An Eeg Study On Loneliness And Recognition Memory,
2020
Stephen F Austin State University
An Eeg Study On Loneliness And Recognition Memory, Carmen Jia Wen Chek
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Loneliness, the perception of unmet social needs, has been shown to relate to recollection-based recognition deficits, but the relationship between loneliness and recognition memory (i.e., recollection and familiarity) has not been thoroughly examined. The current study hypothesized that more lonely individuals would have lower recognition memory performance, specifically recollection, with smaller ERP parietal old-new effects than less lonely individuals. Forty participants, grouped into less (n = 13) and more (n = 9) lonely groups based on their R-UCLA responses, completed an associative memory task. EEG was used to assess recognition memory effects. Results showed no significant difference in …
The Trauma Of Head Injury,
2020
DePaul University
The Trauma Of Head Injury
DePaul Magazine
Thanks to the vision and leadership of Vincent de Paul Professor of Biological Sciences Dorothy Kozlowski, who has teamed with scientists and researchers across the country, DePaul is playing an instrumental role in advancing our understanding of the specific causes and e‑ffects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In collaboration with colleagues at DePaul partner institution Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Kozlowski developed a novel animal model to study the connection between repeat concussions and long-term health problems. Some of the research includes looking at learning and memory on the cellular level for those with Alzheimer’s and TBI, and …
Circuits With Broken Fibration Symmetries Perform Core Logic Computations In Biological Networks,
2020
CUNY City College
Circuits With Broken Fibration Symmetries Perform Core Logic Computations In Biological Networks, Ian Leifer, Flaviano Morone, Saulo D. S. Reis, José S. Andrade Jr., Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse
Publications and Research
We show that logic computational circuits in gene regulatory networks arise from a fibration symmetry breaking in the network structure. From this idea we implement a constructive procedure that reveals a hierarchy of genetic circuits, ubiquitous across species, that are surprising analogues to the emblematic circuits of solid-state electronics: starting from the transistor and progressing to ring oscillators, current-mirror circuits to toggle switches and flip-flops. These canonical variants serve fundamental operations of synchronization and clocks (in their symmetric states) and memory storage (in their broken symmetry states). These conclusions introduce a theoretically principled strategy to search for computational building blocks …
Barriers To Prenatal Care For Hispanic Immigrants In Utah County,
2020
Brigham Young University
Barriers To Prenatal Care For Hispanic Immigrants In Utah County, Maren Monson
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis examines four barriers that may inhibit Hispanic immigrant women from receiving care in Utah County, including language, insurance, documentation, and education. Six clinics in Utah County were contacted to determine how the services they provide account for these barriers. Nine Hispanic women were then interviewed about their experience with prenatal care in Utah County with respect to the four barriers. Interpretation services were offered by each clinic, though none of the women interviewed used professional interpretation—either their husbands translated, or they met with a Spanish-speaking doctor. Every clinic accepted insurance and Medicaid, while one clinic had a flexible …
Long-Term Impact Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries On Multiple Functional Outcomes And Epigenetics: A Pilot Study With College Students,
2020
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Long-Term Impact Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries On Multiple Functional Outcomes And Epigenetics: A Pilot Study With College Students, Hyunhwa Lee, Sungchul Lee, Ipuna Black, Laura Salado, Jonica Estrada, Katrina Isla
Nursing Faculty Research
People who suffer a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have heterogeneous symptoms and disease trajectories, which make it difficult to precisely assess long-term complications. This pilot study assessed and compared deficits in cognitive, psychosocial, visual functions, and balance performance between college students with and without histories of mTBI. Global DNA methylation ratio (5-mC%) in blood was also compared as a peripheral epigenetic marker. Twenty-five volunteers participated, including 14 healthy controls (64.3% females; mean age of 22.0) and 11 mTBI cases (27.3% females; mean age of 28.7 years) who self-reported mTBI history (63.6% multiple; 2.5 ± 1.29 injuries) with 7.1 years …
