Dysexecutive Difficulty And Subtle Everyday Functional Disabilities: The Digital Trail Making Test,
2024
Rowan University
Dysexecutive Difficulty And Subtle Everyday Functional Disabilities: The Digital Trail Making Test, David J Libon, Rod Swenson, Sean Tobyne, Ali Jannati, Daniel Schulman, Catherine C Price, Melissa Lamar, Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
BACKGROUND: Digital neuropsychological tests reliably capture real-time, process-based behavior that traditional paper/pencil tests cannot detect, enabling earlier detection of neurodegenerative illness. We assessed relations between informant-based subtle and mild functional decline and process-based features extracted from the digital Trail Making Test-Part B (dTMT-B).
METHODS: A total of 321 community-dwelling participants (56.0% female) were assessed with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) and the dTMT-B. Three FAQ groups were constructed: FAQ = 0 (unimpaired); FAQ = 1-4 (subtle impairment); FAQ = 5-8 (mild impairment).
Results: Compared to the FAQ-unimpaired group, other groups required longer pauses inside target circles (p < 0.050) and produced more total pen strokes to complete the test (p < 0.016). FAQ-subtle participants required more time to complete the entire test (p …
Birds, Bats And Minds. Tales Of A Revolutionary Scientist: Donald R. Griffin. Volume One,
2024
WellBeing International
Birds, Bats And Minds. Tales Of A Revolutionary Scientist: Donald R. Griffin. Volume One, Carolyn A. Ristau
eBooks
In this three-volume biography, we revisit the life and accomplishments of the revolutionary scientist, Donald R. Griffin. He encountered a lifetime of initial hostile resistance to his ideas and studies; now they are largely accepted. He and a colleague discovered the phenomenon of echolocation used by bats to navigate and capture insects, proposed that birds navigate guided by such cues as the sun and stars, and suggested that animals are likely aware, thinking and feeling beings. Forty interviews with his colleagues and friends help us understand the young emerging scientist and the mature researcher. We learn about his and others’ …
Birds, Bats And Minds. Tales Of A Revolutionary Scientist: Donald R. Griffin. Volume Two,
2024
WellBeing International
Birds, Bats And Minds. Tales Of A Revolutionary Scientist: Donald R. Griffin. Volume Two, Carolyn A. Ristau
eBooks
In this three-volume biography, we revisit the life and accomplishments of the revolutionary scientist, Donald R. Griffin. He encountered a lifetime of initial hostile resistance to his ideas and studies; now they are largely accepted. He and a colleague discovered the phenomenon of echolocation used by bats to navigate and capture insects, proposed that birds navigate guided by such cues as the sun and stars, and suggested that animals are likely aware, thinking and feeling beings. Forty interviews with his colleagues and friends help us understand the young emerging scientist and the mature researcher. We learn about his and others’ …
The Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment In Psychiatric Patients And Readmission Rate To An Inpatient Facility,
2024
Florida Institute of Technology
The Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment In Psychiatric Patients And Readmission Rate To An Inpatient Facility, Cherilyn Isis Schuff
Theses and Dissertations
The primary intention of this study was to further understand the impact of assessing cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients, as a mediating factor on readmission rates. Mild cognitive dysfunction impacts a patient’s functional outcomes (Bowie & Harvey, 2006; Davis et al., 2012; Marcantonio, et al., 2001). Little information exists to guide best practices in the treatment of adults with cognitive impairment who are hospitalized for acute conditions (Davis et al., 2012). A cognitive impairment may impact patient prognosis and ability to function outside of a setting focused on stabilization. Neuropsychological testing is a valuable tool in predicting a patient’s cognitive …
The Role Of Glutamate In The Medial Prefrontal Cortex In The Acquistion And Expression Of Conditioned Approach,
2024
CUNY Graduate Center
