Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Ketamine And/Or Social Stress Exposure On Spatial Memory Performance In C57bl/6 Mice,
2023
University of Texas at El Paso
Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Ketamine And/Or Social Stress Exposure On Spatial Memory Performance In C57bl/6 Mice, Israel Garcia Carachure
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Ketamine is administered to manage major depressive disorder in adolescent patients. However, the long-term effects of juvenile ketamine exposure on memory-related tasks have not been thoroughly assessed. Thus, we examined whether exposure to ketamine, psychological stress, or both, results in long-lasting alterations in spatial memory in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we evaluated how ketamine and/or psychological stress history influenced hippocampal protein kinase b¬–mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT-mTOR)-related signaling, since this molecular cascade is associated with ketamine’s acute/fast-acting antidepressant properties. Male and female postnatal day (PD)-35 mice underwent 10-days of vicarious defeat stress (VDS), a form of psychological stress, with or without …
Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening And Follow-Up Through Implementation Science (Accsis) In Appalachia: Protocol For A Group Randomized, Delayed Intervention Trial,
2023
The Ohio State University
Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening And Follow-Up Through Implementation Science (Accsis) In Appalachia: Protocol For A Group Randomized, Delayed Intervention Trial, Electra D. Paskett, Aaron J. Kruse-Diehr, Jill M. Oliveri, Robin C. Vanderpool, Darrell M. Gray Ii, Michael L. Pennell, Bin Huang, Gregory S. Young, Darla Fickle, Mark Cromo, Mira L. Katz, Paul L. Reiter, Melinda Rogers, David A. Gross, Vickie Fairchild, Wendy Xu, Angela Carman, Jean M. Walunis, Ann Scheck Mcalearney, Timothy R. Huerta, Saurabh Rahurkar, Erika Biederman, Mark B. Dignan
UK CARES Faculty Publications
Appalachian regions of Kentucky and Ohio are hotspots for colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in the USA. Screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality; however, screening uptake is needed, especially in these underserved geographic areas. Implementation science offers strategies to address this challenge. The aim of the current study was to conduct multi-site, transdisciplinary research to evaluate and improve CRC screening processes using implementation science strategies. The study consists of two phases (Planning and Implementation). In the Planning Phase, a multilevel assessment of 12 health centers (HC) (one HC from each of the 12 Appalachian counties) was conducted by interviewing key informants, …
Life Stressors And Immune Aging: Protective Effects Of Cognitive Reappraisal,
2023
University of Pittsburgh
Life Stressors And Immune Aging: Protective Effects Of Cognitive Reappraisal, Rebecca G. Reed, Steven R. Presnell, Ahmad Al-Attar, Charles T. Lutz, Suzanne C. Segerstrom
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Stressful life events may accelerate aspects of immune aging, but habitual use of an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal, may attenuate these effects. This study examined whether cognitive reappraisal moderates the associations between life stressor frequency and stressor desirability on aspects of immune aging, including late-differentiated CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP), both between and within people in a longitudinal sample of 149 older adults (mean age = 77.8, range: 64–92 years). Participants reported stressful life events, use of cognitive reappraisal, and provided blood semiannually for up to 5 years to …
The Reinforcement Enhancing Effects Of Delta-9-Tetrahyrdrocannabinol (Thc) In Male And Female Rats,
2023
East Tennessee State University
The Reinforcement Enhancing Effects Of Delta-9-Tetrahyrdrocannabinol (Thc) In Male And Female Rats, Kynah Walston
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cannabis is widely consumed by humans for pharmacological effects that are mediated by THC, though there is little evidence that THC is a primary reinforcer in non-human animal models. We hypothesized that THC may have potent reinforcement enhancing effects, comparable to other drugs (e.g., nicotine and caffeine) which are also widely consumed by humans, but difficult to establish as primary reinforcers in non-humans. In three experiments with male and female rats saccharin (SACC) or a visual stimulus (VS) served as reinforcers for operant behavior. We explored several pharmacological parameters of THC on responding for SACC or VS, including THC dose, …
Effects Of Acute And Repeated Alcohol Exposure On Expression Of Synaptic-Associated Genes In The Male And Female Mouse Mpfc,
2023
Binghamton University--SUNY
Effects Of Acute And Repeated Alcohol Exposure On Expression Of Synaptic-Associated Genes In The Male And Female Mouse Mpfc, Dhruba Podder
