Genomics And Personalized Medicine: Chrna5- Chrna3-Chrnb4 And Smoking Cessation Treatment,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Genomics And Personalized Medicine: Chrna5- Chrna3-Chrnb4 And Smoking Cessation Treatment, L.-S. Chen, L.J. Bierut
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cigarette smoking is highly addictive, and modern genetic research has identified robust genetic influences on nicotine dependence. An important step in translating these genetic findings is to identify the genetic factors affecting smoking cessation in order to enhance current smoking cessation treatments. We review the significance of variants in the nicotinic receptor gene cluster (CHRNA5eCHRNA3eCHRNB4) in the prediction of smoking quantity, smoking cessation, and response to cessation medication in multiple studies of smoking cessation. Three common haplotypes (low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk) in the CHRNA5eCHRNA3eCHRNB4 region are defined by rs16969968 and rs680244. The genetic variants in the CHRNA5eCHRNA3eCHRNB4 region that predict …
Collaborative Work Between The West And Asia,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Collaborative Work Between The West And Asia, Y.-I. Hser, G. Bart, L. Li, L.M. Giang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The "Collaborative work between the West and Asia" session was chaired by Dr Yih-Ing Hser and had three speakers. The speakers (and their topics) were: Dr Gavin Bart (Collaborative addiction research in the United States and Asia), Dr Li Li (Implementing intervention research projects in Asia), and Dr Le Minh Giang (Building research infrastructure for international collaborative studies on substance use disorder and HIV: The case of Hanoi Medical University/Vietnam). Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Substance Use Disorders And Hiv In Vietnam Since Doi Moi (Renovation): An Overview,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Substance Use Disorders And Hiv In Vietnam Since Doi Moi (Renovation): An Overview, L.M. Giang, L.B. Ngoc, V.H. Hoang, K. Mulvey, R.A. Rawson
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Drawing frompublished and gray literature, this manuscript focuses on the following topics: (1) changing patterns of substance use and abuse in Vietnamsince the early 1990s; (2) the roles of substance use in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic; (3) the responses of theVietnamese government and other entities (both domestic and international) to substance use disorders (SUDs) and HIV; and (4) the current research capacity in Vietnam and ways in which furthering research in Vietnam could enrich our knowledge of the linkages between SUDsandHIVand of effectivemeasures to reduce theirpublichealth consequences.Agrowing number of studies during the past 2 decades show dynamic and …
Introduction To The Special Issue: Promoting Global Healthetreatment And Prevention Of Substance Abuse And Hiv In Asia,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Introduction To The Special Issue: Promoting Global Healthetreatment And Prevention Of Substance Abuse And Hiv In Asia, Y.-I. Hser, W.-I. Tsay, Y. Wang, B. Tai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
[No abstract available]
Capacity Building And Collaborative Research On Cross-National Studies In The Asian Region,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Capacity Building And Collaborative Research On Cross-National Studies In The Asian Region, Y.-I. Hser, L. Chang, G.-J. Wang, M.D. Li, R. Rawson, S. Shoptaw, J. Normand, B. Tai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
To build capacity and collaborative research for future cross-national studies in the Asian and Pacific Islander (API) region, priority research topics were identified and discussed at the April 2013 Conference to Promote Global Health in Taipei. These topics included: (1) neuroscience on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), led by Drs Linda Chang, Gene-Jack Wang, and Betty Tai; (2) ATS and mental health disorders, led by Drs Richard Rawson and Wilson Compton; and (3) HIV/HCV transmission and social networks, led by Drs Steven Shoptaw and Jacques Normand. Potential genetic studies spanning these topical areas as …
Collaborative Addiction Research In The United States And Asia,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Collaborative Addiction Research In The United States And Asia, G. Bart
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Comparisons between Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) and, when possible, similar populations from their ancestral land of origin may allow for unique insights into the development of substance use disorders. Drawn from research conducted within the Hmong residing in the United States of America (USA) and from ongoing collaborative work between the USA and Vietnam, this paper presents a few examples of the types of addiction research that may be possible in Asian populations, both in the USA and in Asia, with a focus on developing South East Asian countries and their AAPI counterparts in the USA. Approaches to …
Harm Reduction,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Harm Reduction, J. Normand, J.-H. Li, N. Thomson, D.D. Jarlais
