Hydrolysis Of Isoflavone In Black Soy Milk Using Cellulose Bead As Enzyme Immobilizer,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hydrolysis Of Isoflavone In Black Soy Milk Using Cellulose Bead As Enzyme Immobilizer, K.-I. Chen, Y. Yao, H.-J. Chen, Y.-C. Lo, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The establishment of a catalytic system to enrich isoflavone aglycones in black soybean milk was investigated in this study. Beta-glucosidase, which was covalently immobilized onto cellulose beads, exhibited a significant efficiency for the conversion of 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide to p-nitrophenol over the sol–gel method. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was determined to be 1.50 ± 0.10 mM. Operational reusability of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was justified for more than 10 batch reactions in black soy milk. Moreover, the storage stability verification indicated that the cellulose bead catalytic system was able to sustain its highest catalytic …
Characterization Of Yogurts Made With Milk Solids Nonfat By Rheological Behavior And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Characterization Of Yogurts Made With Milk Solids Nonfat By Rheological Behavior And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, H.-Y. Yu, L. Wang, K.L. Mccarthy
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The effect of adding milk solids nonfat (MSNF) on the physical properties and microstructure of yogurts was investigated. The physical properties of fat free yogurt, fat free with MSNF yogurt, whole fat yogurt, and whole fat with MSNF yogurt were analyzed using shear viscosity, viscoelasticity, and texture analysis. The two yogurts with MSNF had higher consistency coefficient (K), storage modulus (G′), yield stress, and hardness. To gain insight into the multiphase system, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and brightfield microscope images were acquired. The addition of MSNF significantly modified NMR relaxation time; T1 values were reduced significantly. Brightfield microscope images showed …
Inhibitory Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress Of Caffeic Acid,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Inhibitory Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress Of Caffeic Acid, F.A. Khan, A. Maalik, G. Murtaza
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The purpose of this article is to summarize the reported antioxidant activities of a naturally abundant bioactive phenolic acid, caffeic acid (CA, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), so that new avenues for future research involving CA can be explored. CA is abundantly found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, oils, and tea. CA is among the most potential and abundantly found in nature, hydroxycinnamic acids with the potential of antioxidant behavior. Reactive oxygen species produced as a result of endogenous processes can lead to pathophysiological disturbances in the human body. Foods containing phenolic substances are a potential source for free radical scavenging; these chemicals are …
Proteomic Changes Associated With Metabolic Syndrome In A Fructose-Fed Rat Model,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Proteomic Changes Associated With Metabolic Syndrome In A Fructose-Fed Rat Model, C.-C. Hsieh, C.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Liao, L.S. Hwang, L.-Y. Wu, S.-C. Hsieh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a constellation of disorders such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, is becoming a major global public health problem. Fructose consumption has increased dramatically over the past several decades and with it the incidence of MetS. However, its molecular mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, we used male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to study the pathological mechanism of fructose induced MetS. The SD rats were fed a 60% high-fructose diet for 16 weeks to induce MetS. The induction of MetS was confirmed by blood biochemistry examination. Proteomics were used to investigate the differential hepatic …
Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorbed On Eremomycin And Grafted On Silica As New Mixed-Binary Chiral Sorbent For Improved Enantioseparation Of Drugs,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorbed On Eremomycin And Grafted On Silica As New Mixed-Binary Chiral Sorbent For Improved Enantioseparation Of Drugs, I.A. Fedorova, E.N. Shapovalova, O.A. Shpigun, S.M. Staroverov
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new silica-based, mixed-binary chiral sorbent grafted with the macrocyclic antibiotic eremomycin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained. The sorbent-filled high-performance liquid chromatography column was capable of enantioseparation of racemic drugs, such as profens, in reversed-phase-chromatography mode. The mixed-binary eremomycin-BSA-sorbent showed better capability for profens enantioseparation as compared with a sorbent containing eremomycin only. BSA grafted onto the sorbent surface significantly reduced retention times of other proteins from the analyte solution, and free proteins (including BSA) injected as analytes were not retained on the column, and subsequently eluted with a dead volume. The drastic difference observed in the binding …