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious chronic brain disease; in 2021 there were ~29.5 million people in the U.S. diagnosed with AUD. Individuals with AUD often show cognitive impairment such as risky decision-making, difficulties with impulse control, and working memory deficits. This impairment is associated with structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an extensively interconnected region of the frontal lobe involved in executive control of goal-directed behaviors. Chronic alcohol exposure in rodents has been seen to cause deficits in performance in behavioral tasks which assess mPFC function such as working memory and behavioral flexibility. It is …
The Relationship Between School Refusal Behavior And Executive Functions,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Relationship Between School Refusal Behavior And Executive Functions, Christina Saliba, Shreyas Bhat, Karina R. Carrillo-Juárez [email protected], Randolph Dupont
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
School refusal is a pressing issue that impacts children throughout the United States. School Refusal behaviors can be attributed to four distinct reasons: avoiding school because it induces negative emotions (ANA), avoiding social or evaluative situations (ESE), seeking attention from others (AGB), and pursuing rewards outside of the school environment (PTR) (Kearney, 2002). Executive functions are mechanisms that monitor and regulate cognitive processes and tasks. These include problem-solving, working memory, attention, and inhibition. Executive functions can be linked with various aspects of school achievement and cognitive development in children and adolescents (Sosic-Vasic, 2017). Previous research has shown that kindergarteners who …
Consequences Of Environment And Loss On Maternal Behavior, Anxiety, Boldness, And Memory In Rats,
2023
Longwood University
Consequences Of Environment And Loss On Maternal Behavior, Anxiety, Boldness, And Memory In Rats, Alayna Skye Palamar
Longwood Senior Thesis Proposal
No abstract provided.
The Genomics Of Autism-Related Genes Il1rapl1 And Il1rapl2: Insights Into Their Cortical Distribution, Cell-Type Specificity, And Developmental Trajectories,
2023
Medical University of South Carolina
The Genomics Of Autism-Related Genes Il1rapl1 And Il1rapl2: Insights Into Their Cortical Distribution, Cell-Type Specificity, And Developmental Trajectories, Jacob Weaver
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Neuropsychiatric disorders have a significant impact on modern society. These disorders affect a large percentage of the population: schizophrenia has a world-wide prevalence of 1% and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affects 1 in 59 school-aged children in the US. There is substantial evidence that most neuropsychiatric disorders have a genetic component. Thus, with the advent of high throughput sequencing much effort has gone into identifying genetic variants associated with these disorders. The emerging picture from these studies is a complex one where hundreds of genes with small effects interact with a varied landscape of common variants to result in disease. …
Novel Model For Tau Protein Expression And Function: The Honeybee Brain,
2023
University of Kentucky
Novel Model For Tau Protein Expression And Function: The Honeybee Brain, Abdallah F. Sher
2023 Midwest Ecology & Evolution Conference
Scientists have long attempted to understand the mechanisms by which senescence occurs. Leading theories suggest that aging is an emergent property of natural selection’s prioritization of reproductive ability. Social insects, such as the honeybee (Apis mellifera) challenge this idea, separating colonies into reproductive and non-reproductive castes. Worker honeybees do not reproduce, suggesting that selection prioritizes tasks other than reproduction. Forager honeybees, for example, display improved cognitive and immune function compared to other behavioral phenotypes of bees, likely to support their ability to perform tasks such as navigating complex environments or making context-dependent decisions while foraging. Foragers are normally older honeybees, …
Effects Of Diet On Lcn2 Expression And Onset Of Neuroinflammation In An Alzheimer’S Disease Mice Model,
2023
Macalester College
Effects Of Diet On Lcn2 Expression And Onset Of Neuroinflammation In An Alzheimer’S Disease Mice Model, Abdirahman A. Hayir
Neuroscience Honors Projects
This project covers the findings regarding the impact of diet on lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and the effects it has on neuroinflammation Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). LCN2 is a protein that is critical to the functionality of mitochondria and inflammatory responses. Evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential central event in driving AD pathogenesis and contributing to formation of pathological hallmarks such as chronic inflammation. Furthermore, studies have shown that LCN2 can be deficient under metabolic conditions such as high-fat-diet (HFD). This study investigates if HFD induces LCN2 deficiency and increased neuroinflammation in an AD mice model.
