University of Helsinki
DePaul University
McGill University
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Liberty University
Northern Michigan University
The University of Western Ontario
Medical University of South Carolina
Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine
Gap Junctions And Synchronization Clusters In The Thalamic Reticular Nuclei,
2023
State University of New York at New Paltz
Gap Junctions And Synchronization Clusters In The Thalamic Reticular Nuclei, Anca R. Radulescu, Michael Anderson
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Physiological Rationale For Fixation Eye-Movements,
2023
Graduate Center for Vision Research, State University of New York
Physiological Rationale For Fixation Eye-Movements, Qasim Zaidi
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Task-Driven Influences On Fixational Eye Movements,
2023
Weill Cornell Medical College
Task-Driven Influences On Fixational Eye Movements, Jonathan Victor, Yen-Chu Lin, Michele Rucci
MODVIS Workshop
There is now compelling evidence that the spatiotemporal remapping carried out by fixational eye movements (FEMs) is an essential step in visual processing. Moreover, the overall Brownian-like statistics of FEMs are calibrated to map fine spatial detail into the temporal frequency range to which retinal circuitry is tuned. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the detailed spatial characteristics of FEMs can be adjusted to task demands via cognitive influences that operate even in the absence of a visual stimulus. We examined FEMs in a task that required subjects (N=6) to report which of two letters was displayed. Trials were blocked; …
Active Encoding Of Space Through Time,
2023
University of Rochester
Active Encoding Of Space Through Time, Michele Rucci, Jonathan D. Victor
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Consciousness, Evolution, And The Self-Organizing Brain,
2023
California Institute of Integral Studies
Consciousness, Evolution, And The Self-Organizing Brain, Karen Seymour
Journal of Conscious Evolution
While evolution is guided by natural selection, it is internally driven by self-organizing processes. The brain encompasses these complementary forces and dynamics of evolution in both its structure and dynamics by embodying a historical record of the factors that have shaped it throughout its evolutionary past, as well as by being shaped by selective parameters in real time. Self-organization is evident in not only the brain’s structure and form, but also in the processes that support consciousness. From the convergence of complex structure and the novelty-generating dynamics of chaos that both characterize the brain arises the experience of explicit consciousness, …
The Genomics Of Autism-Related Genes Il1rapl1 And Il1rapl2: Insights Into Their Cortical Distribution, Cell-Type Specificity, And Developmental Trajectories,
2023
Medical University of South Carolina
The Genomics Of Autism-Related Genes Il1rapl1 And Il1rapl2: Insights Into Their Cortical Distribution, Cell-Type Specificity, And Developmental Trajectories, Jacob Weaver
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Neuropsychiatric disorders have a significant impact on modern society. These disorders affect a large percentage of the population: schizophrenia has a world-wide prevalence of 1% and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affects 1 in 59 school-aged children in the US. There is substantial evidence that most neuropsychiatric disorders have a genetic component. Thus, with the advent of high throughput sequencing much effort has gone into identifying genetic variants associated with these disorders. The emerging picture from these studies is a complex one where hundreds of genes with small effects interact with a varied landscape of common variants to result in disease. …
Reversible Emerging Neuropsychological Pattern In Chronic Intractable Migraine,
2023
Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine
Reversible Emerging Neuropsychological Pattern In Chronic Intractable Migraine, Tanner Williford, Pooja Chemiti, Mason Allen, Brandon Burrell, Stephanie Chavez, Jude Emego, Bridger Gunter, Matthew Huertas, Matthew Jennings, Roshni Jogin, Paulo Kelly, Laura Minor, Steven Salazar, Jameson Williams, David W. Sant, John A. Kriak, Kyle B. Bills
Annual Research Symposium
No abstract provided.
