Fish Community Assessment Of The Bonyic And Teribe Rivers Within The Naso-Teribe Territory Bocas Del Toro, Panama: Possible Implications Of Bonyic Dam.,
2017
SIT Study Abroad
Fish Community Assessment Of The Bonyic And Teribe Rivers Within The Naso-Teribe Territory Bocas Del Toro, Panama: Possible Implications Of Bonyic Dam., Shaylyn Austin
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
In the Changuinola/Teribe watershed of Bocas Del Toro, Panama, changes to the fluvial system due to the recently constructed Bonyic Dam have implications connected to the biodiversity of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and the livelihoods of thousands of people of the Naso-Teribe indigenous group. This study investigated the composition of fish communities in 6 study sites in 3 different areas in relation to the Bonyic Dam. A total of 318 individual fish were captured, representing 5 families and 10 species, using the cast net sampling method. The biodiversity was analyzed using Simpson’s Diversity Index, Evenness Index, species richness, and species …
Enzyme-Dependent Fluorescence Recovery Of Nadh After Photobleaching To Assess Dehydrogenase Activity Of Isolated Perfused Hearts.,
2017
George Washington University
Enzyme-Dependent Fluorescence Recovery Of Nadh After Photobleaching To Assess Dehydrogenase Activity Of Isolated Perfused Hearts., Angel Moreno, Sarah Kuzmiak-Glancy, Rafael Jaimes, Matthew W Kay
Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications
Reduction of NAD(+) by dehydrogenase enzymes to form NADH is a key component of cellular metabolism. In cellular preparations and isolated mitochondria suspensions, enzyme-dependent fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (ED-FRAP) of NADH has been shown to be an effective approach for measuring the rate of NADH production to assess dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Our objective was to demonstrate how dehydrogenase activity could be assessed within the myocardium of perfused hearts using NADH ED-FRAP. This was accomplished using a combination of high intensity UV pulses to photobleach epicardial NADH. Replenishment of epicardial NADH fluorescence was then imaged using low intensity UV illumination. NADH …
Proteome Dynamics During Postnatal Mouse Corpus Callosum Development.,
2017
George Washington University
Proteome Dynamics During Postnatal Mouse Corpus Callosum Development., Alexander I Son, Xiaoqin Fu, Fumikazu Suto, Judy S Liu, Kazue Hashimoto-Torii, Masaaki Torii
Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications
Formation of cortical connections requires the precise coordination of numerous discrete phases. This is particularly significant with regard to the corpus callosum, whose development undergoes several dynamic stages including the crossing of axon projections, elimination of exuberant projections, and myelination of established tracts. To comprehensively characterize the molecular events in this dynamic process, we set to determine the distinct temporal expression of proteins regulating the formation of the corpus callosum and their respective developmental functions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling was performed on early postnatal mouse corpus callosi, for which limited evidence has been obtained previously, using stable isotope of labeled …
Role Of Cytokines And Chemokines In Alcohol-Induced Tumor Promotion,
2017
Anhui Medical University, China
Role Of Cytokines And Chemokines In Alcohol-Induced Tumor Promotion, Danlei Chen, Fengyun Zhang, Haifeng Ren, Jia Luo, Siying Wang
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Excessive chronic alcohol consumption has become a worldwide health problem. The oncogenic effect of chronic alcohol consumption is one of the leading concerns. The mechanisms of alcohol-induced tumorigenesis and tumor progression are largely unknown, although many factors have been implicated in the process. This review discusses the recent progress in this research area with concentration on alcohol-induced dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Based on the available evidence, we propose that alcohol promotes tumor progression by the dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine system. In addition, we discuss specific transcription factors and signaling pathways that are involved in the action of these cytokines/chemokines …
A Role Of Central Nell2 In The Regulation Of Feeding Behavior In Rats.,
2017
George Washington University
A Role Of Central Nell2 In The Regulation Of Feeding Behavior In Rats., Jin Kwon Jeong, Jae Geun Kim, Han Rae Kim, Tae Hwan Lee, Jeong Woo Park, Byung Ju Lee
Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications
A brain-enriched secreting signal peptide, NELL2, has been suggested to play multiple roles in the development, survival, and activity of neurons in mammal. We investigated here a possible involvement of central NELL2 in regulating feeding behavior and metabolism. In situ hybridization and an immunohistochemical approach were used to determine expression of NELL2 as well as its colocalization with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat hypothalamus. To investigate the effect of NELL2 on feeding behavior, 2 nmole of antisense NELL2 oligodeoxynucleotide was administered into the lateral ventricle of adult male rat brains for 6 consecutive days, and changes …
Mammary Epithelial Polarity And Macrophage Infiltration,
2017
University of Kentucky
Mammary Epithelial Polarity And Macrophage Infiltration, Ren Xu
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Loss of epithelial cell polarity and inflammation are hallmarks of breast cancer development. Although the association between the disruption of tissue polarity and inflammation has been demonstrated, we know little about how these two events are coupled. Using the 3D co-culture model of mammary epithelial cells and monocytes, a recent study reveals a link between disruption of epithelial polarity and monocytes infiltration.
