Effect Of Shaking Process On Correlations Between Catechins And Volatiles In Oolong Tea,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Shaking Process On Correlations Between Catechins And Volatiles In Oolong Tea, S.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Lo, I.-Z. Chen, P.-A. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Shaking the tea leaves is the key manipulation to making oolong tea. It contributes to the formation of flavor and fragrance in oolong tea. The dynamic variations of catechins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the shaking process were investigated. The results showed that the contents of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) first decreased after the shaking and then increased to the initial value before the next shaking. Geraniol, linalool and its oxides, and phenylethyl alcohol showed similar variations. The contents of trans-β-ocimene, 1H-indole, and 3-hexenyl hexanoate increased after the second or third shaking (the late …
Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Allium Chinense Bulbs,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Allium Chinense Bulbs, Y.-P. Lin, L.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Yeh, C.-H. Chuang, S.-W. Tseng, Y.-H. Yen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Allium chinense is a medicinal plant and nutritional food commonly used in Eastern Asia. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging of α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, total phenol content, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity) and constituents of various extracts from A. chinense. Moreover, we also studied the in vivo hypolipidemic effects of extracts on high-fat-diet Wistar rats. Ethanol extracts from A. chinense showed notable antioxidant activity, and its high-dose essential-oil extract both significantly reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels in high-fat-diet Wistar rats compared with …
Determination Of Naturally Occurring Estrogenic Hormones In Cow's And River Buffalo's Meat By Hplc-Fld Method,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Naturally Occurring Estrogenic Hormones In Cow's And River Buffalo's Meat By Hplc-Fld Method, Y. Shahbazi, H. Malekinejad, H. Tajik
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study was performed to measure and compare the levels of steroid hormones [estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3)] and their conjugated metabolites in cow's and river buffalo's meat in two distinct follicular and luteal phases. Moreover, the possible effect of a heating process on steroid hormone concentration was also investigated. The collected meat (biceps femoris muscle) samples were subjected to liquid extraction, enzymatical deconjugation, and C18 solid-phase extraction. Estrogens were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. In the follicular phase the levels of steroid hormones (E1 and E2) in either tested species were …
Rapid Determination Of Trace Level Copper In Tea Infusion Samples By Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Rapid Determination Of Trace Level Copper In Tea Infusion Samples By Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode, A. Birinci, H. Eren, F. Coldur, E. Coskun, M. Andac
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new solid contact copper selective electrode with a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane consisting of o-xylylenebis(N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate) as ionophore has been prepared. The main novelties of constructed ion selective electrode concept are the enhanced robustness, cheapness, and fastness due to the use of solid contacts. The electrode exhibits a rapid (< 10 seconds) and near-Nernstian response to Cu2+ activity from 10−1 to 10−6 mol/L at the pH range of 4.0–6.0. No serious interference from common ions was found. The electrode characterizes by high potential stability, reproducibility, and full repeatability. The electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Cu(II) ions with EDTA and for the direct assay of tea infusion samples by means of the calibration graph technique. The results compared favorably with those obtained by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). © 2016
Thymol Reduces Oxidative Stress, Aortic Intimal Thickening, And Inflammation-Related Gene Expression In Hyperlipidemic Rabbits,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Thymol Reduces Oxidative Stress, Aortic Intimal Thickening, And Inflammation-Related Gene Expression In Hyperlipidemic Rabbits, Y.-M. Yu, T.-Y. Chao, W.-C. Chang, M.J. Chang, M.-F. Lee
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and is often associated with oxidative stress and local inflammation. Thymol, a major polyphenolic compound in thyme, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured the in vitro antioxidant activity of thymol, and investigated the effect of thymol on high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. New Zealand white rabbits were fed with regular chow, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HC), T3, or T6 (HC with thymol supplementation at 3 mg/kg/d or 6 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 8 weeks. Aortic intimal thickening, serum lipid parameters, multiple inflammatory markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerosis-associated …
Validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (Hptlc) Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nadifloxacin, Mometasone Furoate, And Miconazole Nitrate Cream Using Fractional Factorial Design,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (Hptlc) Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nadifloxacin, Mometasone Furoate, And Miconazole Nitrate Cream Using Fractional Factorial Design, K.G. Patel, P.M. Shah, P.A. Shah, T.R. Gandhi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate, and miconazole nitrate was developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic separation was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 and methanol:ethyl acetate:toluene: acetonitrile:3M ammonium formate in water (1:2.5:6.0:0.3:0.2, % v/v) as optimized mobile phase at detection wavelength of 224 nm. The retardation factor (Rf) values for nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate, and miconazole nitrate were 0.23, 0.70, and 0.59, respectively. Percent recoveries in terms of accuracy for the marketed formulation were found to be 98.35–99.76%, 99.36–99.65%, and 99.16–100.25% for nadifloxacin, mometasone …
Chemical Composition And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Essential Oil From Trachydium Roylei,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Composition And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Essential Oil From Trachydium Roylei, Y.-T. Wang, L. Zhu, D. Zeng, W. Long, S.-M. Zhu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity, and cytotoxicity of essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Trachydium roylei were investigated in this study. The chemical composition of T. roylei essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Fifty-nine components, representing 98.87% of the oils, were characterized. The oils were predominated by aromatic compounds and monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the main components were myristicin (25.35%), β-phellandrene (22.95%), elemicine (7.69%), isoelemicin (5.48%), and cedrol (5.26%). The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated. The oils downregulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, …
Essential Oils From Taiwan: Chemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia Coli,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Essential Oils From Taiwan: Chemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia Coli, P.-C. Lin, J.J. Lee, I.-J. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The chemical compositions of seven essential oils from Taiwan were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The eluates were identified by matching the mass fragment patents to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 08 database. The quantitative analysis showed that the major components of lemon verbena are geranial (26.9%) and neral (23.1%); those of sweet marjoram are γ-terpinene (18.5%), thymol methyl ether (15.5%), and terpinen-4-ol (12.0%); those of clove basil are eugenol (73.6%), and β-(Z)-ocimene (15.4%); those of patchouli are carvacrol (47.5%) and p-cymene (15.2%); those of rosemary are α-pinene (54.8%) and 1,8-cineole (22.2%); those of tea tree are …
Influence Of Gallic Acid On Α-Amylase And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Properties Of Acarbose,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Influence Of Gallic Acid On Α-Amylase And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Properties Of Acarbose, G. Oboh, O.B. Ogunsuyi, M.D. Ogunbadejo, S.A. Adefegha
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Acarbose is an antidiabetic drug which acts by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities but with deleterious side effects. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid that is widespread in plant foods. We therefore investigated the influence of GA on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of acarbose (in vitro). Aqueous solutions of acarbose and GA were prepared to a final concentration of 25μM each. Thereafter, mixtures of the samples (50% acarbose + 50% GA; 75% acarbose + 25% GA; and 25% acarbose + 75% GA) were prepared. The results revealed that the combination of 50% acarbose and 50% GA showed the …
Extracts Of Agrimonia Eupatoria L. As Sources Of Biologically Active Compounds And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Antibiofilm Activities,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extracts Of Agrimonia Eupatoria L. As Sources Of Biologically Active Compounds And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Antibiofilm Activities, M.Ž. Muruzović, K.G. Mladenović, O.D. Stefanović, S.M. Vasić, L.R. Čomić
