Application Of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Uv Detection To Quantification Of Clenbuterol In Bovine Liver Samples,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Application Of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Uv Detection To Quantification Of Clenbuterol In Bovine Liver Samples, F. Morales-Trejo, S.V.-Y. León, A. Escobar-Medina, R. Gutierrez-Tolentino
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A method for the determination of clenbuterol (CLB) concentration in bovine liver by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was developed. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and isopropanol, followed by HPLC analysis. A reverse-phase column C18 was used, with a UV detector at 214 nm and 0.05 M NaH2PO4(pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The accuracy of the analytical method was estimated by spiking bovine liver samples with three different concentrations of CLB (5.24 ng/g, 20.98 ng/g, and 41.96 ng/g) and recovery of 111.7%, 82.0%, and 84.8%, respectively, was obtained. The precision of the method …
Integration Of Simca And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Rapid And Precise Identification Of Herbal Medicines,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Integration Of Simca And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Rapid And Precise Identification Of Herbal Medicines, I.-C. Yang, C.-Y. Tsai, K.-W. Hsieh, C.-W. Yang, F. Ouyang, Y.M. Lo, S. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The recognition, control, and monitoring of herbal medicinal materials is a crucial work and challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, the development of a rapid and accurate inspection method and model is an important goal and job. The raw materials of a variety of herbal medicines were measured using nondestructive near-infrared spectroscopy with soft independent modeling of class analogy to build up the classification model. The adulterated samples could be eliminated by the analysis of the model, and identification rates were demonstrated in the range of 98-100%. The method could be applied not only to the pharmaceutical industry but also …
Volatile Constituents Detected In Smoke Condensates From The Combination Of The Smoking Ingredients Sucrose, Black Tea Leaves, And Bread Flour,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Volatile Constituents Detected In Smoke Condensates From The Combination Of The Smoking Ingredients Sucrose, Black Tea Leaves, And Bread Flour, W.-C. Sung
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Smoke condensates from three major smoking ingredients used for traditional Chinese smoked large yellow croaker and chicken-black tea leaves, bread flour, and cane sugar-were obtained in a laboratory. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the three smoking ingredients in the volatile compounds of smoke condensates. Seven main peaks were detected using chemical standards and 73 compounds were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for smoke condensates. The smoke condensate from three mixed ingredients contains a high percentage of furfural (46.08% area), 5-methyl-2- furancarboxaldehyde (16.92% area), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (4.17% area), and caffeine (11.86% area) in …
The Effect Of A Computerized Pediatric Dosing Decision Support System On Pediatric Dosing Errors,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Effect Of A Computerized Pediatric Dosing Decision Support System On Pediatric Dosing Errors, J.-Y. Hou, K.-J. Cheng, K.-J. Bai, H.-Y. Chen, W.-H. Wu, Y.-M. Lin, M.-T.M. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Children are more susceptible to medication errors because of differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics compared to adults. Weight changes are common with growth in children and computer systems frequently are not updated with current information, which result in inaccurate weight-based dosing and thus harm children. This study evaluated the impact of a Computerized Physician Order Entry system with standardized pediatric dosing decision support (PDDS) function on reducing pediatric dosing errors. Outpatient prescriptions were analyzed from January to March during 2010 and 2011. The total number of pediatric prescriptions was 72,431 and 80,532 prior to and after system implementation, respectively. Out …
Determination Of Doxorubicin In Pharmaceutical Preparation And Rat Plasma With Luminol-K3fe(Cn)6 Chemiluminescence System,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Doxorubicin In Pharmaceutical Preparation And Rat Plasma With Luminol-K3fe(Cn)6 Chemiluminescence System, H.-C. Yao, E.-J. Xu, W.-Y. Zeng, X.-Y. Zeng, M. Zhang, J. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A novel and rapid flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method was established for the determination of doxorubicin, which was based on the phenomenon that CL intensity of the reaction between K3Fe(CN) 6 and luminol in alkaline solution could be strongly enhanced by doxorubicin. Under optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity of the system was linear with the concentration of doxorubicin in the range from 2.0 × 10-9 g/mL to 5.0 × 10-7 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 (n = 9). The detection limit (3a) was 4.25 × 10 -10 g/mL, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 1.0 × …