Antibacterial And Laxative Activities Of Strictinin Isolated From Pu'er Tea (Camellia Sinensis),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antibacterial And Laxative Activities Of Strictinin Isolated From Pu'er Tea (Camellia Sinensis), S.-K. Hsieh, J.-R. Xu, N.-H. Lin, Y.-C. Li, G.-H. Chen, P.-C. Kuo, W.-Y. Chen, J.T.C. Tzen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Strictinin, the major phenolic compound in Pu'er teas produced from young leaves and buds of wild trees, was isolated to evaluate its antibacterial and laxative activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of strictinin against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined as 250 μM and 2000 μM, respectively, apparently higher than those of several antibiotics commonly used for bacterial infections. The additive and synergistic effects on the inhibitory activities of strictinin combined with other commercial antibiotics were observed in two bacteria tested in this study via the analysis of fractional inhibitory concentrations. Laxative activity was observed on defecation of the rats …
Nanotechnology In Food Science: Functionality, Applicability, And Safety Assessment,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Nanotechnology In Food Science: Functionality, Applicability, And Safety Assessment, X. He, H.-M. Hwang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Rapid development of nanotechnology is expected to transform many areas of food science and food industry with increasing investment and market share. In this article, current applications of nanotechnology in food systems are briefly reviewed. Functionality and applicability of food-related nanotechnology are highlighted in order to provide a comprehensive view on the development and safety assessment of nanotechnology in the food industry. While food nanotechnology offers great potential benefits, there are emerging concerns arising from its novel physicochemical properties. Therefore, the safety concerns and regulatory policies on its manufacturing, processing, packaging, and consumption are briefly addressed. At the end of …
Sedative And Hypnotic Effects Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction From Schisandra Chinensis In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Sedative And Hypnotic Effects Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction From Schisandra Chinensis In Mice, H. Zhu, L. Zhang, G. Wang, Z. He, Y. Zhao, Y. Xu, Y. Gao, L. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for treating insomnia and neurasthenia for centuries. Lignans, which are considered to be the bioactive components, are apt to be extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. This study was conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of S. chinensis (SFES) in mice and the possible mechanisms. SFES exhibited an obvious sedative effect on shortening the locomotor activity in mice in a dose-dependent (10–200 mg/kg) manner. SFES (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, intragstrically) showed a strong hypnotic effect in synergy with …
Composition Of Asarum Heterotropoides Var. Mandshuricum Radix Oil From Different Extraction Methods And Activities Against Human Body Odor-Producing Bacteria,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Composition Of Asarum Heterotropoides Var. Mandshuricum Radix Oil From Different Extraction Methods And Activities Against Human Body Odor-Producing Bacteria, A.S.M.T. Haque, J.N. Moon, P.S. Saravana, A. Tilahun, B.-S. Chun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, oils from Asarum heterotropoides were extracted by traditional solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction methods and their antioxidant activities along with antimicrobial and inhibitory activities against five human body odor-producing bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium jeikeium, and Corynebacterium xerosis) were evaluated. The oil was found to contain 15 components, among which the most abundant component was methyl eugenol (37.6%), which was identified at every condition studied in different extraction methods. The oil extracted with n-hexane and ethanol mixture exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (92% ± 2%) and the highest ABTS and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging …
Investigation Of Aluminum Content Of Imported Candies And Snack Foods In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Investigation Of Aluminum Content Of Imported Candies And Snack Foods In Taiwan, T.S. Yeh, Y.-T. Liu, P.-J. Liou, H.-P. Li, C.-C. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Candies, chewing gums, dried fruits, jellies, chocolate, and shredded squid pieces imported from 17 countries were surveyed for their aluminum content. The samples were bought from candy shops, supermarkets, and convenience stores, and through online shopping. Sample selection focused on imported candies and snacks. A total of 67 samples, including five chewing gums, seven dried fruits, 13 chocolates, two jellies, two dried squid pieces, and 38 candies, were analyzed. The content of aluminum was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The limit of quantitation for aluminum was 1.53 mg/kg. The content of aluminum ranged from not …
