Beverage-Induced Enhanced Bioavailability Of Carbamazepine And Its Consequent Effect On Antiepileptic Activity And Toxicity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Beverage-Induced Enhanced Bioavailability Of Carbamazepine And Its Consequent Effect On Antiepileptic Activity And Toxicity, S. Karmakar, S. Biswas, R. Bera, S. Mondal, A. Kundu, M.A. Ali, T. Sen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study was undertaken to investigate the food-drug interaction of carbamazepine (CBZ). Common fruit juices [grapefruit juice (GFJ), lime juice (LJ)], known to inhibit the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and some widely consumed beverages [milk (M), black tea (BT)] were involved in this study in the presence of CBZ, as might happen during clinical therapy. The effects of the beverages on the pharmacokinetics and drug-induced toxicity of CBZ was observed after concomitant administration for a period of 28 days. Accordingly, the influence of altered bioavailability of CBZ on its antiepileptic activity was investigated. A significant shift in the …
Chemical Compositions Of The Volatile Extracts From Seeds Of Dendranthema Nankingense And Borago Officinalis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Compositions Of The Volatile Extracts From Seeds Of Dendranthema Nankingense And Borago Officinalis, S. Wu, T. Xu, D. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Volatile extracts from the seeds of Dendranthema nankingense Hand.-Mazz. and Borago officinalis L. were prepared using simultaneous distillation and extraction, and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on two capillary gas chromatography columns of different polarity. Ninety-five volatile compounds were identified in D. nankingense seeds, with hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, borneol, (-)-camphor, and 3-methyl-1-butanol being the predominant species. Sixty-five volatile compounds were identified in B. officinalis seeds, with 2-pentanone, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 3-methyl butanal, and hexanal being the most abundant species. Thirty-three compounds, including short-chain aliphatic aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, were common to both seeds. The volatile composition of both seeds varied significantly depending on …
The Development Of Alcohol Policy In Contemporary China,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Development Of Alcohol Policy In Contemporary China, X. Guo, Y.-G. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Over recent years, an increase in alcohol-related problems has been noted in China. Taking effective measures against the problem requires clear reviewing and understanding of the evolution of the Chinese alcohol policy. This study is aimed to evaluate the alcohol policy with special focus on reviewing the alcohol production and consumption situation in China and assessing the changes in Chinese alcohol policy along with other related fields. This article finishes with a set of recommended policy changes that could help solve the recent alcohol-related problems and analyze the major impediments. © 2014, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier …
Quality Assessment Of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus Sold In Taiwan Markets Using A Validated Hplc-Uv Method Combined With Hierarchical Clustering Analysis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quality Assessment Of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus Sold In Taiwan Markets Using A Validated Hplc-Uv Method Combined With Hierarchical Clustering Analysis, Y.-K. Lin, Y.-L. Ho, Y. Zhao, Y.-S. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present paper describes the development of a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection method for quantitative determination of peimine and peiminine in Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB). Separation was achieved using a conventional XBridge™ Shield RP 18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, internal diameter 3.5 μm) with photodiode array detection at 190-400 nm for UV spectra and 220 nm for quantification. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.03% diethylamine aqueous solution and (B) acetonitrile eluted by an isocratic procedure at 45:55 (A:B) over 25 minutes. The method was validated for linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), inter- …
Preparation Of Total Flavonoids From Loquat Flower And Its Protective Effect On Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Preparation Of Total Flavonoids From Loquat Flower And Its Protective Effect On Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury In Mice, S.-K. Wu, N. Zhang, X.-R. Shen, W.-W. Mei, Y. He, W.-H. Ge
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study aimed to research the preparation techniques of total flavones from loquat flower (TFLF), its anti-oxidation capacity, and its protective effect on hepatic injury. The best extraction parameters by orthogonal experimentation were water at 100°C, extraction time 2.5 hours, solid/liquid ratio 1:20, and three decoctions. The chromogenic reaction to the flavones showed that loquat flowers mainly contained flavone, flavonol, and flavanone compounds combining ortho-phenolic hydroxyl group structure in the 10-30% ethanol fraction. The anti-oxidant capacity of O2-· was 26.09% and of OH-·was 83.01% by salicylic acid and pyrogallol auto-oxidation. Compared with the model group, TFLF lowered the levels of …