The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Motivation On Cognitive Control,
2020
CUNY Graduate Center
The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Motivation On Cognitive Control, Andrea Benavides
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Cognitive control describes a set of mechanisms that guide behavior towards a goal (Cohen, 2017). The successful execution of cognitive control is essential for effective learning, information processing, problem solving, and academic achievement (Visu-Petra et al., 2011). The Expected Value of Control framework (EVC; Shenhav et al., 2013) suggests that control carries an inherent cost, which is weighed against the potential benefits of expending it. This cost-benefit analysis determines the direction and intensity that a goal is pursued. Importantly, motivation plays a role in this cost-benefit analysis and may function as the factor that offsets the cost of control expenditure …
Proactive And Reactive Aggression, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, And Sleep In Adolescents,
2020
CUNY Graduate Center
Proactive And Reactive Aggression, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, And Sleep In Adolescents, Allison L. Brasch
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Current research evaluating the relationship between proactive and reactive aggression, sleep, and autonomic dysfunction has shown inconsistencies. The unique etiologies, manifestations, and presentation of these two aggressive subtypes have garnered much speculation, and research has shown mixed, and oftentimes conflicting, results. Generally speaking, insufficient sleep has been linked to increased agitation, cognitive impairment, emotional dysregulation, and poorer physical health. Many studies have provided support for an inverse relationship existing between sleep problems and sympathovagal health, implicating hypo- or hyper-autonomic function with proactive and reactive aggression, respectively. Concurrently and conflictingly, additional research has shown support for the exact opposite relationships between …
Gene Regulation And Cell Fate Choice In The Developing Vertebrate Retina,
2020
CUNY Graduate Center
Gene Regulation And Cell Fate Choice In The Developing Vertebrate Retina, Sruti Patoori
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The diverse neuronal cell types in the vertebrate retina all originate from multipotent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). These undergo a series of molecular changes driven by developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) as they divide to generate RPCs which are more restricted in their potential fates. It is crucial to understand these GRNs and changes to gene expression in order to understand how cell identity is established during retinal development. In particular, the GRN that promotes the development of cone photoreceptors and horizontal cells is not well-defined. This work focuses on two approaches to further elucidate the components of this regulatory …
The Impact Of A Single Session Of Mindfulness Meditation On The Attentional Blink In Non-Meditators,
2020
CUNY Graduate Center
The Impact Of A Single Session Of Mindfulness Meditation On The Attentional Blink In Non-Meditators, Arielle L. Klopsis
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Attentional resources are limited therefore a stimulus can go undetected if it closely follows another target by 200-500ms. This phenomenon is known as the attentional blink. Mindfulness meditation has been shown to be beneficial in target detection and in decreasing the attentional blink. Since there is no standard for the type of meditation or duration of practice that leads to attention benefits, this study compares the two most popular types of meditation in a group of non-meditators: focused attention and open monitoring meditation. This study utilized an attentional blink paradigm to measure if a single session of mindfulness meditation can …
Modulation Of Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Activity With Low Intensity Electric And Ultrasound Stimulation,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Modulation Of Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Activity With Low Intensity Electric And Ultrasound Stimulation, Ahmet S. Asan
Dissertations
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques garner significant interest due to their potential to offer instantaneous and region-specific treatments to neurological disorders. The cerebellum is one of the target sites for NIBS methods due to its central role in motor and cognitive functions. Among several modulation techniques, transcranial electric stimulations (tEs), in particular, transcranial direct and alternating current stimulations (tDCs/tACs), and low intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) show encouraging outcomes in clinical applications. tDCs and tACs are favored due to their low cost and accessibility while LIFUS offers high spatial resolution and deeper penetration without affecting the surrounding structures. In order …