In Vitro Prebiotic Effects And Quantitative Analysis Of Bulnesia Sarmienti Extract,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
In Vitro Prebiotic Effects And Quantitative Analysis Of Bulnesia Sarmienti Extract, M.A. Reza, M.A. Hossain, S.-J. Lee, J.-C. Kim, S.-C. Park
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in …
Certification Of Caffeine Reference Material Purity By Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Diode-Array Detection As Two Independent Analytical Methods,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Certification Of Caffeine Reference Material Purity By Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Diode-Array Detection As Two Independent Analytical Methods, A.B. Shehata, M.S. Rizk, E.A. Rend
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Caffeine reference material certified for purity is produced worldwide, but no research work on the details of the certification process has been published in the literature. In this paper, we report the scientific details of the preparation and certification of pure caffeine reference materials. Caffeine was prepared by extraction from roasted and ground coffee by dichloromethane after heating in deionized water mixed with magnesium oxide. The extract was purified, dried, and bottled in dark glass vials. Stratified random selection was applied to select a number of vials for homogeneity and stability studies, which revealed that the prepared reference material is …
Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Onion Extract And Their Application For The Preparation Of A Modified Electrode For Determination Of Ascorbic Acid,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Onion Extract And Their Application For The Preparation Of A Modified Electrode For Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, M.A. Khalilzadeh, M. Borzoo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A high-quality method for one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using onion extracts as reductant and stabilizer is reported. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the AgNP absorption band was located at a peak of 397 nm in aqueous solution. Both XRD and TEM results confirmed that the AgNPs were mainly spherical with average diameters of 6.0 nm by TEM and about 5.3–10.2 nm calculated using XRD data. The ability of AgNPs to reduce charge transfer resistance was also investigated using electrochemical impedance …
Suppression Of Erk1/2 And Hypoxia Pathways By Four Phyllanthus Species Inhibits Metastasis Of Human Breast Cancer Cells,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Suppression Of Erk1/2 And Hypoxia Pathways By Four Phyllanthus Species Inhibits Metastasis Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, S.H. Lee, I.B. Jaganath, N. Atiya, R. Manikam, S.D. Sekaran
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Chemotherapies remain far from ideal due to drug resistance; therefore, novel chemotherapeutic agents with higher effectiveness are crucial. The extracts of four Phyllanthus species, namely Phyllanthus niruri, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus watsonii, and Phyllanthus amarus, were shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7). The main objective of this study was to determine the pathways utilized by these four Phyllanthus species to exert anti-metastatic activities. A cancer 10-pathway reporter was used to investigate the pathways affected by the four Phyllanthus species. Results indicated that these Phyllanthus species suppressed breast carcinoma metastasis and proliferation by suppressing matrix metalloprotein …
Effect Of Goat Milk On Hepatotoxicity Induced By Antitubercular Drugs In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Goat Milk On Hepatotoxicity Induced By Antitubercular Drugs In Rats, S. Miglani, R.R. Patyar, S. Patyar, M.R. Reshi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Aim of the present study was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of goat milk on antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats using a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide given orally as a suspension for 30 days. Treatment groups received goat milk along with antitubercular drugs. Liver damage was assessed using biochemical and histological parameters. Administration of goat milk (20 mL/kg) along with antitubercular drugs (Group III) reversed the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (82 ± 25.1 vs. 128.8 ± 8.9 units/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (174.7 ± 31.5 vs. 296.4 ± 56.4 units/L, p < 0.01) compared with antitubercular drug treatment Group II. There was a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (41.8 ± 4.1 vs. 128.8 ± 8.9 units/L, p < 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase (128.8 ± 8.54 vs. 296.4 ± 56.4 units/L, p < 0.001) levels in Group IV (goat milk 40 mL/kg) compared with antitubercular drug treatment Group II. Goat milk (20 mL/kg and 40 mL/kg) was effective in reversing the rise in malondialdehyde level compared with the antitubercular drug suspension groups (58.5 ± 2 vs. 89.88 ± 2.42 μmol/mL of tissue homogenate, p < 0.001 and 69.7 ± 0.78 vs. 89.88 ± 2.42 μmol/mL of tissue homogenate, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, both doses of milk significantly prevented a fall in superoxide dismutase level (6.23 ± 0.29 vs. 3.1 ± 0.288 units/mL, p < 0.001 and 7.8 ± 0.392 vs. 3.1 ± 0.288 units/mL, p < 0.001) compared with the group receiving antitubercular drugs alone. Histological examination indicated that goat milk reduced inflammation and necrotic changes in hepatocytes in the treatment groups. The results indicated that goat milk prevented the antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity and is an effective hepatoprotective agent. © 2016