Corrigendum To Determination Of Serum Atorvastatin Concentrations In Lipid-Controlling Patients With And Without Myalgia Syndrome (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2013) 21 (147-153)),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Corrigendum To Determination Of Serum Atorvastatin Concentrations In Lipid-Controlling Patients With And Without Myalgia Syndrome (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis (2013) 21 (147-153)), Y.-C. Chou, Y.-K. Wang, M.-J. Charng, Y.-F. Ueng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
[No abstract available]
Studies On The Quality And Flavor Of Ponkan (Citrus Poonensis Hort.) Wines Fermented By Different Yeasts,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Studies On The Quality And Flavor Of Ponkan (Citrus Poonensis Hort.) Wines Fermented By Different Yeasts, J.-S. Lee, C.-Y. Chang, T.-H. Yu, S.-T. Lai, L.-Y. Lin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ponkan (Citrus poonensis hort.) juice and ponkan pulp were used as raw materials for the production of ponkan wines fermented with six different strains of Saccharomyces cereuisiae. We found that ponkan wines fermented with S. cereuisiae BCRC 22332 and commercial yeast HF-08 had higher alcohol contents (10.70-11.86%), lower contents of residual sugar (0.64-1.14%), lower degrees of browning (OD42o = 0.20-0.34), higher clarity (OD660 = 0.07-0.17), and higher sensory scores (5.15-6.25 points). Flavor analysis revealed that, in addition to the citrus flavor characters of α-pipene, limonene, and α-terpineol, ponkan wine contained the yeast-generated characteristic aromatic components of isoamyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, …
Investigation On The Trend Of Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks In Taiwan (1991-2010),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Investigation On The Trend Of Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks In Taiwan (1991-2010), W.-C. Cheng, C.-W. Kuo, T.-Y. Chi, L.-C. Lin, C.-H. Lee, R.-L. Feng, S.-J. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This article summarizes the results of 20 years (1991-2010) of investigation on food-borne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) collected by the Food and Drug Administration of the Department of Health in Taiwan. Among the 4284 FBDOs (82,342 cases) reported, the average annual number of 285 outbreaks during 2001-2010 was substantially greater than the average annual number of 143 outbreaks reported during 1991-2000. The average number of 15.5 cases per outbreak in 2001-2010 was lower than that in 1991-2000, which is 28.5 cases per outbreak. Small-scale FBDOs increased during 2001-2010. Good hygiene practices should be carried out at food service establishments and school …
Authenticating The Use Of Dried Seahorses In The Traditional Chinese Medicine Market In Taiwan Using Molecular Forensics,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Authenticating The Use Of Dried Seahorses In The Traditional Chinese Medicine Market In Taiwan Using Molecular Forensics, C.-H. Chang, N.-H. Jang-Liaw, Y.-S. Lin, Y.-C. Fang, K.-T. Shao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Seahorse, which has a unique appearance and exhibits male pregnancy, is a useful component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the growing demand for TCM, vast amounts of seahorses are harvested from the wild every year and traded internationally. This study investigated 58 dried seahorse samples collected from 23 Chinese herbal medicine stores across Taiwan using molecular forensics. Results showed that eight seahorse species were present in the Taiwan TCM market. Among them, Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis) has an endangered status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, while the West African seahorse (Hippocampus algiricus), …
Survey Of Aflatoxin Contamination In Peanut Products In Taiwan From 1997 To 2011,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Survey Of Aflatoxin Contamination In Peanut Products In Taiwan From 1997 To 2011, Y.-C. Chen, C.-D. Liao, H.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Chiueh, D.Y.-C. Shih
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Aflatoxins are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds that contaminate various types of foods and feedstuffs. The aflatoxin levels in various kinds of peanut products in Taiwan were surveyed during the recent decade. A total of 1827 commercial peanut products were collected from different regions of Taiwan from 1997 to 2011. The samples were cleaned by immunoaffinity columns and analyzed for aflatoxins B1, B2, G 1, and G2 by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Aflatoxins were detected in 32.7% of samples with levels ranging from 0.2 μg/kg to 513.4 ng/kg. Peanut butter had the highest aflatoxin-positive incidence, followed by peanut …
The Antioxidant And Cytoprotective Activity Of, Ocimum Gratissimum Extracts Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity In Human Hepg2 Cells,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Antioxidant And Cytoprotective Activity Of, Ocimum Gratissimum Extracts Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity In Human Hepg2 Cells, Y.-W. Chiu, H.-J. Lo, H.-Y. Huang, P.-Y. Chao, J.-M. Hwang, P.-Y. Huang, S.-J. Huang, J.-Y. Liu, T.-J. Lai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ocimum gratissimum is used as a traditional folk medicine in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of an aqueous 0. gratissimum extract (OGE) and to evaluate its cytoprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in human HepG2 cells. The results revealed that the total phenolic content of the OGE reached 20%. In the 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the OGE reduced up to 80% of the free radicals at a plateau concentration of 66.7 μg/mL. This indicates that OGE contains considerable free radical scavenging activity. In a dose-dependent manner, OGE pretreatment counteracted the decrease in cell …
Coconut Kernel Protein In Diet Protects The Heart By Beneficially Modulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, And Nuclear Factor-Kappab Expressions In Experimental Myocardial Infarction,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Coconut Kernel Protein In Diet Protects The Heart By Beneficially Modulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, And Nuclear Factor-Kappab Expressions In Experimental Myocardial Infarction, S. Remya, A.M. Chikku, R.S. Renjith, S. Arunima, T. Rajamohan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Previous studies conducted in our laboratory revealed that coconut kernel protein has a significant cardioprotective effect on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. In the present study, we explored the possible protective mechanism of coconut kernel protein during acute myocardial infarction. Coconut kernel protein (50 mg/100 g) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats orally for 45 days. Isoproterenol (20 mg/100 g) was injected subcutaneously at an interval of 24 hours twice to induce myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was confirmed by the abnormal activities of cardiac marker enzymes in serum. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were decreased …
A Review On The Response And Management Of The Plasticizer-Tainted Food Incident In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Review On The Response And Management Of The Plasticizer-Tainted Food Incident In Taiwan, Y.-H. Chen, S.-C. Fu, J.-K. Huang, H.-F. Cheng, J.-J. Kang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
While conducting an inspection project on counterfeit drugs in 2011, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discovered a probiotic product that was contaminated with the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). After a thorough investigation, it was confirmed that the plasticizer had been deliberately added to the clouding agent as a substitute for an emulsifier. The illegal use of DEHP contaminated a broad range of foods and nutraceutical products. Subsequent investigation revealed that another plasticizer, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), was also used. Some contaminated food and beverages had already been exported abroad. This caused panic in the public in Taiwan and drew …
Quantification Of Bioactive Gentiopicroside In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quantification Of Bioactive Gentiopicroside In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Y.-K. Chuang, S. Chen, Y.M. Lo, I.-C. Yang, Y.-F. Cheng, C.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Tsai, R.-M. Hsieh, K.-H. Wang, C.-C. Lai, W.-C. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was employed to perform a quantitative analysis of gentiopicroside, the bioactive component of the medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bunge. Modified partial least squares regression (MPLSR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) calibration models were built using 94 plant tissue culture samples and 136 grown plant samples, respectively, over the full wavelength range (400-2498 nm) and the silicon charge-coupled-device (CCD) sensing band (400-1098 nm). For tissue culture, the smoothing, first-derivative MPLSR model can produce the best effect [calibration set (Rc) = 0.868, standard error of calibration (SEC) = 0.606%, standard error of validation (SEV) = 0.862%] in …
Photoproducts Of Indomethacin Exhibit Decreased Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging And Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Photoproducts Of Indomethacin Exhibit Decreased Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging And Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities, G.-S. Lien, C.-S. Chen, W.-Y. Chen, S.-H. Huang, K.-T. Cheng, C.-M. Lin, S.-H. Chao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Indomethacin (IN) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, four photoproducts of IN (IN1-IN4) were produced and isolated from photoirradiated IN. This study investigated the abilities of IN and its photoproducts to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO). The hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity was measured in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a spin trapping agent. Enzyme activity was measured by continuous monitoring of uric acid formation, using xanthine as a substrate. The results showed that, among all the related products, IN has the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging (IC 50 = 65 μM) and …
Significance Of Regulation Limits In Mycotoxin Contamination In Asia And Risk Management Programs At The National Level,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Significance Of Regulation Limits In Mycotoxin Contamination In Asia And Risk Management Programs At The National Level, N. Anukul, K. Vangnai, W. Mahakarnchandkul
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites produced from toxigenic fungi recognized as major food and feed contaminants. They are a source of grave concern in food contamination, resulting in mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. To date, many regulations on the allowable levels of each mycotoxin have been established in several countries. Consumers and food producers expect that toxin contamination in food and feed, based on government regulations and guideline levels, should have no adverse consequences on human and animal health. This review is an extension of the discussions during the international seminar entitled Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Mycotoxins/or Food …
Beyond-Use Date Of Extemporaneous Morphine Hydrochloride Oral Solution,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Beyond-Use Date Of Extemporaneous Morphine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, C.-Y. Lin, L.-J. Shen, C.-F. Huang, H.-L. Yang, Y.-J. Chen, F.-L.L. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hospital pharmacists prepare morphine oral solution extemporaneously in Taiwan because of the unavailability of commercial products. According to the United States Pharmacopeia 〈795〈, extemporaneous oral solution has an expiration of 14 days if there is no stability test data. However, outpatients usually need 4-week medications. The purpose of this study was to determine the beyond-use date of extemporaneous morphine hydrochloride (HCl) oral solution. Extemporaneous 0.1% morphine HCl oral solutions were prepared in an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 8 compounding room, and bottled in 500-mL high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with polypropylene caps. Twelve bottles were divided into 2 groups …
Systemic And Brain Bioavailabilities Of D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa, A Sustained Dopamine-Releasing Prodrug,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Systemic And Brain Bioavailabilities Of D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa, A Sustained Dopamine-Releasing Prodrug, C.-L. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, S.-E. Lee, J.-F. Lian, J.-P. Liou, H.-P. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa (D-PhG-L-Dopa), designed as a dipeptide mimetic prodrug of dopamine, has been proven to have 31-fold higher oral bioavailability than L-Dopa in rats. To further investigate if this dipeptide enters the brain, a single-dose pharmacokinetic study by i.v. administration, in comparison with L-Dopa, was conducted to monitor brain availability. The dopamine level in the brain was also determined. The results indicated that both D-PhG-L-Dopa and L-Dopa entered the brain rapidly (Tmax 1 minute) with similar degrees of penetration (AUCbrain/AUCplasma 8.83% vs. 7.61%). As D-PhG-L-Dopa had higher systemic exposure than L-Dopa (AUC plasma 23.79 μmol·min/mL vs. 12.09 μmol·min/mL), it thus had …
Evaluation Of Das™ Kits For The Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens In Chicken- And Meat-Based Street-Vended Foods,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Evaluation Of Das™ Kits For The Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens In Chicken- And Meat-Based Street-Vended Foods, L.S. Manguiat, T.J. Fang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The PCR-based method has gained acceptability as an alternative method for assessing the microbial safety of foods. In this study, the performance of PCR-based DNA Amplification System™ (DAS™) detection kits, namely, E. coli DAS™, S. aureus DAS™, E. coli O157:H7 DAS™ and Salmonella DAS™, were compared with reference methods in detecting the pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in 130 naturally- and artificially-contaminated chicken and meat-based grilled and fried street food samples. E. coli DAS™ displayed very good agreement with the reference method with a kappa value of 0.92 in chicken-based samples. S. aureus DAS™ …
Correlations Of The Components Of Tea Tree Oil With Its Antibacterial Effects And Skin Irritation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Correlations Of The Components Of Tea Tree Oil With Its Antibacterial Effects And Skin Irritation, C.-J. Lee, L.-W. Chen, L.-G. Chen, T.-L. Chang, C.-W. Huang, M.-C. Huang, C.-C. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia L., is one of the most popular agents used in cosmetics. This study aimed to explore the correlations of components in TTO with its anti-acne activities and skin irritation. TTOs were isolated from the leaves (TTO-L), twigs, and branches of M. alternifolia by steam distillation, and the components analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that components of TTO-L satisfied the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4730 guidelines. TTO-L and its components, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, and α-terpineol, had strong inhibitory activities against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, six TTO …