Quantifying Psychostimulant-Induced
Sensitization Effects On Dopamine And
Acetylcholine Release Across Different
Timescales,
2023
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Quantifying Psychostimulant-Induced Sensitization Effects On Dopamine And Acetylcholine Release Across Different Timescales, Georg Lange
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Drug-induced behavioral sensitization describes the phenomenon that behavioral response to a drug of abuse is getting stronger if the same psychostimulant is delivered multiple times which is much more pronounced if done in the same environmental context. A proposed neural basis is the formation of an association between contextual cues and the rewarding drug which is mediated by dopamine. Dopamine operates at different timescales and to fully understand dopamine sensitization, it is necessary to investigate dopamine release at slow (tens of minutes) but also faster (sub-second) timescales. But creating a holistic view has been difficult due to a lack of …
The Sensory Properties Of The Fast Visuomotor System,
2023
The University of Western Ontario
The Sensory Properties Of The Fast Visuomotor System, Rebecca Kozak
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The brain has a remarkable capacity to rapidly transform vision into action, which allows us to initiate reaches towards targets within fractions of a second. Despite being fundamental to our interaction with a dynamic environment, these fast visuomotor transformations and their underlying neural substrates are poorly understood. This gap in the literature is further exacerbated by the unreliable presence of rapid visuomotor responses on the upper limb, likely due to the use of less optimal stimuli and paradigms. My thesis explores the stimulus properties which best evoke short latency reaction times and electromyographic responses during visually guided reaching, their application …
Rhythmic Behaviors: Understanding Neuromodulation At The Neuromuscular Level,
2023
Bowdoin College
Rhythmic Behaviors: Understanding Neuromodulation At The Neuromuscular Level, Kenneth Garcia
Honors Projects
Neuromodulation allows for the flexibility of neural circuit dynamics and the outputs they produce. Studies of the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) have expanded our knowledge on the actions of neuromodulators, small molecules that most often activate G-protein coupled receptors and reconfigure circuit activity and composition. In these systems, modulation has been found to occur at every level, from sensory-motor coupling to neuromuscular transmission (Harris-Warrick and Marder 1991). Neuromodulators have complex effects on motor output; they can alter the firing of individual neurons while also modulating muscle properties, neuromuscular transmission, and sensory neuron response to muscle activity (Fort et al. 2004). …
Dietary Diversity Correlates With The Neuromodulatory Capacity Of The Stomatogastric Nervous System In Three Species Of Majoid Crabs,
2023
Bowdoin College
Dietary Diversity Correlates With The Neuromodulatory Capacity Of The Stomatogastric Nervous System In Three Species Of Majoid Crabs, Elise Martin
Honors Projects
This project sought to answer the following question: what is the relationship between the extent of neuromodulation in a nervous system, and the behavioral demands on that system? A well-characterized CPG neuronal circuit in decapod crustaceans, the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), was used as a model circuit to answer this question. The stomatogastric ganglion (STG) in the STNS is responsible for muscular contractions in the stomach that aid in digestion. It has been shown that the neural networks in the STG are subject to neuromodulation. One feature of neuromodulation is that it enables circuit flexibility, which confers upon a system …
Effects Of Picrotoxin Application On The Cardiac Ganglion Of The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus,
2023
Bowdoin College
Effects Of Picrotoxin Application On The Cardiac Ganglion Of The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, John T. Woolley
Honors Projects
Picrotoxin (PTX) has been employed extensively as a tool within the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) for its efficacy in blocking K+ and Cl+ currents gated by both GABA and glutamate. Through blocking some currents in the STNS, PTX allows for examination of other components without their presence. However, effects of PTX are relatively unknown within the lobster’s cardiac ganglion (CG). As an incredibly small nervous system of only nine neurons, the lobster CG presents an excellent model system for studying neural circuits. Given that the chemical synapses in the CG are mediated by glutamate, the present study …
Oral Contraceptives And Affective Disorders: Neurobiology And Informed Choice,
2023
Scripps College
Oral Contraceptives And Affective Disorders: Neurobiology And Informed Choice, Sophia Mae Drezner
Scripps Senior Theses
Pregnancy prevention and female reproductive freedom have been some of the most contested political issues for decades. Abortion, a fundamental part of women’s healthcare, divides liberals and conservatives on an international scale. The consequences of unintended pregnancy without safe and reliable contraception are widespread, disproportionately impacting women of color, trans and non-binary folks, and poorer communities. The birth control pill is the most common form of oral contraception (OC) globally. Many people with ovaries begin the pill or other hormonal contraceptive (HC) methods as young as 11 years old. Exogenous progesterone and estrogen are known to impact mood, affect, physiology, …
Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modelling Of Healthy Swallowing,
2023
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modelling Of Healthy Swallowing, Chris R. Tilton
Honors Theses and Capstones
A quantitative, voxel-wise meta-analysis was performed to investigate the brain regions involved in healthy human swallowing. Studies included in the meta-analysis (1) examined water swallowing, saliva swallowing, or both, (2) included healthy, normal subjects, and (3) reported stereotaxic brain activation coordinates in standard space. Following these criteria, a systematic literature review identified 8 studies that met the criteria. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling (MACM) analysis were performed with BrainMap software. Ten clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral precentral gyri, right insula, left declive, right medial frontal gyrus, right dorsal nucleus of …