Behavioral And Neural Mechanisms Of Serotonin Modulation Of Impulsivity And Reward,
2023
Dartmouth College
Behavioral And Neural Mechanisms Of Serotonin Modulation Of Impulsivity And Reward, Stephanie S. Desrochers
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Despite its prevalence in many psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, suicidal depression, schizophrenia, and aggression and motivational disorders, impulsivity and its biological bases remain poorly understood. Subdivisions of impulsivity, including impulsive action (reduced response inhibition) and impulsive choice (reduced delay of gratification), sometimes present in an uncorrelated manner. This complexity renders pathological impulsivity difficult to treat, as different underlying causes likely result in different phenotypic presentations, despite being placed under one umbrella term. In order to study the behavior and biology of one particular facet of impulsivity, this dissertation utilizes the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR; an inhibitory …
Role Of Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Receptor Signaling In The Suppression Of Punished Reward Seeking,
2023
University of South Carolina - Columbia
Role Of Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Receptor Signaling In The Suppression Of Punished Reward Seeking, Grace M. Joyner, Anna Caroline Toburen
Senior Theses
Previous studies have shown that within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region associated with motivation and reinforcement learning, activity of neurons expressing the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R neurons) act as a “break” on risky behavior associated with negative outcomes. Moreover, when these neurons are stimulated, rats were found to become more risk averse. However, the impact of dopamine signaling through NAc D2R neurons in risk avoidance is still unclear. To further explore the role of NAc dopamine signaling in punished reward-seeking, we tested rats in a novel punished food-seeking paradigm in which subjects are trained to choose between a …
Glutamate, And Its Relationship To Task-Induced Functional Connectivity In The Human Brain: A Focus On Schizophrenia,
2023
Wayne State University
Glutamate, And Its Relationship To Task-Induced Functional Connectivity In The Human Brain: A Focus On Schizophrenia, Kathleen Liu Young, John Kopchick, Jeffrey Stanley, Vaibhav Diwadkar
Medical Student Research Symposium
Glutamate is the brain’s major excitatory neurotransmitter mediating both neuroplasticity and network function (Zhou & Danbolt, 2014). Basal glutamate (Glu) measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) provides insight into a region’s density of neuropil related to the glutamatergic system. Moreover, given the role of glutamate in mediating brain network function, Glu levels may play a role in the brain’s functional connectivity (FC), which is typically estimated from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series data. These questions converge when considering the clinical syndrome of schizophrenia (SCZ). Patients with SCZ show abnormalities in basal Glu in the hippocampus and prefrontal …
The Role Of The Kcc2 In Substance Use And Abuse: A Systematic Review [Protocol],
2023
Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Role Of The Kcc2 In Substance Use And Abuse: A Systematic Review [Protocol], Alfred Amendolara, Steven Salazar, Chad Thompson, Hyrum Wright, Andrew Payne
Annual Research Symposium
This poster presents the protocol for an ongoing systematic review investigating the role of potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in substance use, abuse, and addiction.
A Systematic Review: Toxoplasma Gondii Infection And Drugs Of Abuse,
2023
Roseman University of Health Sciences
A Systematic Review: Toxoplasma Gondii Infection And Drugs Of Abuse, Amani Sastry
Annual Research Symposium
No abstract provided.
Dendritic Spine Density And Morphology In The Dorsolateral Striatum Following A High Fat Diet,
2023
CUNY Graduate Center
Dendritic Spine Density And Morphology In The Dorsolateral Striatum Following A High Fat Diet, Tikva Nabatian
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Obesity rates have been dramatically rising in recent years and in 2017-2018 more than 42% of adults in the United States were obese. Obesity is associated with numerous health problems, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. The prevalence of highly palatable and calorically dense foods high in fats and sugars is a significant factor in the increase in obesity rates. Many suggest that palatable food affects the brain in ways similar to drugs of abuse, reinforcing the consumption of highly palatable foods in the same way drugs reinforce drug use. While numerous weight loss programs and …
The Impacts Of Immune Challenges On Fish Behavior And Physiology,
2023
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
The Impacts Of Immune Challenges On Fish Behavior And Physiology, Teisha King
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
For species living in dominance hierarchies, social rank dictates access to resources and often contributes to reproductive success. To ensure survival, individuals constantly evaluate trade- offs between crucial biological systems, like the reproductive and immune systems, depending on their social rank and physiological state. Little is known about how social species balance interactions between immune system function, fluctuations in social status and reproductive fitness, and the performance of behaviors necessary for maintaining social status when sick, particularly in fishes, the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates. My dissertation research uses a whole animal approach to examine how physiological profiles …
Examining The Role Of Chronic Stress In Cancer Progression And Metastasis: P53 As A Potential Mechanism,
2023
Connecticut College
Examining The Role Of Chronic Stress In Cancer Progression And Metastasis: P53 As A Potential Mechanism, Jillian R. Dean
Behavioral Neuroscience Honors Papers
The influence of stress on the development and progression of cancer has been a longstanding hypothesis. Chronic stress can have a significant impact on the immune system and inflammatory response, potentially leading to decline of the body's immune capabilities (Segerstrom & Miller, 2004). Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which triggers the release of stress hormones, such as cortisol (Smith & Vale, 2006). When chronically activated, this can lead to corresponding changes in the immune system, including decreased activity of natural killer cells, which play a crucial role in identifying and destroying cancer cells. Chronic inflammation has also been shown …
Cognitive And Neural Development In A Rodent Model Of Ptsd From Maternal Maltreatment,
2023
Connecticut College
Cognitive And Neural Development In A Rodent Model Of Ptsd From Maternal Maltreatment, Nhi Doan
Behavioral Neuroscience Honors Papers
Childhood neglect influences development and increases the risk for and severity of mental illness. Previous study has shown that early life stress (ELS) alters stress circuitry, elevates basal stress hormone, and impairs regulation of the HPA. In this study, we seek to understand the impacts of decreased quality of care and trauma on the cognitive and neural development of rats at adolescence. We used a 1-week limited bedding protocol to induce fragmented care in dams and a 10-minute exposure to fox odor to induce stress in offspring later. Memory function and patterns of brain activity following stressor exposure were assessed …
Factors Related To The Perceptions Of Academic Honesty Among Campus-Based And Online Undergraduate Students,
2023
Walden University
Factors Related To The Perceptions Of Academic Honesty Among Campus-Based And Online Undergraduate Students, Robert Defranco
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Academic dishonesty poses a challenge for the online and campus-based learning environment where technology and assessment at a distance may encourage easy and innovative ways of cheating. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess campus-based and online students’ attitudes and perceptions toward academic dishonesty. Data were collected via the Student Academic Honesty Survey to measure student perceptions of academic dishonesty to determine the following: (a) whether biological males and females differed in their perceptions of academic dishonesty, (b) the predictive relationships between perceptions of academic dishonesty and locus of control after controlling for type of school, and (c) …