The Role Of Glutamate In The Medial Prefrontal Cortex In The Acquistion And Expression Of Conditioned Approach, Rudolf Nisanov
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
A series of experiments were conducted to assess the role of glutamatergic stimulation in the dorsal and ventral regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in both the acquisition and expression of reward-related learning using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, the conditioned-approach paradigm. Rats with surgically implanted cannulas were exposed to Pavlovian conditioning sessions that occurred on three alternative days (acquisition) or seven consecutive days (expression). These 60-min conditioning sessions consisted of 30 pairings of light (CS) and food pellets (US) presented under a random time schedule. After a two-day break, rats underwent a session with no CS or US and …
Neurochemical Signaling Of Reward-Based Learning In Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons,
2024
CUNY Graduate Center
Neurochemical Signaling Of Reward-Based Learning In Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons, Kyla F. Wholley
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons signal and participate in reward-related learning. Specifically, dopamine is postulated to encode reward-related environmental stimuli to compute reward prediction errors (RPEs). It is through the computation and maintenance of RPEs that learning occurs. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie how dopamine neurons compute RPEs and facilitate reward-related learning. The present study utilized fiber photometry in conjunction with a Pavlovian reward-based task to identify how GABA inputs to VTA dopamine neurons contribute to the computation of RPEs and reward-based behavior. Activity of GABA inputs to VTA dopamine neurons increased for reward-predicting …
The Effect Of Caffeine On Bee Behavior: A Progressive Ratio Study,
2024
University of Missouri-St. Louis
The Effect Of Caffeine On Bee Behavior: A Progressive Ratio Study, Kayle Cohen, Becky Hansis-O'Neill, Aimee Dunlap Dr
Undergraduate Research Symposium
This presentation focuses on the effect of caffeine on bee behavior using behavioral pharmacology methodologies. Researchers trained bumblebees to drink out of artificial flowers, then administered sucrose nectar or caffeinated sucrose nectar during a schedule of progressive and fixed ratios. The finding suggests that caffeine did increase the number of rewards during the fixed ratio, but not in the progressive ratio. However, research is still ongoing as bees continue to be tested..
The Effect Of Pornography On Marriage And Its Societal Impacts: A Neurobiological Perspective,
2024
Liberty University
The Effect Of Pornography On Marriage And Its Societal Impacts: A Neurobiological Perspective, Katie Rose Geer
NEXUS: The Liberty Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
No abstract provided.
The Standing Of Anger: Insights From The Debate(S) On Constructed Emotion,
2024
Claremont McKenna College
The Standing Of Anger: Insights From The Debate(S) On Constructed Emotion, Andrew Holzer
CMC Senior Theses
In her book, Anger and Forgiveness: Resentment, Generosity, Justice, Martha Nussbaum argues that anger is inherently flawed because it fundamentally contains the desire for payback. To support her argument, she posits specific metaphysical claims about the nature of emotions like anger. This thesis is an extended critique of her metaphysical foundation from the perspective of empirical research in the neuroscience of emotion. The first reason to dispute this picture is descriptive; this view of anger is based on an outdated version of cognitive appraisal theory, which sees emotions as triggered directly by static moments of cognitive appraisal. The second …
What Are We Most Curious About? Understanding The Relationship Between Curiosity And Marginal Knowledge,
2024
Claremont Colleges
What Are We Most Curious About? Understanding The Relationship Between Curiosity And Marginal Knowledge, Alexis Lee
CMC Senior Theses