Possible Molecular Targets For Therapeutic Applications Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester In Inflammation And Cancer,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Possible Molecular Targets For Therapeutic Applications Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester In Inflammation And Cancer, G. Murtaza, A. Sajjad, Z. Mehmood, S.H. Shah, A.R. Siddiqi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Of the various derivatives of caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a hydrophobic, bioactive polyphenolic ester obtained from propolis extract. The objective in writing this review article was to summarize all published studies on therapeutics of CAPE in inflammation and cancer to extract direction for future research. The possible molecular targets for the action of CAPE, include various transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB, tissue necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, Nrf2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor of activated T cells, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and signal transducers and activators of transcription. Based on the valuable data on its therapeutics in …
Antioxidant And Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities Of Sorbus Torminalis (L.) Crantz (Wild Service Tree) Fruits,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant And Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities Of Sorbus Torminalis (L.) Crantz (Wild Service Tree) Fruits, G. Hasbal, T. Yilmaz-Ozden, A. Can
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, the antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz fruits were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothioazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of water, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts were determined for the measurement of the antioxidant activity. Quercetin and α-tocopherol were used as standard antioxidants. The inhibitory effect of the water extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was evaluated using the Ellman method and galantamine was used as a standard. Water extract had the highest total phenolic concentration and the strongest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate …
Finding Of Polysaccharide-Peptide Complexes In Cordyceps Militaris And Evaluation Of Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Finding Of Polysaccharide-Peptide Complexes In Cordyceps Militaris And Evaluation Of Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity, C.-H. Tsai, Y.-H. Yen, J.P.-W. Yang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition enhances learning and cognitive ability for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Polysaccharide-peptide complexes were identified in Cordyceps militaris (CPSPs) and characterized for their AChE inhibitory properties. Three polymers (CPSP-F1, -F2, and -F3) were extracted and separated by ultrasound-assisted extraction and diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Polysaccharide-peptide complexes were identified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, amino sugar composition analysis, and β-elimination reaction to identify polysaccharide-peptide bond categories. Separation of CPSP can increase AChE inhibitory activity from the crude polysaccharide of C. militaris. CPSP-F1 and CPSP-F2 exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentrations of …
Inhibitory Activity Of Sargassum Hemiphyllum Sulfated Polysaccharide In Arachidonic Acid-Induced Animal Models Of Inflammation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Inhibitory Activity Of Sargassum Hemiphyllum Sulfated Polysaccharide In Arachidonic Acid-Induced Animal Models Of Inflammation, P.-A. Hwang, Y.-L. Hung, S.-Y. Chien
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Sargassum hemiphyllum is a common plant found on the coasts of Taiwan; it has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of S. hemiphyllum sulfated polysaccharide (SHSP) using two different mouse models. In both arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammatory gavage and paint models, SHSP decreased ear swelling and erythema. In addition, SHSP decreased the production of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in a dose-dependent manner. Histological examination results showed that SHSP reduced the area of neutrophilic infiltration in inflamed ears. The anti-inflammatory activity of SHSP …
Current Development In Medical Devices Postmarket Surveillance In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Current Development In Medical Devices Postmarket Surveillance In Taiwan, C.-W. Lan, M.-K. Yeh, S.-I. Wu, P.-W. Tu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
[No abstract available]