Pulmonary Surfactant Fortified With Cath-2 As A Novel Therapy For Bacterial Pneumonia,
2017
University of Western Ontario
Pulmonary Surfactant Fortified With Cath-2 As A Novel Therapy For Bacterial Pneumonia, Brandon J. Baer
Western Research Forum
Background: Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with high mortality rates persisting even after antibiotic treatment. Current treatments for pneumonia involve administration of antibiotics, however after the bacteria are killed they release toxic substances that induce inflammation and lung dysfunction. Host defense peptides represent a potential solution to this problem through their ability to down regulate inflammation. However, effective delivery to the lung is difficult because of the complex branching structure of the airways. My study addresses this delivery problem by using exogenous surfactant, a pulmonary delivery vehicle capable of improving spreading of these peptides throughout the …
Chemogenetic Stimulation Of The Hypoglossal Neurons Improves Upper Airway Patency,
2017
George Washington University
Chemogenetic Stimulation Of The Hypoglossal Neurons Improves Upper Airway Patency, Thomas Curado, Kenneth Fishbein, Huy Pho, Michael Brennick, Olga Dergacheva, David Mendelowitz, +Several Additional Authors
Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSA leads to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of OSA has been linked to a defect in neuromuscular control of the pharynx. There is no effective pharmacotherapy for OSA. The objective of this study was to determine whether upper airway patency can be improved using chemogenetic approach by deploying designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) in the hypoglossal motorneurons. DREADD (rAAV5-hSyn-hM3(Gq)-mCherry) and control virus (rAAV5-hSyn-EGFP) were stereotactically administered to the hypoglossal nucleus of C57BL/6J mice. In 6–8 weeks genioglossus EMG and dynamic MRI …
Oxidative Stress-Driven Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairment As A Common Mechanism In Models Of Schizophrenia,
2017
George Washington University
Oxidative Stress-Driven Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairment As A Common Mechanism In Models Of Schizophrenia, P Steullet, J Cabungcal, J Coyle, M Didriksen, K Gill, Anthony-Samuel Lamantia, +Several Additional Authors
Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications
Parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PVIs) are crucial for maintaining proper excitatory/inhibitory balance and high-frequency neuronal synchronization. Their activity supports critical developmental trajectories, sensory and cognitive processing, and social behavior. Despite heterogeneity in the etiology across schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, PVI circuits are altered in these psychiatric disorders. Identifying mechanism(s) underlying PVI deficits is essential to establish treatments targeting in particular cognition. On the basis of published and new data, we propose oxidative stress as a common pathological mechanism leading to PVI impairment in schizophrenia and some forms of autism. A series of animal models carrying genetic and/or environmental risks relevant …
An Open-Sourced Statistical Application For Identifying Complex Toxicological Interactions Of Environmental Pollutants,
2017
University of Kentucky
An Open-Sourced Statistical Application For Identifying Complex Toxicological Interactions Of Environmental Pollutants, Jordan T. Perkins, Michael C. Petriello, Li Xu, Arnold J. Stromberg, Bernhard Hennig
Superfund Research Center Faculty Publications
The rising number of chemicals that humans are exposed to on a daily basis, as well as advances in biomonitoring and detection technologies have highlighted the diversity of individual exposure profiles (complex body burdens). To address this, the toxicological sciences have begun to shift away from examining toxic agents or stressors individually to focusing on more complex models with multiple agents or stressors present. Literature on interactions between chemicals is fairly limited in comparison with dose-response studies on individual toxicants, which is largely due to experimental and statistical challenges. Experimental designs capable of identifying these complex interactions are often avoided …
Mechanisms Of Thymic Toxicity Induced By Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Of Arsenic,
2017
University of New Mexico
Mechanisms Of Thymic Toxicity Induced By Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Of Arsenic, Huan Xu