There are several competing theories about the relationship between curiosity and metacognitive judgment, or one’s assessment of their own knowledge. Novelty theories say that curiosity is highest for wholly unknown information; complexity theories say that curiosity is highest for moderately unknown information; and the Region of Proximal Learning (RPL) theory says that curiosity is highest for almost-known information. The present study aimed to address how curiosity differs within marginal knowledge (MK), memory content that is available but not accessible, across two experiments. In both experiments, participants responded to 100 short-answer general knowledge questions, selecting a phenomenological category to represent their …
Effects Of Energy Drink Additives On Crayfish Metabolism,
2024
The University of Akron
Effects Of Energy Drink Additives On Crayfish Metabolism, Katherine Paltz
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The effects of caffeine and additives commonly found in energy drinks were tested on crayfish to record changes, if any, in their metabolism. Three experimental groups were studied: 1. Caffeine; 2. Caffeine + Glucuronolactone; 3.) Caffeine + Glucuronolactone + Taurine. Caffeine is a common stimulant used to improve mental awareness, headaches, memory, and athletic performance. Glucuronolactone is connected with cardiovascular issues and aggressive behavior. Taurine is said to improve mood and focus. The experiment was performed at two different caffeine levels: 600mg and 1200mg for an initial 1 hour of exposure and 10 hours after exposure used as a pseudo-baseline. …
Re-Programming Transcription Factor Function For Neuroscience Research Of Addiction: Investigating The Role Of Zinc Finger Proteins In Driving Cocaine Reinforcement In Mice,
2024
Virginia Commonwealth University
Re-Programming Transcription Factor Function For Neuroscience Research Of Addiction: Investigating The Role Of Zinc Finger Proteins In Driving Cocaine Reinforcement In Mice, Joseph A. Picone
Theses and Dissertations
Administration of addictive drugs like cocaine or morphine initiates aberrant gene transcription within brain reward circuitry neurons, which contributes to the lasting behavioral maladaptations that define addiction. The drug-induced expression and function of key brain transcription factors (TFs) is one major mechanism through which these drugs are able to regulate transcription, and as a consequence, lasting damaging drug-related behaviors including compulsive drug use. The goal of this dissertation is to more fully understand the molecular mechanistic drug-specific actions of TFs within the rodent nucleus accumbens (NAc). The findings from these studies could serve as the basis to identify novel candidate …
Enhancing Translation: A Need To Leverage Complex Preclinical Models Of Addictive Drugs To Accelerate Substance Use Treatment Options,
2024
University of Kentucky
Enhancing Translation: A Need To Leverage Complex Preclinical Models Of Addictive Drugs To Accelerate Substance Use Treatment Options, Christa Corley, Ashley Craig, Safiyah M. Sadek, Julie A. Marusich, Samar N. Chehimi, Ashley M. White, Lexi J. Holdiness, Benjamin C. Reiner, Cassandra D. Gipson
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Preclinical models of addictive drugs have been developed for decades to model aspects of the clinical experience in substance use disorders (SUDs). These include passive exposure as well as volitional intake models across addictive drugs and have been utilized to also measure withdrawal symptomatology and potential neuro- behavioral mechanisms underlying relapse to drug seeking or taking. There are a number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for SUDs, however, many demonstrate low clinical efficacy as well as potential sex differences, and we also note gaps in the continuum of care for certain aspects of clinical ex- periences in individuals …
Effects Of The Cb1 Receptor Antagonist, Am251, On Maternal Behavior In Long-Evans Rat Dams,
2024
SUNY Geneseo
Effects Of The Cb1 Receptor Antagonist, Am251, On Maternal Behavior In Long-Evans Rat Dams, Jennifer Aguilera-Fonseca, Karla Colley, Eddie Galarza, Atoria Hamm, Joe Morse, Rachel Ntor, Destiny Pichardo, Vincent P. Markowski
McNair Scholars Program
No abstract provided.
