11 sitr,, or field germination was recorded, and the germinated seeds destroyed. In (i), every 2 months during the first to fourlh softening season (SS), and in (ii), each March …
Role Of Gramineous Species In Cereal-Annual Legume Farming Systems,
2025
University of Adelaide
Role Of Gramineous Species In Cereal-Annual Legume Farming Systems, G N. Roberts, P G. Tow, E D. Carter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three pasture types (volunteer annual grass+medic, grass-free medic and oat+volunteer grass+medic) were compared at 2 stocking rates (8.4 and 12.6 DSE) with grazing Merino wethers. The oat variety is resistnnt to both Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) and Heterodem avenae (cereal cyst nematode), important root diseases of cereals. Four harvests were taken during early winter. The oat + grass + medic pasture type had a faster growth rate and maintained higher levels of available pasture on all sampling occasions (July to September). The yields of the grass and medic components were significantly reduced in the oat+grass+medic treatment from the second harvest onwards. …
Digitaria Milanjiana Ley Pasture For Banana Cropping In Tropical North Queensland, Australia,
2025
Queensland Department of Industries
Digitaria Milanjiana Ley Pasture For Banana Cropping In Tropical North Queensland, Australia, T J. Hall, G D. Walduck, R W. Walker
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) is a major economic pest of bananas in the wc;t tropics of Queensland. It is expensive to control, reduces banana yields and can reduce the economic life of a crop. Current pasture grasses cannot be used in leys because they are hosts to the nematode. Introduced pasture grasses (143 accessions) were evaluated for their environmental adaptation, burrowing nematode resistance, and weed control and erosion protection ability. Digitaria milanjiana CPI 59745 was the most successful accession and it was released as cultivar Jarra. Establishment methods for planting stolon material were developed.
Yields And Nitrogen Contents Of Maize Receiving Fertilizer Nitrogen Or After Alfalfa And Red Clover,
2025
University of Kentucky
Yields And Nitrogen Contents Of Maize Receiving Fertilizer Nitrogen Or After Alfalfa And Red Clover, M Collins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two experiments compared alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover(Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes for supplying N to an ensuing maize (Zea mays L.) crop. A non-fixing alfalfa genotype, which nodulates but fixes no N, served as a control crop. Nitrogen-fertilised maize received 0, 7S, ISO or 22S kg/ha of N annually as NH4NO3• Maize was seeded into I-year-old legume stands killed by N• (phosphono-methyl) glycine isopropylamine. Non-fixing alfalfa yielded 6 t/ha of forage in the first year compared with 9 t/ha or more for normal cultivars. Two-year mean maize grain yields after Dart alfalfa were 9.2 t/ha and …
Effects Of Short-Term Rotations Of Monocultures And Mixtures Of Legumes And Grasses With Rice In The Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China,
2025
Sichuan Agricultural University
Effects Of Short-Term Rotations Of Monocultures And Mixtures Of Legumes And Grasses With Rice In The Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y G. Yu, K Mao, X M. Gan, Z L. Pu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Five short-term rotation systems of monocultures and mixtures of legumes and grasses with rice, i.e., Medicago hispida ➔ rice, Trifolium repens cv. Ladino ➔ rice, Astragalus sinicus + lolium multiflorum ➔ rice, Medicago hispida + Lolium multiflorum ➔ rice and Trifolium repens cv. Ladino + Lolium multiflorium ➔ rice, were selected from 8 evaluated in this study in the subtropical zone of south-western China. The average results for these rotational types per year were: forage dry matter 3,63 tlha, forage crude protein 727 .5 kg/ha, metabolisable energy 22.lx!03 MJ/ha, in vitro organic matter digestibility of forages 72.84%, rice yield 7.4 …
Prospects For More Sustainable Cropping Systems In Central Italy Based On Subterranean Clover As A Cover Crop,
2025
Universita della Tuscia
Prospects For More Sustainable Cropping Systems In Central Italy Based On Subterranean Clover As A Cover Crop, F Caporali, E Campiglia, R Paolini
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A range of possibilities for increasing long-term sustainability of cropping systems in the mediterranean environment of central Italy is presented, supported by experimental evidence on the use of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) as living mulch and green manure in a common cash crop rotation (wheat-sunflower). The annual self-regenerating legume proved to have potential for inducing a significant shift towards a less energy-intensive management of such.a specialised cropping system, and also provided innovative and flexible patterns of crop sequences. Tillering capacity of wheat turned out to be a crucial element for sub clover living mulch to act successfully on …
Performance Of Ley Farming Systems Including Annual Legumes And Mixtures Of Legumes With Grasses At Cukurova In Turkey,
2025
Cukurova University