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is known to cause immunotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of arsenic induced immunotoxicity are still not clear. Arsenite (As+3), the trivalent inorganic form of arsenic, was found to increase DNA damage and inhibit PARP activity in thymus cells at 50 nM in vitro. Oxidative stress and double strand breaks (DSBs) formation occurred in thymus cells exposed to As+3 at 500 nM. The genotoxicity was found to be related to As+3 exporter expressions and reversed by zinc supplement. IL-7 signaling, the critical cytokine signal for the early DN thymic T cell proliferation, …
Characterization Of Pit Latrines To Support The Design And Selection Of Emptying Tools In Peri-Urban Mzuzu, Malawi.,
2017
Mzuzu University
Characterization Of Pit Latrines To Support The Design And Selection Of Emptying Tools In Peri-Urban Mzuzu, Malawi., Rashid Chiposa, Rochelle H. Holm, Chimuleke Munthali, Russel C.G. Chidya, Francis L. De Los Reyes
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
The urban areas of many low-income countries must balance a rising demand for pit latrines for household sanitation provision against limitations in space, resulting in a need for pit latrine emptying services. This study was undertaken in the peri-urban neighborhood of Area 1B in the city of Mzuzu, Malawi, to examine the characteristics of household pit latrines for designing and selecting pit latrine emptying tools. We used 150 structured household surveys and field observations. From this, a subset was selected and 30 manual cone penetrometer tests were conducted at full latrines. Chemical oxygen demand analysis was also performed for 14 …
Epigenomic Reprogramming In Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Gene Expression Patterns During Carcinogenesis,
2017
University of Kentucky
Epigenomic Reprogramming In Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Gene Expression Patterns During Carcinogenesis, Meredith Eckstein, Rebekah Eleazer, Matthew Rea, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid that is not mutagenic but is carcinogenic. The mechanism(s) by which arsenic causes cancer remain unknown. To date, several mechanisms have been proposed, including the arsenic-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is also becoming evident that inorganic arsenic (iAs) may exert its carcinogenic effects by changing the epigenome, and thereby modifying chromatin structure and dynamics. These epigenetic changes alter the accessibility of gene regulatory factors to DNA, resulting in specific changes in gene expression both at the levels of transcription initiation and gene splicing. In this review, we discuss recent literature reports …
Effect Of Cigarette Smoke Exposure And Mutant Kras Overexpression On Pancreatic Cell Proliferation,
2017
University of Kentucky
Effect Of Cigarette Smoke Exposure And Mutant Kras Overexpression On Pancreatic Cell Proliferation, Howard P. Glauert, R. Scott Elliott, Sung Gu Han, Mark Athey, Eun Young Lee, C. Gary Gairola
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality. The major risk factor for pancreatic cancer is cigarette smoking. Kras mutations are commonly observed in human pancreatic cancers. The present study examined the hypothesis that exposure to cigarette smoke and overexpression of a mutant Kras gene in the pancreas affects pancreatic cell proliferation in mice. Mice overexpressing the mutant Kras gene (KRasG12D) in the pancreas as well as wild‑type mice were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke for 2 weeks. Overexpression of mutant Kras increased cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal, acinar and islet cells. Notably, cigarette smoke exposure …
Developmental Origins Of Cardiovascular Disease: Impact Of Early Life Stress In Humans And Rodents,
2017
University of Kentucky
Developmental Origins Of Cardiovascular Disease: Impact Of Early Life Stress In Humans And Rodents, Margaret O. Murphy, Dianne M. Cohn, Analia S. Loria
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesizes that environmental insults during childhood programs the individual to develop chronic disease in adulthood. Emerging epidemiological data strongly supports that early life stress (ELS) given by the exposure to adverse childhood experiences is regarded as an independent risk factor capable of predicting future risk of cardiovascular disease. Experimental animal models utilizing chronic behavioral stress during postnatal life, specifically maternal separation (MatSep) provides a suitable tool to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which ELS increases the risk to develop cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this review is to highlight current epidemiological …