Assessment Of The Pharmacokinetics, Removal Rate Of Hemodialysis, And Safety Of Lactulose In Hemodialysis Patients,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Assessment Of The Pharmacokinetics, Removal Rate Of Hemodialysis, And Safety Of Lactulose In Hemodialysis Patients, C.-J. Lin, C.-F. Pan, S.-Y. Ju, H.-K. Tzeng, S.-W. Chen, J.-T. Syu, C.-J. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Lactulose is often used to treat hepatic encephalopathy or constipation, and also exhibits benefits to chronic renal insufficiency due to reduce nitrogen-related products in serum. The present study investigated the pharmacokinetics of lactulose, its removal rate through dialysis, and safety by administering lactulose 6.5 g (Lagnos Jelly Divided Pack 16.05 g) orally to six hemodialysis patients who resided in Taiwan. As a result, the means of maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and Time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were 3090 ± 970 ng/mL and 6.5 ± 2.3 hours, respectively. The mean plasma concentration was 2220 ± 986 ng/mL after administration for 24 …
Myrciaria Cauliflora Extract Improves Diabetic Nephropathy Via Suppression Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Myrciaria Cauliflora Extract Improves Diabetic Nephropathy Via Suppression Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Mice, J.-D. Hsu, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Myrciaria cauliflora is a functional food rich in anthocyanins, possessing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous results demonstrated M. cauliflora extract (MCE) had beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and via the inhibition of Ras/PI3K/Akt and kidney fibrosis-related proteins. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of MCE in diabetes associated with kidney inflammation and glycemic regulation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ/NA)-induced diabetic mice. Compared with the untreated diabetic group, MCE significantly improved blood glucose and serum biochemical characteristic levels. Exposure to MCE increased antioxidative enzyme activity and diminished reactive oxygen synthesis. Mice receiving MCE supplementation had reduced intercellular …
7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, X. He, L. Ma, Q. Xia, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread throughout the world and are the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. PAs require metabolic activation to form reactive dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (dehydro-PAs) that are capable of alkylating cellular DNA and proteins, form (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-DNA and DHP-protein adducts, and lead to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tumorigenicity. In this study, we determined that the metabolism of riddelliine and monocrotaline by human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of N-acetylcysteine both produced 7-N-acetylcysteine-DHP (7-NAC-DHP) and DHP. Reactions of 7-NAC-DHP with 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA), and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution followed by …
A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods, N.-D. Chen, T. You, J. Li, L.-T. Bai, J.-W. Hao, X.-Y. Xu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Plant tissue culture technique is widely used in the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plants and it is crucial for tissue culture stocks to obtain the ability to produce similar bioactive components as their wild correspondences. In this paper, a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method combined with chemometric methods was applied to analyze and evaluate the volatile compounds in tissue-cultured and wild Dendrobium huoshanense Cheng and Tang, Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium moniliforme (Linn.) Sw. In total, 63 volatile compounds were separated, with 53 being identified from the three Dendrobium spp. samples. Different provenances of …
Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L.,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L., S. Wang, Y. Zheng, F. Xiang, S. Li, G. Yang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Momordica charantia L., a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, has been used as an antimutagenic, antihelminthic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent in traditional folk medicine. In this study, the antifungal activity of M. charantia seed extract toward Fusarium solani L. was evaluated. Results showed that M. charantia seed extract effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani, with a 50% inhibitory rate (IC50) value of 108.934 μg/mL. Further analysis with optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the seed extract led to deformation of cells with irregular budding, loss of integrity of cell wall, as well as disruption of …