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, we determined the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanidins in the water, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethanol extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. We also investigated the antioxidant activity of these extracts using two methods [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power] and their in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity on some selected species of bacteria and fungi. In addition, the effects of the acetone and water extracts on the inhibition of biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated using the crystal violet method. The concentration of total phenols was measured according to the …
Fungal Flora And Aflatoxin Contamination In Pakistani Wheat Kernels (Triticum Aestivum L.) And Their Attribution In Seed Germination,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Fungal Flora And Aflatoxin Contamination In Pakistani Wheat Kernels (Triticum Aestivum L.) And Their Attribution In Seed Germination, M.A. Asghar, A. Ahmed, J. Iqbal, E. Zahir, H. Nauman
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study aimed to isolate fungal pathogens and to subsequently quantify aflatoxin (AF; B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) contamination in wheat crops grown in Pakistan. Accordingly, a total of 185 wheat samples were collected from different areas of Pakistan and numerous potent fungal pathogens were isolated. AF contamination attributed to the presence of intoxicating fungal pathogens and resulting metabolic activities were quantified using a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector coupled with postcolumn derivatization. Additionally, the effect of fungal pathogens on seed germination was also examined. The results obtained showed that 50% of tested wheat samples were found to …
Tumor Cell Culture On Collagen–Chitosan Scaffolds As Three-Dimensional Tumor Model: A Suitable Model For Tumor Studies,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Tumor Cell Culture On Collagen–Chitosan Scaffolds As Three-Dimensional Tumor Model: A Suitable Model For Tumor Studies, A. Mahmoudzadeh, H. Mohammadpour
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Tumor cells naturally live in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, while common laboratory tests and evaluations are done in two-dimensional (2D) plates. This study examined the impact of cultured 4T1 cancer cells in a 3D collagen–chitosan scaffold compared with 2D plate cultures. Collagen–chitosan scaffolds were provided and passed confirmatory tests. 4T1 tumor cells were cultured on scaffolds and then tumor cells growth rate, resistance to X-ray radiation, and cyclophosphamide as a chemotherapy drug were analyzed. Furthermore, 4T1 cells were extracted from the scaffold model and were injected into the mice. Tumor growth rate, survival rate, and systemic immune responses were evaluated. Our …
Assessment Of The Key Aroma Compounds In Rose-Based Products,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Assessment Of The Key Aroma Compounds In Rose-Based Products, C.-Y. Zhao, J. Xue, X.-D. Cai, J. Guo, B. Li, S. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-olfactometry were used to analyze the key aroma compounds in three types of rose-based products, including low-temperature extracts (LTEs), high-temperature extracts (HTEs), and rose drinks (RDs). In combination with the Guadagni theory, it was confirmed that the key aroma components of LTE were β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, and eugenol. The main aroma compounds in HTE were β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, linalool, and rose oxide. The four key aroma compounds in RDs were β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, eugenol, geraniol, and linalool. © 2016
Hepatoprotective And Antidiabetic Effects Of Pistacia Lentiscus Leaf And Fruit Extracts,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hepatoprotective And Antidiabetic Effects Of Pistacia Lentiscus Leaf And Fruit Extracts, C. Mehenni, D. Atmani-Kilani, S. Dumarçay, D. Perrin, P. Gérardin, D. Atmani
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) is commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of extracts of P. lentiscus leaves (PL) and fruits (PF) against experimentally induced liver damage. Furthermore, characterization of extracts was attempted by a spectroscopic methodology (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection analysis. A hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol [165 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] toxicity was noticed in mice pretreated with the same dose of PL or PF extract (125 mg/kg b.w.) or a combination of both (PL/PF 63/63 …
