Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Evaluating Trophic Rewilding As A Conservation Technique, Aaron Sieve

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

The focus for this paper is to define specifically trophic rewilding, determine its efficacy as a conservation technique, and explore ways to lessen one of its key limitations. Trophic rewilding is the conservation technique whereby an extirpated keystone species or ecosystem engineer is reintroduced into a degraded habitat to restore ecological function by triggering trophic cascades. The technique is evaluated through analysis of the concepts of trophic cascades and ecosystem engineers. Key limitations of trophic rewilding are that a lack of population control in reintroduced may cause issues, that many times not enough is known about trophic cascades to be …

4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol Acute Toxicity To Daphnia And Its Effects On General Esterase And Glutathione S-Transferase Activity In Fathead Minnows, Rachel Clark, Jared Lewis, Jeehoon Jung, Benjamin Thornton

Research in Biology

In 2014, 10,000 gallons of crude MCHM spilled into the Elk River in West Virginia. Due to a paucity of information about the toxicity of this chemical prior to the spill, our research aimed to verify the published 48-h EC₅₀ for Daphnia magna (Daphnia) examine the effects of MCHM on two enzyme detoxification systems, general esterase and glutathione S-transferase, in Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow). We used pure MCHM instead of the crude form used in Eastman’s toxicity tests because the composition of crude MCHM is variable. The EC₅₀ we obtained for pure MCHM did not differ significantly from …

Exploring Policy Options To Combat Illegal Micro-Apartments In Hong Kong, Yung Yau, Daniel Chi Wing Ho

Faculty of Design & Environment (THEi)

Illegal building can take multiple forms, including squatter settlements and illegal building extensions. Among the various forms of illegal building, illegal microapartments (IMAs), which take the form of unauthorised subdivided housing units, have recently aroused wide public concern in Hong Kong. On account of their unlawful nature, IMAs pose serious threats to the safety of local communities by undermining structural stability and fire safety in buildings. They may also adversely affect natural lighting and ventilation for building occupants. Fatal fires in buildings with IMAs in recent years have demonstrated the painful consequence of ignoring this issue in the city. Nonetheless, …

Usage Of Extracellular Microvesicles As Novel And Promising Therapeutic Tool In Wound Healing, Sami Gamaleddin F. Alsabri

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Introduction Extracellular Microvesicles (EMVs) can carry genetic messages and biologically active proteins throughout tissues and the body. Because of their transport capabilities, EMVs play an important role both diseased and healthy conditions. For example, EMVs play an important regenerative role in many damaged tissues. In the current studies, we examine the role of EMVs in epithelial wound healing. The potential use of EMVs as drug delivery vehicles has gained considerable scientific interest because they can be delivered in circulation, can be targeted to specific areas/cells, and can pass natural barriers. In the current work, we investigate the potential of EMVs …

Steroids: A Growing Dilemma In Athletics, Seara Ontiveros

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

A comprehensive and straight forward description of what exactly steroids are and what they do to the body is described by Gary Wadler, a health major at the New York University School of Medicine, he comments: “When the receptor sites in their bodies, which don’t have much testosterone in them, suddenly are presented with a lot of testosterone, they get activated…The unbalance of hormones increases the red blood cell formations... They’ll get more muscular, more defined. They’ll lose some fat, and increase their lean body mass, [they’ll] get stronger”. Although anabolic steroids and other hormones are consumed by many athletes …

Transfer Of Antibiotics From Wastewater Or Animal Manure To Soil Andedible Crops., Livia Min Pan, L.M. Chu

Faculty of Design & Environment (THEi)

Antibiotics are added to agricultural fields worldwide through wastewater irrigation or manure application, resulting in antibiotic contamination and elevated environmental risks to terrestrial environments and humans. Most studies focused on antibiotic detection in different matrices or were conducted in a hydroponic environment. Little is known about the transfer of antibiotics from antibiotic-contaminated irrigation wastewater and animal manure to agricultural soil and edible crops. In this study, we evaluated the transfer of five different antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfamethazine, norfloxacin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol) to different crops under two levels of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater irrigation and animal manure fertilization. The final distribution of tetracycline (TC), …

Uncorrelated Neural Firing In Mouse Visual Cortex During Spontaneous Retinal Waves, Matthew Colonnese, Jing Shen, Yasunobu Murata

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Synchronous firing among the elements of forming circuits is critical for stabilization of synapses. Understanding the nature of these local network interactions during development can inform models of circuit formation. Within cortex, spontaneous activity changes throughout development. Unlike the adult, early spontaneous activity occurs in discontinuous population bursts separated by long silent periods, suggesting a high degree of local synchrony. However, whether the micro-patterning of activity within early bursts is unique to this early age and specifically tuned for early development is poorly understood, particularly within the column. To study this we used single-shank multi-electrode array recordings of spontaneous activity …

Evaluation Of Childhood Exposure To Lead In Community Water Systems In Maine, Nicholas Flavin

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The concentration of lead in Maine’s public drinking water was evaluated from 4,700 first-draw water samples collected from 358 Maine Community Water systems. Samples collected from 2012-2015 were obtained by request from the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (MeCDC)’s Drinking Water Program.