Data Assimilation For Conductance-Based Neuronal Models,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Data Assimilation For Conductance-Based Neuronal Models, Matthew Moye
Dissertations
This dissertation illustrates the use of data assimilation algorithms to estimate unobserved variables and unknown parameters of conductance-based neuronal models. Modern data assimilation (DA) techniques are widely used in climate science and weather prediction, but have only recently begun to be applied in neuroscience. The two main classes of DA techniques are sequential methods and variational methods. Throughout this work, twin experiments, where the data is synthetically generated from output of the model, are used to validate use of these techniques for conductance-based models observing only the voltage trace. In Chapter 1, these techniques are described in detail and the …
The Roles Of Inhibition In C. Elegans Locomotion,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
The Roles Of Inhibition In C. Elegans Locomotion, Lan Deng
Dissertations
Inhibition plays important roles in modulating neural activities at different levels from small synapses to brain regions, and different systems from sensory to motor. To achieve translocation, locomotor systems produce alternation of antagonist muscles, including axial posture and limb movement and alternation. In the nematode C. elegans, a cross-inhibition circuit, involving excitatory cholinergic and inhibitory GABAergic motoneurons, is believed to generate the dorsoventral alternation of body-wall muscles that supports backward undulatory locomotion. This dissertation challenges this prevalent hypothesis, delves into studying different roles of inhibition, and depicts the expression pattern and functional role of ionotropic GABAA receptor, UNC-49, in motoneurons …
Kcnq2 Localization In The Brainstem,
2020
University of Connecticut
Kcnq2 Localization In The Brainstem, Christina Valera
Honors Scholar Theses
KCNQ2 channels are potassium channels that serve to control neuronal excitability. Loss of function mutations in these channels are known to cause various forms of epilepsy. Recently, KCNQ2 R201C and R201H gain of function mutations have been shown to exhibit an exaggerated startle response and other unique phenotypes uncharacteristic of epilepsy. These phenotypes resemble hyperekplexia, a condition in which glycine neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brainstem is affected. While KCNQ2 has widespread localization throughout the brain, its presence in the brainstem remains unknown. We used immunostaining to determine the localization of KCNQ2 in the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve …
Functional Connectivity Of Eeg Is Subject-Specific, Associated With Phenotype, And Different From Fmri,
2020
CUNY City College
Functional Connectivity Of Eeg Is Subject-Specific, Associated With Phenotype, And Different From Fmri, Maximilian Nentwich, Lei Ai, Jens Madsen, Qawi K. Telesford, Stefan Haufe, Michael P. Milham, Lucas C. Parra
Publications and Research
A variety of psychiatric, behavioral and cognitive phenotypes have been linked to brain ‘’functional connectivity’’ -- the pattern of correlation observed between different brain regions. Most commonly assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), here, we investigate the connectivity-phenotype associations with functional connectivity measured with electroencephalography (EEG), using phase-coupling. We analyzed data from the publicly available Healthy Brain Network Biobank. This database compiles a growing sample of children and adolescents, currently encompassing 1657 individuals. Among a variety of assessment instruments we focus on ten phenotypic and additional demographic measures that capture most of the variance in this sample. The largest …
Schwann Cells In Combination With Gag-Mimetic Scaffolds For Spinal Cord Repair,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Schwann Cells In Combination With Gag-Mimetic Scaffolds For Spinal Cord Repair, Sharareh Hashemi
Dissertations
Spinal cord injury (SCI) being a devastating neurological dysfunction can cause extensive irreversible neuronal loss and axonal damage. Fifty-four cases of spinal cord injury per million people occur annually in the United States. Due to the loss of glial cells and demyelination of axons, the neuronal function of surviving neurons is disrupted leading to permanent loss of sensory and motor functions. The glial scar formed by astrogliosis at the chronic stage protects undamaged tissues, but it is known to be a major barrier for axonal regeneration. The limited regeneration capacity of spinal cord makes it challenging to successfully treat the …