Analysis Of Lipophilic Compounds Of Tea Coated On The Surface Of Clay Teapots,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Analysis Of Lipophilic Compounds Of Tea Coated On The Surface Of Clay Teapots, T.-Y. Chung, P.-C. Kuo, Z.-H. Liao, Y.-E. Shih, M.-L. Yang, M.-L. Cheng, C.-C. Wu, J.T.C. Tzen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The surface of a clay teapot tends to be coated with a waterproof film after constant use for tea preparation. The waterproof films of two kinds of teapots (zisha and zhuni) used for preparing oolong tea and old oolong tea were extracted and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that comparable constituents were detected in these films; they were primarily fatty acids and linear hydrocarbons that were particularly rich in palmitic acid and stearic acid. To explore the source of these two abundant fatty acids, the fatty acid compositions of fresh tea leaves, granules, infusion, and vapor …
Effects Of Indium Chloride Exposure On Sperm Morphology And Dna Integrity In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Indium Chloride Exposure On Sperm Morphology And Dna Integrity In Rats, K.-H. Lee, H.-P. Chen, C.-M. Leung, H.-L. Chen, S.-S. Tsai, P.-C. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Indium, a Group IIIA element of the periodic chart and a rare earth metal characterized by high plasticity, corrosion resistance, and a low melting point, is widely used in the electronics industry where released streams can contaminate the environment. Consequently, indium can reach humans mainly by natural ways, which could result in a health hazard. Although reproductive toxicities have been surveyed in some studies in animal models, the infertility effects of sperm function induced by indium compounds have not been greatly investigated. We designed a study to investigate the toxicities of subacute exposure to indium compounds on male sperm function …
Quality Analysis Of Polygala Tenuifolia Root By Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quality Analysis Of Polygala Tenuifolia Root By Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, D. Wu, J. He, Y. Jiang, B. Yang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Polygala tenuifolia root is used as a functional food due to its attractive health benefits. In this study, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to characterize the bioactive compounds in P. tenuifolia root. The UPLC-MS/MS information revealed 36 bioactive compounds, including oligosaccharide esters, polygalasaponins, and polygalaxanthones. GC-MS identified 34 volatile compounds with fatty acids as the main chemicals. The leading compound judged by UPLC-MS/MS was tenuifoliside A, and oleic acid was the leading volatile from GC-MS profiles. All samples tested showed similar bioactive compound compositions, but the level of each compound varied. Principal …
Significant Elevation Of Antiviral Activity Of Strictinin From Pu'er Tea After Thermal Degradation To Ellagic Acid And Gallic Acid,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Significant Elevation Of Antiviral Activity Of Strictinin From Pu'er Tea After Thermal Degradation To Ellagic Acid And Gallic Acid, G.-H. Chen, Y.-L. Lin, W.-L. Hsu, S.-K. Hsieh, J.T.C. Tzen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Compared with abundant catechins, strictinin is a minor constituent in teas and has been demonstrated to possess inhibitory potency on influenza virus. In this study, strictinin was found as the major phenolic compound in Pu'er teas produced from leaves and buds of wild trees. Due to its thermal instability, strictinin, in tea infusion or in an isolated form, was completely decomposed to ellagic acid and gallic acid after being autoclaved for 7 minutes. A plaque reduction assay was employed to compare the relative inhibitory potency between strictinin and its thermally degraded products against human influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34. The results …
Authenticity Analysis Of Citrus Essential Oils By Hplc-Uv-Ms On Oxygenated Heterocyclic Components,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Authenticity Analysis Of Citrus Essential Oils By Hplc-Uv-Ms On Oxygenated Heterocyclic Components, H. Fan, Q. Wu, J.E. Simon, S.-N. Lou, C.-T. Ho
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Citrus essential oils are widely applied in food industry as the backbone of citrus flavors. Unfortunately, due to relatively simple chemical composition and tremendous price differences among citrus species, adulteration has been plaguing the industry since its inception. Skilled blenders are capable of making blends that are almost indistinguishable from authentic oils through conventional gas chromatography analysis. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for compositional study of nonvolatile constituents in essential oils from major citrus species. The nonvolatile oxygenated heterocyclic components identified in citrus oils were proved to be more effective as markers in adulteration detection …