Performance Of Ley Farming Systems Including Annual Legumes And Mixtures Of Legumes With Grasses At Cukurova In Turkey, V Tansi, T Saglamtimur, H Baytekin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecological conditions in Cukurova are favourable for production of various crops, including cotton and wheat, so cotton monoculture or cotton-wheat rotation systems have been common for many years. These monoculture systems have brought some soil and pest problems into .Cukurova. To improve the livestock production, intensive dairy units were established, However, half of these were later liquidated since the livestock husbandry was unprofitable, compared with cash cropping. The most limiting factor was the high purchase cost of fodder. Ley fanning is an alternative system in which crops are alternated on the same land to obtain fodder without reducing yields of …
Effect Of Tillage On Regeneration Of Annual Pasture Legumes In Cereal-Livestock Farming Systems,
2025
University of Adelaide
Effect Of Tillage On Regeneration Of Annual Pasture Legumes In Cereal-Livestock Farming Systems, E D. Carter, P G. Fulwood
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The self-regenerating annual pasture legumes, mainly Medicago spp. (medics) and Trifolium spp, (clovers), are important components of annual pastures on millions of ha in the mediterranean climatic zones of the world. We have shown that tillage practices for cereals and other crops have a severe effect by reducing legume density and productivity after a cropping sequence. Deep-burial of pasture legume seed by disc ploughing and mouldboard ploughing is most detrimental, as a high percentage of seed is buried too deeply to allow emergence, while normal scarifying at 6-8 cm causes little loss of potential legume seed germination and seedling emergence. …
Predicting The Emergence Of Annual Pasture Legumes In Cereal-Livestock Farming Systems Of South Australia,
2025
University of Adelaide
Predicting The Emergence Of Annual Pasture Legumes In Cereal-Livestock Farming Systems Of South Australia, E D. Carter, P G. Oorter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Annual pasture legumes (mainly Medicago spp. and Trifolium spp.) are the basis of sustainable farming systems in the cereal-livestock distcicts of South Australia. However, several factors in the cropping and pasture phases deplete legume seed reserves. While total legume seed reserves measured during summer and autumn after a cropping sequence are a useful guide to legume regeneration, the readily germinable seed (i.e., soft seed) is a much beUer guide. We have developed a simple but accurate method of predicting natural regeneration of legume pastures based on the controlled watering of representative sites on stubble paddocks during the summer-autumn period as …
Potential Suitability Of Spontaneously Reseeing Stylosanthes Spp. For Ley Farming In The Central Chaco Of Paraguay,
2025
Estacion Experimental Chaco Central
Potential Suitability Of Spontaneously Reseeing Stylosanthes Spp. For Ley Farming In The Central Chaco Of Paraguay, A Glatzle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Continuously cropped regosols in the semi-arid Central Chaco are deficient in organic matter and prone to wind erosion. Ley-farming with self-regenerating legumes may be a sustainable alternative land use. In a 2-year field trial Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano (V) and a 1: 2 mixture of S. humllis cv. Paterson and S. guianeuis var. intermedia cv. Oxley (P+O) were tested for their: preceding crop values to silage sorghum (S) as compared with continuously cropped S; and potential to recover spontaneously after a reduced tillage intermediate crop of S with weed control (we) or with the voluntary style underseed allowed to grow …
Potential Of Crotalaria Ochroleuca (Marejea) In Traditional Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Tanzania,
2025
Sokoine University of Agriculture
Potential Of Crotalaria Ochroleuca (Marejea) In Traditional Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Tanzania, S V. Sarwatt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In experiments to study the role of Crolalaria ochrroleuca (marejea) in traditional farming systems, the plant was used in the following way: (l) broadcast alone at a rate of 10 kg/ha of seed to determine dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value and kg N/ha it can fix at different stages of growth, i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, IO, 12, 14 and 16 weeks. (2) sown under after 3 weeks on alternate ridges with maize and maize alone as control. (3) the leaves at 10 weeks were harvested and supplemented to young sheep grazing 8 h/day. 12 male sheep …
Effect Of Gliricidia Provenances On The Yield Of Soybean And Cassava In An Alley-Cropping System,
2025
Udayana University
Effect Of Gliricidia Provenances On The Yield Of Soybean And Cassava In An Alley-Cropping System, I M. Nitis, W Puger, M Suarna, W Sukanten, K Lana
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An alley-cropping experiment was carried out for 3 years in a dry land farming area in Bali to study the effect of Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) on soybean and cassava yields. Sixteen provenances of gliricidia were compared, in a completely randomised block design with 6 blocks and 12 plants/provenance. Six of the provenances originated from Mexico (M), 4 from Guatemala (G), I each from Costa Rica (R), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Colombia (C), Venezuela (V) and Indonesia (I). Plant spacings were 0.5 m within the alley, with 4 m between alleys. Soybean seeds and cassava sticks were planted between the alley …