Effects Of A Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury On The Susceptibility To Behavioral And Neuronal Deficits On A Susequent Blunt Trauma,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Effects Of A Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury On The Susceptibility To Behavioral And Neuronal Deficits On A Susequent Blunt Trauma, Aswati Aravind
Dissertations
Soldiers are often exposed to more than one traumatic brain injury (TBI) event over the course of their service. In recent years, more attention has been drawn to the increased risk of neurological deficits caused by the 'blast plus' polytrauma, which typically is a blast trauma combined with other forms of TBI. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate if exposure to a blast TBI predisposes the brain to increased neurological deficits when followed with a second blunt head trauma. The behavioral and neuronal deficits resulting from a blast plus injury involving a mild-moderate blast followed by a mild …
Two Nights Of Recovery Sleep Restores Hippocampal Connectivity But Not Episodic Memory After Total Sleep Deprivation,
2020
Sun Yat-sen University
Two Nights Of Recovery Sleep Restores Hippocampal Connectivity But Not Episodic Memory After Total Sleep Deprivation, Ya Chai, Zhuo Fang, Fan Nils Yang, Sihua Xu, Yao Deng, Andrew Raine, Jieqiong Wang, Meichen Yu, Mathias Basner, Namni Goel, Junghoon J. Kim, David A. Wolk, John A. Detre, David F. Dinges, Hengyi Rao
Publications and Research
Sleep deprivation significantly impairs a range of cognitive and brain function, particularly episodic memory and the underlying hippocampal function. However, it remains controversial whether one or two nights of recovery sleep following sleep deprivation fully restores brain and cognitive function. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and examined the effects of two consecutive nights (20-hour time-in-bed) of recovery sleep on resting-state hippocampal connectivity and episodic memory deficits following one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) in 39 healthy adults in a controlled in-laboratory protocol. TSD significantly reduced memory performance in a scene recognition task, impaired hippocampal …
Exploring Effects Of Background Music In A Serious Game On Attention By Means Of Eeg Signals In Children,
2020
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Exploring Effects Of Background Music In A Serious Game On Attention By Means Of Eeg Signals In Children, Fettah Kiran
LSU Master's Theses
Music and Serious Games are separately useful alternative therapy methods for helping people with a cognitive disorder, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The goal of this thesis is to explore the effect of background music on children with and without ADHD. In this study, a simple Tetris game is designed with Beethoven, Mozart music, and no-music. There are different brainwave techniques for recording; among others, the electroencephalography (EEG) allows for the most efficient use of BCI. We recorded the EEG brain signals of the regular and ADHD subjects who played the Tetris we designed according to our protocol that …
The Effects Of Neuron Degeneration And Methods Of Neurogenesis,
2020
Portland State University
The Effects Of Neuron Degeneration And Methods Of Neurogenesis, Jesus I. Martinez
University Honors Theses
In the 1960’s, Joseph Altman discovered the creation of new neurons continues well into the adulthood of mammals. His work lay dormant for several decades possibly as a result of limitations in technology or the limited perceived usefulness at the time. In the 1990’s Altman’s discovery gained newfound interest and has stayed in researcher's interest ever since. A combination of improved imaging techniques, a continued shift in the public image of mental disorders, and a desire to aid those suffering from neurodegenerative disorders has led to many attempts to parse out the details of neurogenesis. After a number of studies …
Sleep Modifications In A Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Fragile X Syndrome,
2020
University of San Diego
Sleep Modifications In A Drosophila Melanogaster Model Of Fragile X Syndrome, Morgan Mclaughlin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disabilities, disruptions in sleep, and autism in humans. Mutations in Fragile X Mental Retardation gene 1 (FMR1), which codes for a protein that modifies the expression of many target proteins, are primarily responsible for this disorder. Genetic modifications of FMR1 can increase or decrease the overall amount of sleep in humans. A potential pharmaceutical target of FXS is dopamine, a critical neurotransmitter in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) dopamine has been shown to alter sleep. The mushroom body, a structure in …