Exposure and physiological uptake of lead can be mathematically modelled or predicted based on the amount of lead in “background” sources of contaminated media such as soil, dust, water, air or dietary items; the better the characterization of lead in these media, the better the exposure predictions. To assess childhood lead exposure, EPA recommends using the …

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Synthesized As Adsorbents For Ergot Alkaloids: Characterization And In Vitro And Ex Vivo Assessment Of Effects On Ergot Alkaloid Bioavailability, Manoj B. Kudupoje

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Alkaloid toxicities negatively impact livestock health and production and are of serious economic concern to animal industries. To date, few strategies have been developed to evaluate alkaloid levels in feed or to counteract alkaloid toxicities. The present research evaluated the applicability of imprinting technology to synthesize polymers that have potential to interact with ergot alkaloids and therefore reduce their bioavailability in the GIT. The studies also evaluated applicability of synthesized polymers for use in the ruminal environment using an in vitro ruminal fermentation model, and for the ability to ameliorate vasoconstriction using ex vivo myographic evaluations.

In the first experiment, …

Virtual Screening For Novel 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase Inhibitors: A Shape-Based Search Approach, Prasan Tangyuenyongwatana, Wandee Gritsanapan

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A virtual screening study with ArgusLab 4.0.1 was performed on 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), the second enzyme in the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway in isoprenoids production which is present in malarial parasite Plasmodium .

Chemical Compositions And Repellent Activity Of Eucalyptus Tereticornis And Eucalyptus Deglupta Essential Oils Against Culex Quinquefasciatus Mosquito, Rini Pujiarti, Rini Pujiarti

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Eucalyptus oils have distinctive smell that not preferably by mosquito and able to repellent mosquito. This research was evaluated chemical compositions and repellent activity of Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus deglupta oils against C. quinquefasc.

Time-Kill Study Of The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Tedizolid Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Tanawat Nunart, Tanitta Chatsuwan, Wanchai Treyaprasert

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tedizolid against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by time-kill curve experiments. Four bacterial strains were used in methicillin susceptibility tests, including M.

Effects Of Family Pharmacy Intervention On Clinical Outcomes In Primary Care Settings In Thailand, Wiwat Thavornwattanayong, Namfon Sribundit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background Despite pharmaceutical care had positive effect on improving patient health, currently data fact sheet illustrate slightly increasing of uncontrolled diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension among Thai elderly. Family pharmacist applied more ef..

Vanillin Increases Stem Cell Signal And Cell Adhesion In Keratinocytes, Supak Taboonpong, Chayanin Kiratipaiboon, Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan, Premjit Junthongjin, Pornlert Trithossadech, Pithi Chanvorachote

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Keratinocyte stem cells residing in the basal layer of the epidermis are thought to function in the process of the epidermis renewal and maintain the barrier property of the skin. This study has explored for the first time that vanillin, a natural compou.

Effect Of Different Production Variables On The Physical Properties Of Pellets Prepared By Extrusion-Spheronization Using A Multivariate Analysis, John Rojas

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The spheronization process has been widely used in recent years in multiparticulate oral formulations because it is a simple and rapid technology. It offers advantages over other dosage forms such as tablets due to the more uniform and predictable transp.

Docking, Synthesis, And Cytotoxic Activity Of N-4-Methoxybenzoyl-N’-(4-Fluorophenyl)Thiourea On Hela Cell Line, Anindi Lupita Nasyanka

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Tiourea derivatives such as phenylthiourea, benzoyltiourea, tenovin, and many more have been reported as anticancer agent. In this study, we have done some initial step (docking, synthesis, and cytotoxic assay) to develop one of thiourea derivatives, N-4.

Enhancement Of Solubility And Dissolution Rate Of Quercetin With Solid Dispersion System Formation Using Hpmc Matrix, Dwi Setyawan

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Purpose : The aim of the present study was to obtain raw quercetin materials using solid dispersion system with better solubility and dissolution rate than pure quercetin. Methods: The solid dispersion of Quercetin-HPMC was prepared by solvent method. Su.

Gold Nanoparticle-Colocasia Gigantean Conjugates For Enhancing Cytotoxic Effect Against A375 Melanoma Cell Line, Amornpun Sereemaspun

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Herbs are a prototype of traditional medicine for primary health care. Their knowledge is the basis of many modern medicinal discoveries. With the new invention of nanomaterials for biomedical applications, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proven to .

Determination Of Ethionamide In Pharmaceutical By Spectrophotometry Via Oxidation Reaction With Potassium Iodate, Nagib A.S. Qarah, Kanakapura Basavaiah

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Two new spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of ethionamide (ETM) in pure and tablet forms. Method A is based on the oxidation of ETM by KIO3 in H2SO4 medium, and the in situ generated iodine is extracted into chloroform and mea.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Antidesma Bunius Extracts On Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Panicha Pongnaratorn, Prakasit Kuacharan, Vayura Kotsuno, Naruwat Pakdee, Pranee Sriraj, Jintana Sattayasai

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

High antioxidant content of Antidesma bunius may lead to many beneficial pharmaceutical properties such as an anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and somatic cell decelerations, as well as cancer prevention. This study aimed at quantifying total phenolic c.