The Biobehavioral Effects Of Embryonic Exposure To Neural Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Zebrafish,
2024
Georgia Southern University
The Biobehavioral Effects Of Embryonic Exposure To Neural Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Zebrafish, Dalton J. Anderson
Honors College Theses
The purpose of this research is to improve understanding of the neurodevelopmental effects of embryonic exposure to elevated inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the antipyretic drug acetaminophen (APAP). Our study was the first to examine the interactive effects of APAP and inflammation in zebrafish embryos and how the treatments affect brain development and larval behavior. Experimental groups of zebrafish larvae were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, APAP, or LPS + APAP and larval behavior was analyzed using Ethovision automated behavioral tracking software. We also measured changes in whole-brain Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK3B) and GSK3B phosphorylation, …
Androgen Regulation Of The Hpa Axis And Stress-Related Behaviors In Mice: The Role Of Crf And Crf Receptor 1,
2024
University at Albany, State University of New York
Androgen Regulation Of The Hpa Axis And Stress-Related Behaviors In Mice: The Role Of Crf And Crf Receptor 1, Krystyna Ann Rybka
Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)
Mood disorders such as anxiety and depression are nearly twice as prevalent in women when compared to men, with potential contributing factors involving sex-dependent exposure to gonadal hormones and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Androgen actions through androgen receptors (AR) or actions at estrogen receptors such as ERα, following the conversion of androgens to estradiol, have been shown to regulate stress-related behaviors as well as HPA axis responsiveness. Where androgen actions at AR appear to decrease the stress response and subsequent stress-related behaviors, actions at ERα seem to do the opposite and increase HPA axis reactivity. When the HPA …
Assessing Neurobehavioral Deficits And Neuroinflammation Following Rllb In A Transgenic Mouse Model,
2023
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Assessing Neurobehavioral Deficits And Neuroinflammation Following Rllb In A Transgenic Mouse Model, Aakaash Gosain
Theses
As global conflicts are escalating, military personnel have long faced the constant threat of explosions, heightening the risk of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). The recent increase in war conflicts and combat zones worldwide not only puts the military, service members, and police forces at risk but also innocent civilians who are caught in the crossfire. While moderate to severe bTBIs have been extensively studied, the pathology of repeated low-level blasts (rLLB) remains less understood. This research addresses the gap in knowledge regarding the long-term consequences of rLLB injuries in the neural anatomy. A transgenic mouse model was subjected to …
Nucleus Accumbens Core Single Cell Ensembles Bidirectionally Respond To Experienced Versus Observed Aversive Events,
2023
Rowan University
Nucleus Accumbens Core Single Cell Ensembles Bidirectionally Respond To Experienced Versus Observed Aversive Events, Oyku Dinckol, Noah Harris Wenger, Jennifer E Zachry, Munir Gunes Kutlu
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Fear learning is a critical feature of survival skills among mammals. In rodents, fear learning manifests itself through direct experience of the aversive event or social transmission of aversive stimuli such as observing and acting on conspecifics' distress. The neuronal network underlying the social transmission of information largely overlaps with the brain regions that mediate behavioral responses to aversive and rewarding stimuli. In this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging of calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge imaging methodology not only allows us to record activity patterns …
Using A Toxic Aging Coin To Assess Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Neurotoxicity.,
2023
University of Louisville
Using A Toxic Aging Coin To Assess Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Neurotoxicity., Samuel Thomas Vielee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We are facing an aging crisis, with 20% of the U.S. population projected to be geriatric (65+) by 2030 and live another 40+ years. Age-related diseases accompany a growing geriatric population, emphasizing the need to understand their etiology. Environmental pollutants compound this crisis by: 1) geriatrics are more susceptible, exacerbating age-related diseases and comorbidities, and 2) they accelerate biological aging, inducing age-related diseases at younger ages. We address this crisis using a ‘toxic aging coin’ approach; heads examines how age impacts toxicity, tails examines how chemicals accelerate aging. This thesis applies the heads side for Cr(VI)-induced neurotoxicity across ages. We …
Cortical Representation Of Learning Social Interactions In Freely Moving Non-Human Primates,
2023
The Texas Medical Center Library
Cortical Representation Of Learning Social Interactions In Freely Moving Non-Human Primates, Melissa Franch
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
The motivation and capacity to be social is necessary for human survival. Successful learning of complex, prosocial behavior stems from the ability to perceive and respond to visual cues, such as the body language and facial expressions, from others in our environment. This dependence on visual information to guide social interaction is especially true for humans and non-human primates. Although recent studies in primate neurophysiology discovered neurons that can encode socially relevant variables, like reward and social actions, the underlying neural mechanisms of learning advanced social concepts, such as cooperation, are not well understood. Further, previous work has identified …
