Gene Expression Of Down-Regulated Estrogen Receptor Target Genes In Human Breast Cancer Cells Following Drug Rreatment,
2013
Brigham Young University
Gene Expression Of Down-Regulated Estrogen Receptor Target Genes In Human Breast Cancer Cells Following Drug Rreatment, Ben Newman, Dr. Chin-Yo Lin
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer found in women and the majority of such cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. This means the cancer is dependent on estrogen for growth. In such cancers, ER acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor, changing gene expression when bound to estrogen. The altered expression of ER target genes in breast cancer is a likely cause of the uncontrolled cell growth.
Sinorhizobium Meliloti Adaptation In Alfalfa Bacterial Pathway Of Infection,
2013
Brigham Young University
Sinorhizobium Meliloti Adaptation In Alfalfa Bacterial Pathway Of Infection, Jacob Erickson, Dr. Joel Griffitts
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Bacterial infection has been fought against successfully since the discovery of penicillin, and since then other antibiotics. Despite this, bacterial strains continue to mutate and find resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Gaining an understanding the genetic process of infection within bacteria will aid in the fight of harmful bacteria and the use of symbiotic bacteria.
Climate Change From Oxygen Isotopic Variation Of Pore Water From Sediments In Punderson Lake, Northeast Ohio,
2013
Cleveland State University
Climate Change From Oxygen Isotopic Variation Of Pore Water From Sediments In Punderson Lake, Northeast Ohio, Rachel Daley, Fasong Yuan
Undergraduate Research Posters 2013
The environment in Ohio has changed over time. The hydroclimate, which is the climate of the water, shows changes from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Evidence for these changes can be found in levels of δ18O and δ2H isotopes in the layers of sediment and water in the lakes of Northeast Ohio. Mass spectrometry can be used to test the levels of δ18O and δ2H isotopes from pore water samples within sediment cores. In this study, surface soil and water samples were collected from cores in Punderson Lake at Punderson State Park in Newbury, Ohio. Pore water was extracted …
Ongoing Development Of An Anti-Sporulation Media And The Methodology To Efficiently Quantify Spores,
2013
Brigham Young University
Ongoing Development Of An Anti-Sporulation Media And The Methodology To Efficiently Quantify Spores, Jared Balaich, Dr. Richard Robison
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Spore forming bacteria are of great medical importance because of their ability to infect, and sustain infection in the human host. A spore consists of the bacterium’s DNA surrounded by thick membranes and is resistant to desiccation, disinfectants, radiation. The spore can then form a living bacterium after remaining dormant for thousands or even millions of years. Although much is now known about the structure and pathways involved in spore formation, much mystery remains around exactly what triggers spore formation to occur. The focus of this research project is to culture spore forming bacteria on medias of differing composition and …
Endothelial Cell Stimulation Overcomes Restriction And Promotes Productive And Latent Hiv-1 Infection Of Resting Cd4+ T Cells,
2013
Calvin University
Endothelial Cell Stimulation Overcomes Restriction And Promotes Productive And Latent Hiv-1 Infection Of Resting Cd4+ T Cells, Anding Shen, Jacob J. Baker, Geoffrey L. Scott, Yelena P. Davis
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is able to suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to undetectable levels in the majority of patients, but eradication has not been achieved because latent viral reservoirs persist, particularly in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. It is generally understood that HIV-1 does not efficiently infect resting CD4+ T cells, and latent infection in those cells may arise when infected CD4+ T lymphoblasts return to resting state. In this study, we found that stimulation by endothelial cells can render resting CD4+ T cells permissible for direct HIV infection, includingboth productive and latent infection. These stimulated T …
Isolation Of A Novel Francisella Sp. In Environmental Samples Using A Modified Selective Medium,
2013
Brigham Young University
Isolation Of A Novel Francisella Sp. In Environmental Samples Using A Modified Selective Medium, David Drake, Dr. Richard Robison
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Our initial goal was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a new selective medium for isolating Francisella species from environmental samples, including those from soil, feces, and ponds. We successfully developed the medium, CHAB-PACCVI, and used it to isolate a novel Francisella species from hot springs samples obtained in Salt Lake.
Assay For Protective Malaria Antibody,
2013
Brigham Young University
Assay For Protective Malaria Antibody, Rachel L. Robison, Dr. James B. Jensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Investigations have determined that people living in areas where malaria is widespread have developed an acquired immune response that resists the malaria parasite. Normally, the malaria parasite enters the cell and takes over certain cellular functions. This cellular invasion provides nutrients to the parasite which perpetuates its life cycle. In cases where an immune response has been developed, the immune system produces antibodies which prevent the malaria parasite from invading the erythrocyte. This type of immune response is effective through two possible mechanisms. The first mechanism prevents parasite attachment to the erythrocyte plasma membrane. The second mechanism restricts the parasite …
Genetic Variation In Gila Ataria,
2013
Brigham Young University
Genetic Variation In Gila Ataria, Peter D. Pixton, Dr. Mark C. Belk
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Utah chub (Gila Atraria) is a small fish native to the ancient Bonneville Basin. After a series of floods, Lake Bonneville receded approximately ten thousand years ago, isolating fish and other fauna that had been a part of the Greater Bonneville drainage. Pockets of Gila Atraria become isolated in drainages throughout Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, and the genetic flow between these stranded populations stopped.