Role Of Ley Farming In Crop Rotations In The Tropics,
2025
ILCA
Role Of Ley Farming In Crop Rotations In The Tropics, M A. Mohamed Saleem, M J. Fisher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Is there a role for ley farming in the agricultural changes desired across the tropics? Hopes were high after the identification of suitable traits for leys in tropical legumes, Despite agroclimatic-suitability similarities for a wide range of tropical crops and forages, socioeconomic conditions vary across the tropics. Increasing debt problems and low prices for agricultural commodities constrain many countries, particularly in tropical Africa, to achieve the needed agricultural growth rates at the current levels of inputs and subsistence land-use practices, Tropical agriculture's inability to meet the growing demand for food is further compounded by declining land productivity and rapid population …
Is Ley Farming In Mediterranean Zones Just A Passing Phase?,
2025
University of Adelaide
Is Ley Farming In Mediterranean Zones Just A Passing Phase?, T G. Reeves, M A. Ewing
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ley farming in southern Australia has changed dramatically in the past decade or so. The present version is a more flexible, adaptive one that includes crop legumes, nitrogen fertiliser, direct drilling, and stubble retention. This has resulted in much longer phases of cropping between pasture periods, causing some to designate the new system as "phase farming". Su.ch changes are critical not only in Australia, but also elsewhere, when considering the development and adoption of ley farming in mediterranean-type regions. While the effects of traditional Icy-farming on soil fertility and crop, pasture and livestock production have been well established, there is …
Sesbania Sesban: A Promising Forage Legume In Semi-Arid Central Tanzania,
2025
LPRI
Sesbania Sesban: A Promising Forage Legume In Semi-Arid Central Tanzania, D N. Msariri, M L. Kusekwa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seventy-four accessions of Sesbania sesban were evaluated alongside 7 of S. goetzel for forage production at Mpwapwa, In Tanzania. The former was promising while the latter was generally unsuccessful. For S. sesban, germination of scarified inoculated seed in nursery was 34%. Survival of the seedlings was 96% at transplanting at 8 weeks. Growth in the field, measured in terms of mean incremental height, was 2.9 m at l year of establishment. On average, 50% of the plants flowered and formed pods at 158 and 190 days, respectively. Seed yield averaged 348 g per plant, while forage yield averaged 4.5 t …
Increasing The Germination Of Seed Of Fine-Stem Stylo (Stylosanthes Guianesis Var. Intermedia) Using A Heated, Rotating Cylinder,
2025
Queensland Department of Primary Industries
Increasing The Germination Of Seed Of Fine-Stem Stylo (Stylosanthes Guianesis Var. Intermedia) Using A Heated, Rotating Cylinder, Colin J. Paton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Scarifying pasture legume seed to reduce hard seed content can improve pasture establishment. A heated, rotating cylinder suitable for treating large quantities of seed was used to test the effect of a range of heat doses (measured in cumulative degree-seconds of treatment above 90°C and expressed as degsecs>90°C) on seed of fine-stem stylo (Stylosanthes gulianensis var. lmermedla), Heat doses ranged from O to 1500 degsecs>90°C, A heat dose of 450 degsecs>90°C, achieved by heating seed at 120°C for 15 seconds in the cylinder, gave the highest germination without increasing the proportion of dead seed. This treatment …
Development Of New Stylosanthes Cultivar For Australia From Naturally Occurring Genotypes,
2025
CSIRO
Development Of New Stylosanthes Cultivar For Australia From Naturally Occurring Genotypes, L A. Edye, T J. Hall
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The productivity and persistence of Stylosamhes hamata cvs, Verano and Amiga and S. scabra cv. Seca were compared in small swards in 20 dry tropical environments over periods of 2-4 years, For consistently high production Verano and Amiga appear to require tropical environments with >760 mm average annual rainfall even though they survive in regions with 500 mm. Seca is much more widely adapted than S. hamata, being highly productive and drought resistant in tropical and subtropical environments, but will not survive lieavy frosts. The opportunities for further plant improvement through selection within these species is described. However, the most …
Pasture Legumes In Cuba: Past, Present, And Future,
2025
MINAG
Pasture Legumes In Cuba: Past, Present, And Future, F Funes, Marta Monzote
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Before 1960 the utilisation of pasture legumes was scarce. During the decade 1960-1970 more than 10 thousand hectares of Medicago sativa. Neonolonia wightii, Cajanus cajan and Pueraria phaseoloides were sown, but interest decreased later. In the mid 1970s, research was reorganised and since 1980 results were attained showing outstanding performance of the species: N. wightii (10 t DM/ho/ year), ·Teramnus labialis (11.5 t), Lencaena leucocephala (12 I), Medicago sativa (12,5 t), Pueraria phaseoloides (14 t), Stylosanthes guianensis (IS I) and others. Results on ecological adaption, sowing, establishment, rhizobiology, seed production, pest and diseases and other agronomic aspects are …