Anatomical Analysis Of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Regeneration Via Glomerular Synaptic Activity Markers In Adult Mice,
2022
East Tennessee State University
Anatomical Analysis Of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Regeneration Via Glomerular Synaptic Activity Markers In Adult Mice, William Wamack
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The olfactory system is a great model for studying regeneration due to the olfactory epithelium’s regenerative capability which makes it a potential a source of neural stem cells. The olfactory epithelium presents three types of cells: sustentacular cells which provide support and act as glial supporting cells; olfactory sensory neurons that are in charge of detecting odorant molecules in the air; and the stem cells that generated the aforementioned cell types. Olfactory sensory neurons are constantly dying and being replaced by new neurons originating from the stem cells that lie at the base of the olfactory epithelium. We have used …
The Effects Of False Heartbeat Feedback On Moral Judgment,
2022
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
The Effects Of False Heartbeat Feedback On Moral Judgment, Scott Koenig
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Research on human morality is at a crossroads, with one side claiming that moral judgment is the result of rational inference and the other side claiming that it is the result of emotion-laden intuition. This study investigated whether emotion drives moral judgment by manipulating a core component of the experience of emotion: physiological arousal. The sample consisted of 77 undergraduate students at Brooklyn College (57% women, 43% men; mean age = 20.1). One group of participants was led to believe their heart was beating quickly, and another group slowly, while they read and evaluated a series of text vignettes depicting …
Aberrant Age-Related Alterations In Spontaneous Cortical Activity In Participants With Cerebral Palsy,
2022
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Aberrant Age-Related Alterations In Spontaneous Cortical Activity In Participants With Cerebral Palsy, Hannah Bergwell
Theses & Dissertations
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common neurodevelopmental motor disability, resulting in life-long sensory, perception and motor impairments. These impairments appear to drastically worsen with advancing age within the CP population, although the underlying neuro-physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we began to address this knowledge gap by utilizing magnetoencephalographic (MEG) to study how aging impacts the amplitude of spontaneous brain activity (i.e., resting state) in a cohort of 38 individuals with spastic diplegic CP (Age = 22.08 ± 10.46 years) and 67 neurotypical controls (NT) (Age = 19.56 ± 10.25 years). Participants completed an eyes-closed resting-state paradigm while undergoing …
Myeloarchitectonic Maps Of Cat Auditory Cortex,
2022
The University of Western Ontario
Myeloarchitectonic Maps Of Cat Auditory Cortex, Austin Robertson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The cerebral cortex contains myriad cortical areas that differ in structure, function, and connectivity. Current methods of delineating cortical structures and their subregions are insufficient for in vivo applications, either being highly invasive or requiring a detailed knowledge of a region’s tuning properties. To address this, we seek to establish a structural biomarker capable of delineating the cortex that possesses a non-invasive correlate. We explore myelin as a potential candidate by evaluating its efficacy in parcellating the feline auditory cortex through the generation of depthwise myelin density profiles for each of the 13 auditory cortical subregions. Our analyses revealed significant …
Validation Of The 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response As A Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Of Evoked Neural Synchrony,
2022
East Tennessee State University
Validation Of The 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response As A Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Of Evoked Neural Synchrony, Muhammad Ummear Raza
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a troubling and severe mental illness that is only incompletely treated by currently available drugs. New drug development is hindered by a scarcity of functionally relevant pharmacodynamic biomarkers that are translatable across preclinical and human subjects. Although psychosis is a major feature of schizophrenia, cognitive and negative symptoms determine the long-term functional outcomes for patients. Stimulus-evoked neural synchrony at gamma (~ 40 Hz) frequency plays an important role in the processing and integration of sensory information. Not surprisingly, schizophrenia patients show deficits in gamma oscillations. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation on fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons is deemed important for the …
Spatial Representation In Postrhinal Cortex,
2022
Dartmouth College
Spatial Representation In Postrhinal Cortex, Patrick Lachance
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Animals rely on a variety of internal and external cues to orient themselves when navigating their environments and determining their current spatial context. Information regarding these cues enters the brain from the navigator’s first-person perspective. Information of this type is considered to be egocentric, or self-centered. However, decades of behavioral, electrophysiological, and imaging research suggest that the brain contains a rich collection of spatial representations that are unrestricted by the animal’s first-person perspective, and instead are defined relative to the surrounding environment. These representations are considered allocentric, or world-centered. Despite an abundance of promising modeling work, the specific mechanisms by …