Students Can Be Important Link Between Academia And Practice,
2017
Eastern Kentucky University
Students Can Be Important Link Between Academia And Practice, Jason W. Marion, Charles D. Treser
EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Editor’s Note: In an effort to promote the growth of the environmental health profession and the academic programs that fuel that growth, NEHA has teamed up with the Association of Environmental Health Academic Programs (AEHAP) to publish two columns a year in the Journal. AEHAP’s mission is to support environmental health education to ensure the optimal health of people and the environment. The organization works hand in hand with the National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation Council (EHAC) to accredit, market, and promote EHAC-accredited environmental health degree programs. AEHAP focuses on increasing the environmental health workforce, supporting students and …
Effect Of Systemic Antioxidant Allopurinol Therapy On Skin Flap Survival,
2017
New York Medical College
Effect Of Systemic Antioxidant Allopurinol Therapy On Skin Flap Survival, M Ardakani, Kaveh Alizadeh, A Moghadam
NYMC Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Identification And Characterization Of Microrna Differentially Expressed In Macrophages Exposed To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection,
2017
New York Medical College
Identification And Characterization Of Microrna Differentially Expressed In Macrophages Exposed To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection, Olivier Huck, J Al-Hashemi, L Poidevin, O Poch, J Davideau, H Tenenbaum, Salomon Amar
NYMC Faculty Publications
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of several processes associated with inflammatory diseases and infection. Bacterial infection modulates miRNA expression to subvert any innate immune response. In this study we analyzed, using microarray analysis, the bacterial modulation of miRNAs in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in which activity was induced by infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis The expression of several miRNAs was modulated 3 h postinfection (at a multiplicity of infection of 25). A bioinformatic analysis was performed to further identify pathways related to the innate immune host response under the influence of selected miRNAs. To assess the …
Neurotensin Nts1 And Nts2 Receptor Agonists Produce Anxiolytic-Like Effects In The 22-Khz Ultrasonic Vocalization Model In Rats,
2017
Virginia Commonwealth University
Neurotensin Nts1 And Nts2 Receptor Agonists Produce Anxiolytic-Like Effects In The 22-Khz Ultrasonic Vocalization Model In Rats, Floyd F. Steele Iii, Shannon C. Whitehouse, Jacob S. Aday, Adam J. Prus
Journal Articles
Neurotensin is a neuropeptide neurotransmitter that interacts with multiple neurotransmitter systems, including those regulating amygdalar function, via NTS1 and NTS2 receptors. Both receptors are expressed in the amygdala and agonists for NTS1 or NTS2 receptors have exhibited anxiolytic effects in animal models. Systemic adminstration of NTS1 receptor agonist PD149163 was recently shown to reduce footshock conditioned 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats, suggesting that PD149163 produced an anxiolytic effect. The effects that neurotensin may have or a selective NTS2receptor agonist may have on 22-kHz vocalizations has yet to be examined. The current study evaluated …
Trash Removal Methods For Improved Mechanical Emptying Of Pit Latrines Using A Screw Auger.,
2017
NC State University
Trash Removal Methods For Improved Mechanical Emptying Of Pit Latrines Using A Screw Auger., Tracey Sisco, Tate Rogers, Walt Beckwith, Willy Chipeta, Rochelle Holm, Christopher A. Buckley, Francis L. De Los Reyes
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Trash in pit latrines is one of the largest challenges facing pit emptying technologies, including the powered auger (the Excrevator), developed for improved emptying in lower- and lower-middle income countries. This study focused on two trash removal methods in conjunction with pit emptying by the Excrevator: (1) simultaneous removal of trash with sludge and (2) manual trash removal prior to sludge removal. Simultaneous removal was tested by adding to the inlet of the Excrevator system two cutting heads designed to reduce the size of trash particles before entering the pipe and auger. Laboratory testing indicated that the auger will not …