Effects Of Electrode Gap And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Electrode Gap And Electric Potential On Chlorine Generation Of Electrolyzed Deep Ocean Water, G.-S.W. Hsu, S.-Y. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrode gap and electric potential on chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water. Deep ocean water was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum-plated titanium anode and cathode. Results showed high electric efficiency at a low cell potential, and a high current density and high chlorine concentration at a high cell potential and low electrode gap. Current efficiency of the system was not significantly affected by electrode gap …
Histamine Production By Raoultella Ornithinolytica In Mahi-Mahi Meat At Various Storage Temperatures,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Histamine Production By Raoultella Ornithinolytica In Mahi-Mahi Meat At Various Storage Temperatures, C.-S. Lin, H.-F. Kung, C.-M. Lin, H.-C. Tsai, Y.-H. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Mahi-mahi meat was inoculated with Raoultella ornithinolytica at 5.0 log CFU/g and stored at -20°C, 4°C, 15°C, 25°C, or 37°C to investigate bacterial growth and formation of total volatile base nitrogen and histamine in mahi-mahi meat. R. ornithinolytica grew rapidly in samples stored at temperature above 15°C. The histamine contents quickly increased to higher than 50 mg/100 g in samples stored at 25°C and 37°C within 12 hours as well as those stored at 15°C within 48 hours. The total volatile base nitrogen contents increased to higher than the index level (30 mg/100 g) for fish decomposition at 25°C within …
Analysis Of N-Nitrosodiethylamine By Ion Chromatography Coupled With Uv Photolysis Pretreatment,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Analysis Of N-Nitrosodiethylamine By Ion Chromatography Coupled With Uv Photolysis Pretreatment, X. Li, X. He, Y. Dong, L. Jia, Q. He
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Nitrosamines such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) are commonly detected by spectrophotometry after photolysis and Griess reaction (PG) in food industries for lower cost. Results of this research indicate that NDEA decays rapidly under UV irradiation, and concentrations of the generated NO2- and NO3- ions vary with photolysis conditions. Thus, the measurement of the PG method may be inconsistent because it is based on the amount of photoproduced NO2-. In addition, more errors may be present in the PG method since NO3- cannot be measured colorimetrically using Griess reagent. In this work, the sum of the concentrations of photoproduced NO2- and NO3- …
Antioxidant Activity And Protective Effects Of Cocoa And Kola Nut Mistletoe (Globimetula Cupulata) Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Langendorff-Perfused Rat Hearts,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant Activity And Protective Effects Of Cocoa And Kola Nut Mistletoe (Globimetula Cupulata) Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Langendorff-Perfused Rat Hearts, A.C. Akinmoladun, J.A. Olowe, K. Komolafe, J. Ogundele, M.T. Olaleye
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Protection against cardiomyocyte damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is highly desirable in patients with ischemic heart disease. Hydromethanol extracts of Globimetula cupulata (mistletoe) growing on cocoa (CGCE) and kola nut (KGCE) trees were assessed for antioxidant content and cardioprotective potential against I/R. Graded concentrations (1-50 μg/mL) of CGCE or KGCE were tested on Langendorff-perfused rat hearts to evaluate the effects on the flow rate, heart rate, and force of cardiac contraction, while another set of hearts were subjected to biochemical analyses. Both extracts showed good antioxidant content and activity, but KGCE (EC50: 24.8±1.8 μg/mL) showed higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity …
Comparing The Functional Components, Sod-Like Activities, Antimutagenicity, And Nutrient Compositions Of Phellinus Igniarius And Phellinus Linteus Mushrooms,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Comparing The Functional Components, Sod-Like Activities, Antimutagenicity, And Nutrient Compositions Of Phellinus Igniarius And Phellinus Linteus Mushrooms, N.-C. Yang, C.-C. Wu, R.H. Liu, Y.-C. Chai, C.Y. Tseng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide …
Determination Of Urea Content In Urea Cream By Centrifugal Partition Chromatography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Urea Content In Urea Cream By Centrifugal Partition Chromatography, Y.-Q. Wang, S.-S. Wang, J. Zhu, L. Wang, B.-H. Jiang, W.-J. Zhao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study is to establish a centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method for determination of the urea ingredient in urea cream. The mechanism of this method is that urea is determined by UV detector at 430 nm after being extracted from the cream and derivatized on line via Ehrlich reaction in rotor of CPC, where the reaction products dissolve in the mobile phase and the cream matrix retains in the stationary phase. The mixed solvent consisting of n-hexane, methanol, hydrochloric acid and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with a ratio of 1000 mL:1000 mL:18 mL:2.0 g is used for solvent system of …