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The "Harm Reduction" session was chaired by Dr Jacques Normand, Director of the AIDS Research Program of the United States National Institute on Drug Abuse. The three presenters (and their presentation topics) were: Dr Don Des Jarlais (High coverage needle/ syringe programs for people who inject drugs in low and middle income countries: a systematic review), Dr Nicholas Thomson (Harm reduction history, response, and current trends in Asia), and Dr Jih-Heng Li (Harm reduction strategies in Taiwan). Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Current Research On The Epidemiology, Medical And Psychiatric Effects, And Treatment Of Methamphetamine Use,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Current Research On The Epidemiology, Medical And Psychiatric Effects, And Treatment Of Methamphetamine Use, R.A. Rawson
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Methamphetamine (MA) is a drug that is widely used in many parts of the world. It has multiple neurobiological impacts on the nervous system; some of which are transitory and some longer lasting. MA activates the reward system of the brain and produces effects that are highly reinforcing, which can lead to abuse and dependence. Routes of administration that produce rapid onset of the drug effects (i.e., smoking and injection) are likely to lead to more rapid addiction and more medical and psychiatric effects. The medical effects of MA use are extensive, and chronic use of MA can produce significant …
Emerging Drug Problems In Asia,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Emerging Drug Problems In Asia, G. Bart
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This session, "Emerging Drug Problems in Asia," focused on emerging drug problems in Asia. Dr Juana Tomás-Rosselló discussed "East and Southeast Asia: Emerging drug problems and response" and Dr Wei J. Chen discussed Ketamine use among regular tobacco and alcohol users as revealed by respondent driven sampling in Taipei: Prevalence, expectancy, and users' risky decision making. Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Substance Abuse And The Hiv Situation In Malaysia,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Substance Abuse And The Hiv Situation In Malaysia, D. Singh, M.C. Chawarski, R. Schottenfeld, B. Vicknasingam
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Heroin continues to be the main drug used in Malaysia, whereas amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs, such as ecstasy, syabu, and yaba) have been recently identified as a growing problem. A cumulative total of 300,241 drug users were detected between 1988 and 2006. It is also estimated that Malaysia has 170,000 injecting drug users. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among drug users in the country ranges from 25% to 45%. Currently, there are approximately 380 general medical practice offices that offer agonist maintenance treatments for approximately 10,000 patients. There are 27,756 active patients in 333 general medical practice offices and government-run methadone …
Hiv Prevention For People Who Use Substances: Evidence-Based Strategies,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hiv Prevention For People Who Use Substances: Evidence-Based Strategies, S. Shoptaw
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Evidence-based strategies to guide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention for people who use substances can be grouped into approaches that lower infectiousness among substance users living with HIV and those that prevent HIV acquisition among those who are uninfected. Dramatic successes in HIV prevention involving access to antiretroviral therapy, opioid substitution therapies, and needle and syringe exchange programs have reduced both prevalence and incidence in the United States for people who use injection drugs, and modeling studies suggest that scale-up of these approaches will have a parallel impact worldwide. Medical HIV-prevention strategies that reduce infectiousness ("treatment as prevention" or early …
Foreword,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Medication-Assisted Therapy For Opioid Addiction,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Medication-Assisted Therapy For Opioid Addiction, B. Tai, A.J. Saxon, W. Ling
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The "Medication-Assisted Therapy for Opioid Addiction" session was chaired by Dr Betty Tai and had three presenters. The presenters (and their topics) were: Dr Andrew J. Saxon (methadone and buprenorphine for treatment of opioid addiction and human immunodeficiency virus risk reduction); Dr Walter Ling (opioid antagonist treatment for opioid addiction); and Dr Betty Tai (chronic care model for substance use disorder). Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Special Issue On The International Conference On Global Health,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Special Issue On The International Conference On Global Health, W.-T. Chiu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
[No abstract available]