Efficacy And Safety Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α Blockers For Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Published Randomized Controlled Trials,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Efficacy And Safety Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α Blockers For Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Published Randomized Controlled Trials, Y.-N. Song, P. Zheng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNF-α blockers for ulcerative colitis. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TNF-α blockers for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and cochrane clinical trial. We estimated Pooled estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and relevant 95% confidence interval (CI) using fixed effects model or random effects model as appropriate. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Nine randomized controlled studies met the selection criteria with a total of 2518 patients. Five studies compared Infliximab with placebo. Two studies compared Infliximab to corticosteroids. …
Development Of Two Reference Materials For All Trans-Retinol, Retinyl Palmitate, Α- And Γ-Tocopherol In Milk Powder And Infant Formula,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development Of Two Reference Materials For All Trans-Retinol, Retinyl Palmitate, Α- And Γ-Tocopherol In Milk Powder And Infant Formula, A.B. Shehata, M.S. Rizk, A.M. Farag, I.F. Tahoun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Vitamins are important food constituents that can be present in almost every foodstuff. Food quality and safety depends on food surveillance by reliable quantitative analysis enabled by appropriate quality control. Certified matrix reference materials are versatile tools to support quality assurance and control. However, in the case of vitamins, which are important in various foods, there is a lack of matrix reference materials. Two certified reference materials for the determination of all-trans-retinol, retinyl palmitate, and α- and γ-tocopherol in milk powder and infant formula have been developed by the National Institute of Standards, Egypt. This article presents the preparation, characterization, …
Safety Assessment Of Menaquinone-7 For Use In Human Nutrition,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Safety Assessment Of Menaquinone-7 For Use In Human Nutrition, B. Ravishankar, Y.A. Dound, D.S. Mehta, B.K. Ashok, Souza A. De, M.-H. Pan, C.-T. Ho, V. Badmaev, A.D.B. Vaidya
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Vitamin K occurs widely in foods and has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiosteoporosis properties. A previous study indicates that long-chain menaquinone-7 may be more bioavailable than vitamin K and short-chain menaquinones. In the present study, acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity assays were carried out to evaluate the safety of oral menaquinone-7 in albino Wistar rats. Oral administration of menaquinone-7, at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg, did not cause toxic symptoms in either male or female rats. A subacute toxicity study also proved the safety and tolerance of …
Major Flavonoid Constituents And Short-Term Effects Of Chun Mee Tea In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Major Flavonoid Constituents And Short-Term Effects Of Chun Mee Tea In Rats, Y. Wang, W. Li, J. Ning, R. Hong, H. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Chun Mee tea is a kind of green tea produced in China mainly for export purposes. Foam quantity is usually used as an index for evaluating the quality of Chun Mee tea. In the current study, we compared the concentrations of total saponin and flavonoids between foamy and low-foam Chun Mee tea. Our research confirmed that the total saponin and O-glycosylated flavonoid concentrations were related to the foam quantity of Chun Mee teas. We also studied the short-term safety effects of extract supplementation with foamy and low-foam Chun Mee tea in rats by routine blood tests and analysis of liver …
Characterization And Determination Of Antioxidant Components In The Leaves Of Camellia Chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama Based On Composition-Activity Relationship Approach,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Characterization And Determination Of Antioxidant Components In The Leaves Of Camellia Chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama Based On Composition-Activity Relationship Approach, J.-B. Wei, X. Li, H. Song, Y.-H. Liang, Y.-Z. Pan, J.-X. Ruan, X. Qin, Y.-X. Chen, C.-L. Nong, Z.-H. Su
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama (CCT), an ornamental plant possessing antioxidant activity, has been infused as tea and drank for its health benefits. The antioxidant components in CCT, however, had not been clearly characterized. To quickly identify the antioxidant constituents of CCT, a composition-activity relationship strategy based on ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap hybrid orbitrap mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least-squares method has been applied. As a result, 16 variables were found to make significant contributions to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Six of them were identified as catechin (1), epicatechin (5), vitexin (8), isovitexin (10), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside …
