The Genetics Of Being A Lightweight: Tipsy Genes,
2018
Kenyon College
The Genetics Of Being A Lightweight: Tipsy Genes, Jessica Khrakovski
Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition
No abstract provided.
Tired Tremors: Parkinson's And Sleep Disturbances,
2018
Kenyon College
Tired Tremors: Parkinson's And Sleep Disturbances, Julia Wilson
Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition
No abstract provided.
Nothing Tastes As Good As Skinny Feels: Unmasking The Neurobiological Basis Of Anorexia,
2018
Kenyon College
Nothing Tastes As Good As Skinny Feels: Unmasking The Neurobiological Basis Of Anorexia, Louise Yang
Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition
No abstract provided.
Tasting The Rainbow: Perception, Hallucination, Act Of God, Or Just Plain Crazy?,
2018
Kenyon College
Tasting The Rainbow: Perception, Hallucination, Act Of God, Or Just Plain Crazy?, Olivia Depalo
Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition
No abstract provided.
How To Read: A Written Guide,
2018
Kenyon College
How To Read: A Written Guide, Ben Tauber
Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition
No abstract provided.
Genetic Testing Practices Of Genetic Counselors, Geneticists, And Pediatric Neurologists With Regard To Childhood-Onset Neurogenetic Conditions,
2018
The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Genetic Testing Practices Of Genetic Counselors, Geneticists, And Pediatric Neurologists With Regard To Childhood-Onset Neurogenetic Conditions, Sara Wofford
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Identifying genetic diagnoses for neurological conditions with a considerable hereditary component, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and epilepsy, is critical to providing proper medical management for these patients and their families. However, many patients with these conditions are not tested appropriately or receive no genetic testing at all. The current study was designed to characterize the genetic testing practices of the providers most likely to evaluate or order genetic testing for these patients: pediatric neurologists, geneticists, and genetic counselors. The study noted significant variance between the testing strategies selected by pediatric neurologists compared to those of geneticists …
A Role Of Vitamin B2 In Reducing Amyloid-Beta Toxicity In A Caenorhabditis Elegans Alzheimer’S Disease Model,
2018
East Tennessee State University
A Role Of Vitamin B2 In Reducing Amyloid-Beta Toxicity In A Caenorhabditis Elegans Alzheimer’S Disease Model, Muhammad Tukur Ameen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with amyloid-beta peptide deposition and loss of mitochondrial function. Using a transgenic C. elegans AD worm model expressing amyloid-beta in body wall muscle, we determined that supplementation with either of the forms of vitamin B2, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) protected against amyloid-beta mediated paralysis. FMN and FAD were then assayed to determine effects on ATP, oxygen consumption, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with these compounds not significantly improving any of these mitochondrial bioenergetic functions. Knockdown of the daf-16/FOXO transcriptional regulator or the FAD synthase enzyme completely abrogated the …
Arsenic Toxicity And Mitochondrial Metabolism In Astrocytes,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Arsenic Toxicity And Mitochondrial Metabolism In Astrocytes, Reilly Grealish
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
The various cells that support neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are known collectively as neuroglia, or glia. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell found exclusively in the central nervous system (i.e. the brain and spinal cord), are particularly abundant and serve many functions. One of the most important is the role these cells play in the brain as a defense against harmful substances, many of which can be found in the environment and make their way into the human body as xenobiotic substances. Elemental arsenic in its inorganic form occurs naturally throughout the Earth’s crust, but …
Functional And Structural Impact Of The Loss Of The Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Lrit1 In The Mouse Retina.,
2018
University of Louisville
Functional And Structural Impact Of The Loss Of The Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Lrit1 In The Mouse Retina., Catherine Ann Cobb
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mutations in genes encoding the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins nyctalopin and LRIT3 lead to complete congenital stationary night blindness because they are critical to depolarizing bipolar cell function in the retina. LRIT3 has two closely related family members, LRIT1 and LRIT2. In silico analyses of publicly available RNA-Seq data showed that Lrit1 was highly expressed in the retina. Here I describe the expression pattern and impact of loss of LRIT1 on retinal function. To enable these studies, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create an Lrit1-/- mouse line. Retinal morphology and morphometry analyses showed no gross changes in retinal structure …
Non-Canonical Activation Of Creb/Crh-1 Mediates Neuroprotection In A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model Of Excitotoxic Necrosis,
2018
CUNY Graduate Center
Non-Canonical Activation Of Creb/Crh-1 Mediates Neuroprotection In A Caenorhabditis Elegans Model Of Excitotoxic Necrosis, K. Genevieve Feldmann
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Excitotoxicity, which is a major cause of neurodegeneration in brain ischemia, can also activate neuroprotective pathways. A frequently suggested neuroprotective cascade involves the activation of the transcription factor CREB by its phosphorylation, but on its own this mode of CREB activation is promiscuous. We aim to elucidate the specific mechanism of CREB activation in excitotoxicity-induced neuroprotection, focusing on three suggested models: CREB phosphorylation by calcium-activated kinases in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and the activation of CREB by CRTC (an important cofactor). Using a C. elegans model of excitotoxicity, we demonstrate that CREB’s neuroprotective effect is mainly seen in neurons exposed …
Event-Related Potential Studies Of Error Monitoring To Affective And Non-Affective Stimuli In Adolescents And Emerging Adults,
2018
CUNY Graduate Center
Event-Related Potential Studies Of Error Monitoring To Affective And Non-Affective Stimuli In Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Rebecca K. Reed
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
It is hypothesized that prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function may be still under development in adolescents. As the generator of the error-related negativity (ERN) and the N2, the ACC is expected to be sensitive to the degree of development with age. In adults, these top-down control areas ideally serve to direct attention to goal-relevant information, which can increase the likelihood of making a correct choice, even in fast-response laboratory based tasks. However, adolescents may show increased susceptibility in these top-down control areas when the stimulus is social and emotional. In the first study, event-related potentials were …
Combining Microdialysis And Electrophysiology In Cerebral Cortex To Delineate Functional Implications Of Acetylcholine Gradients,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Combining Microdialysis And Electrophysiology In Cerebral Cortex To Delineate Functional Implications Of Acetylcholine Gradients, Tazima Nur
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The neuronal network in cerebral cortex is a dynamic system that can undergo changes in collective neural activity as the organism changes its behavior. For example, during sleep and quiet restful awake state, many neurons tend to fire together in synchrony. In contrast, during alert awake states, firing patterns of neurons tend to be more asynchronous, firing more independently. These changes in population-level synchrony are defined as changes in cortical state. Response to sensory input is state-dependent, i.e., change in cortical state can impact the sensory information processing in cortex and introduce trial-to-trial variability in response to the same repeated …
Examining The Appropriate Recovery Interval Following Maximal Exertion For Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Testing (Cnt),
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Examining The Appropriate Recovery Interval Following Maximal Exertion For Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Testing (Cnt), Samantha Mohler
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Background: Computerized neurocognitive testing is part of the recommended multi-faceted approach to SRC assessment. Prior research has suggested that maximal exertion negatively effects CNT test scores. Purpose: To identify the appropriate timing of the administration of CNT following maximal exertion in healthy college-aged students. Study Design: Random cross-over, repeated measures design. Methods: Participants will be administered CNT on four different visits, with at least one week between administrations. A VO2 max treadmill test will be performed before CNT administration during three of the four trials. Following the VO2 max test, participants will rest for <2 minutes (immediate), 10-minutes, or 20-minutes before taking CNT. The fourth trial, without maximal exertion preceding CNT administration, will serve as the control. All trials will be randomly-counterbalanced to negate practice effects. RESULTS: There was a significant within-subjects effect for prescribed post-exertion recovery intervals on total symptom scores (Wilks λ = .62, F [3, 23] = 4.64, p = .01, η2= .38). Total symptom scores were significantly higher at the immediate (p < .002), 10-minutes (p = .018), and 20-minutes (p = .011) post-exertion recovery intervals compared to baseline. Additionally, a significantly positive within-subjects effect for prescribed post exertion recovery was observed for processing speed (p=.009, Wilks λ = .60, F [3, 27] = 5.9, η2 = .396). No significant effect was observed for visual memory (p = .07), verbal memory (p = .06), or reaction time (p = .40). CONCLUSION: Baseline symptom scores were negatively influenced processing speed was enhanced by maximal exertion. These changes continue to be elevated 20 minutes post-exertion. Moreover, cognitive performance was not significantly impaired following maximal exercise. To obtain more accurate baseline symptom scores, and allow processing speed composites to return to normal, sports medicine professionals should wait at least 20 minutes following maximal exertion before administering CNT.
Examining The Relationship Between State Anxiety And Vestibular And Ocular Motor Impairments And Symptoms In High School Athletes With Concussion,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Examining The Relationship Between State Anxiety And Vestibular And Ocular Motor Impairments And Symptoms In High School Athletes With Concussion, Mallory Kathleen Mcelroy
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Anxiety has been associated with vestibular and ocular motor impairment in the general population. However, there is limited research regarding the connection between the vestibular and ocular motor systems and anxiety following sport-related concussion (SRC). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare state anxiety between concussed adolescent male and female athletes with and without vestibular and ocular motor impairments and symptoms. DESIGN: Prospective, repeated measures SUBJECTS: Thirty adolescent athletes between the ages of 15-18 years, diagnosed with a SRC completed the STAI-State at initial and medical clearance clinical visit. These adolescent athletes were categorized into vestibular and ocular …
The Role Of Oxidative Stress And Signal Transduction In Chemotherapy-Mediated Cognitive Impairment In The Menopause Rat Model,
2018
CUNY Graduate Center
The Role Of Oxidative Stress And Signal Transduction In Chemotherapy-Mediated Cognitive Impairment In The Menopause Rat Model, Ciara Bagnall
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Systemic chemotherapy treatment is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors. While many studies have established the forms of cognition and corresponding regions in the brain most affected, very little is revealed about the potential molecular mechanisms that mediate these changes. The effects of systemic treatment on the brain is likely attributed to many different mechanisms including oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. Earlier studies from our lab have investigated the effects of the chemotherapy cocktail doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC Chemotherapy) in an ovariectomized menopause animal model of ‘chemo brain’ (Salas-Ramirez et al., 2015). We observed that animals injected …
The Combined Neuropharmacology And Toxicology Of Major 'Bath Salts' Constituents Mdpv, Mephedrone, And Methylone,
2018
East Tennessee State University
The Combined Neuropharmacology And Toxicology Of Major 'Bath Salts' Constituents Mdpv, Mephedrone, And Methylone, Serena Allen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The synthetic cathinones, 3,4- methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), and 3,4- methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone), gained worldwide notoriety as the psychoactive components of ‘bath salts;’ a marketing term used to circumvent federal drug laws and permit their legal sale. Previous studies have shown that these drugs share pharmacological characteristics with cocaine and the amphetamines, however, descriptions of their neurotoxic properties are limited. Moreover, while forensic analysis has revealed that the most frequently abused bath salts ‘brands’ contain binary and ternary mixtures of MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone, the majority of preclinical research has focused on explicating the individual effects of these drugs. Therefore, the …
The Effects Of Long-Term Treadmill Exercise Training On Amyloid-Beta Plaque Levels And Behavioral Profile In 15-Month Tg2576 Mice,
2018
Missouri State University
The Effects Of Long-Term Treadmill Exercise Training On Amyloid-Beta Plaque Levels And Behavioral Profile In 15-Month Tg2576 Mice, Riya R. Thomas
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function. The causative factors of this disease include modifications in neuronal cell metabolism, such as the progression of neurotic injury by amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau tangle deposition in the brain. Recent studies show that brain atrophy and other pathologic conditions are responsible for dementia in older individuals (80 years of age or older). Non-pharmacological interventions may have a role in both the prevention and slowing disease progression in AD. The role of exercise training in disease prevention has been evaluated in …
Function Of The Posterior Laryngeal Constrictor In The Túngara Frog (Engystomops Pustulosus),
2018
University of the Pacific
Function Of The Posterior Laryngeal Constrictor In The Túngara Frog (Engystomops Pustulosus), Ashna Rahman Haque, Marcos Gridi-Papp
Pacific Research & Scholarship Day
No abstract provided.
Ketogenic Diet Enhances Neurovascular Function With Altered Gut Microbiome In Young Healthy Mice,
2018
University of Kentucky
Ketogenic Diet Enhances Neurovascular Function With Altered Gut Microbiome In Young Healthy Mice, David Ma, Amy C. Wang, Ishita Parikh, Stefan J. Green, Jared D. Hoffman, George Chlipala, M. Paul Murphy, Brent S. Sokola, Björn Bauer, Anika M. S. Hartz, Ai-Ling Lin
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications
Neurovascular integrity, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, plays a major role in determining cognitive capability. Recent studies suggest that neurovascular integrity could be regulated by the gut microbiome. The purpose of the study was to identify if ketogenic diet (KD) intervention would alter gut microbiome and enhance neurovascular functions, and thus reduce risk for neurodegeneration in young healthy mice (12–14 weeks old). Here we show that with 16 weeks of KD, mice had significant increases in CBF and P-glycoprotein transports on BBB to facilitate clearance of amyloid-beta, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These neurovascular …
Reconstitution Of Gabaergic Postsynapses In Host Cells,
2018
University of Connecticut
Reconstitution Of Gabaergic Postsynapses In Host Cells, Karthik Kanamalla
Honors Scholar Theses
Type A GABA receptors (GABAARs) can be found embedded in postsynaptic membranes or in a variety of extrasynaptic locations. Receptors with synaptic function are recruited to the postsynapse by submembranous scaffolds composed of gephyrin and collybistin (CB). This study was aimed at assessing whether the ability to interact with the scaffold differentiates synaptic from non-synaptic receptors. Using HEK293 cells as an expression system, and indirect immunofluorescence (IF), co-localization of extrasynaptic receptors α1β3δ and α4β3δ with the CB-gephyrin scaffold was assessed and compared with that of the synaptic receptor α1β3γ2. Results indicated that both extrasynaptic receptors were able to colocalize with …