Extracts Of The Medicinal Herb Sanguisorba Officinalis Inhibit The Entry Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extracts Of The Medicinal Herb Sanguisorba Officinalis Inhibit The Entry Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1, J. Liang, J. Chen, Z. Tan, J. Peng, X. Zheng, K. Nishiura, J. Ng, Z. Wang, D. Wang, Z. Chen, L. Liu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated morbidity and mortality since its introduction in 1996. However, it fails to eradicate HIV-1 infection. The high cost of life-long highly active antiretroviral therapy and the emergence of drug resistance among HIV-1-infected individuals have brought renewed pressure for the discovery of novel antivirals and alternative medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complementary and alternativemedicine, and serves as a rich resource for newdrug development. Despite the almost 100 plant-derived compounds that are in clinical trials, fewtargetHIV-1 infection. In this study,we discovered that Sanguisorba officinalis extract (SOE) …
Hiv Treatment As Prevention: The Key To An Aids-Free Generation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hiv Treatment As Prevention: The Key To An Aids-Free Generation, M.W. Hull, J.S.G. Montaner
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The presence of elevated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load within blood and genital secretions is a critical driver of transmission events. Long-term suppression of the viral load to undetectable levels through the use of antiretroviral therapy is standard practice for the clinical management of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy therefore can play a key role in curbing HIV transmission. The results of a randomized clinical trial and several observational studies have now confirmed that antiretroviral therapy markedly decreases the risk of HIV transmission. Mathematical models and population-based ecologic studies suggest that further expansion of antiretroviral coverage within current guidelines can play …
Pharmacogenomics Study In A Taiwanese Methadone Maintenance Cohort,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Pharmacogenomics Study In A Taiwanese Methadone Maintenance Cohort, S.-C. Wang, H.-H. Tsou, I.-K. Ho, K.-M. Lin, Y.-L. Liu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pharmacogenomics is the study of drug treatment responses in subgroups of patients on the basis of their genetic variants or genetic expression information. In 2006, the government of Taiwan launched a methadone maintenance treatment program, which is usually prescribed for patients with heroin dependence. In this study, 366 patients who had taken methadone continually in the previous 7 days were examined. Data from the Treatment Outcomes Profile (TOP), Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale (TESS) were obtained from the patients' report records. The genes CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19dwhich encode the liver …
Hiv: Seek, Test, Treat, And Retain,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hiv: Seek, Test, Treat, And Retain, J. Normand, J. Montaner, C.-T. Fang, Z. Wu, Y.-M. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The "HIV: Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain" session was chaired by Dr Jacques Normand, the director of AIDS Research at the US National Institute on Drug Abuse. Dr Yi-Ming Chen served as the discussant. The three presenters (and their presentation topics) were: Dr Julio Montaner (Treatment as PreventioneThe Key to an AIDS-free Generation), Dr Chi-Tai Fang (Population-level Effect of Free Access to HAART on Reducing HIV Transmission in Taiwan), and Dr Zunyou Wu (Challenges in Promoting HIV Test and Treat Strategy in China). Copyright 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Administration, Taiwan.
Family And Social Aspects Of Substance Use Disorders And Treatment,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Family And Social Aspects Of Substance Use Disorders And Treatment, D.C. Daley
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with numerous medical, psychiatric, psychological, spiritual, economic, social, family, and legal problems. These problems create a significant burden for the affected individuals, their families, and society. This paper focuses on the effects of SUDs on family and on social problems and emphasizes the need for clients in treatment to address these domains in their ongoing recovery. This paper also reviews individual, group, and family interventions that address these issues for clients with SUDs and their families. Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Addiction: Methadone And Buprenorphine,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Addiction: Methadone And Buprenorphine, A.J. Saxon, Y.-I. Hser, G. Woody, W. Ling
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Among agents for opioid addiction treatment, methadone is a full m-opioid receptor agonist, whereas buprenorphine is a partial agonist. Both are long-acting agents. Buprenorphine has a superior safety profile. Methadone is formulated for oral administration and buprenorphine is formulated for sublingual administration. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering for approval a subdermal buprenorphine implant that has a six-month duration of action. Both medications reduce mortality rates and improve other outcomes. Data from a recent randomized, controlled comparison study (N = 1269) of bothmedications show better treatment retention with methadone, but reduced illicit opioid use early in treatment with …