Inhibition Of P-21 Ras Translocation Of Ht-29 Cell Line By Fresh Garlic (Allium Sativum),
2013
Brigham Young University
Inhibition Of P-21 Ras Translocation Of Ht-29 Cell Line By Fresh Garlic (Allium Sativum), Jordan D. Smith, Dr. Byron K. Murray
Journal of Undergraduate Research
How does fresh garlic oil affect human colon cancer cells? HT-29 is a cell line of human colon cancer originally extracted from a primary tumor in 1964. 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryi-CoA reductase (HGMR) is an enzyme responsible for attaching a lipid group to the 21 kilodalton (kD) Ras protein (p2l Ras), a molecule involved in cell signaling. This attachment is essential for the movement and anchoring of Ras from the cytosol to the membrane, as well as for biological activity. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a specific chemical found in garlic which has been shown to inhibit this enzyme1 and the translocation of …
Caffeine Inhibits The Rate Of Nucleotide Excision Repair In Multiple Human Cell Lines,
2013
Brigham Young University
Caffeine Inhibits The Rate Of Nucleotide Excision Repair In Multiple Human Cell Lines, Bryan S. Poe, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the course of a lifetime the human genome encounters endless assaults on its fragile genetic material, many of which are potentially teratogenic, mutagenic or even oncogenic events. To counter these genetic insults, the cell (the fundamental building unit of the human body), has in place a myriad of protective and reparative mechanisms. One of the major defenses against an existing chromosomal lesion is the nucleotide excision repair pathway.
Effects Of Environmental Factors And Nutrient Availability On The Biochemical Composition Of Algae For Biofuels Production: A Review,
2013
Oregon State University
Effects Of Environmental Factors And Nutrient Availability On The Biochemical Composition Of Algae For Biofuels Production: A Review, Ankita Juneja, Ruben Michael Ceballos, Ganti S. Murthy
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Due to significant lipid and carbohydrate production as well as other useful properties such as high production of useful biomolecular substrates (e.g., lipids) and the ability to grow using non-potable water sources, algae are being explored as a potential high-yield feedstock for biofuels production. In both natural and engineered systems, algae can be exposed to a variety of environmental conditions that affect growth rate and cellular composition. With respect to the latter, the amount of carbon fixed in lipids and carbohydrates (e.g., starch) is highly influenced by environmental factors and nutrient availability. Understanding synergistic interactions between multiple environmental variables and …
Identification Of Proteins For Salt Tolerance Using A Comparative Proteomics Analysis Of Tomato Accessions With Contrasting Salt Tolerance,
2013
Tennessee State University
Identification Of Proteins For Salt Tolerance Using A Comparative Proteomics Analysis Of Tomato Accessions With Contrasting Salt Tolerance, Peter Nveawiah-Yoho, Jing Zhou, Marsha Palmer, Roger Sauve, Suping Zhou, Kevin J. Howe, Tara Fish, Theodore W. Thannhauser
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has a wide variety of genotypes differing in their responses to salinity. This study was performed to identify salt-induced changes in proteomes that are distinguishable among tomatoes with contrasting salt tolerance. Tomato accessions [LA4133 (a salt-tolerant cherry tomato accession) and ‘Walter’ LA3465 (a salt-susceptible accession)] were subjected to salt treatment (200 mm NaCl) in hydroponic culture. Salt-induced changes in the root proteomes of each tomato accession were identified using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method. In LA4133, 178 proteins showed significant differences between salt-treated and non-treated control root tissues (P ≤ 0.05); 169 …
Barrier To Autointegration Factor (Baf) Inhibits Vaccinia Virus
Intermediate Transcription In The Absence Of The Viral B1 Kinase,
2013
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Barrier To Autointegration Factor (Baf) Inhibits Vaccinia Virus Intermediate Transcription In The Absence Of The Viral B1 Kinase, Nouhou Ibrahim, April Wicklund, Augusta Jamin, Matthew S. Wiebe
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF/BANF1) is a cellular DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic BAF binds to foreign DNA and can act as a defense against vaccinia DNA replication. To evade BAF, vaccinia expresses the B1 kinase, which phosphorylates BAF and blocks its ability to bind DNA. Interestingly, B1 is also needed for viral intermediate gene expression via an unknown mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of B1-BAF signaling on vaccinia transcription. Strikingly, the decrease in vaccinia transcription caused by loss of B1 can be rescued by depletion of BAF. The repressive action of BAF is greatest …
Epilithic And Aerophilic Diatoms In The Artificial Environment Of Kungsträdgården Metro Station, Stockholm, Sweden,
2013
Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences
Epilithic And Aerophilic Diatoms In The Artificial Environment Of Kungsträdgården Metro Station, Stockholm, Sweden, Lena Norbäck Ivarsson, Magnus Ivarsson, Johannes Lundberg, Therese Sallstedt, Catarina Rydin
International Journal of Speleology
The Kungsträdgården metro station is an artificial and urban subsurface environment illuminated with artificial light. Its ecosystem is almost completely unknown and as a first step to better understand the biology and rock wall habitats the diatom flora was investigated. A total of 12 species were found growing on the rock walls of Kungsträdgården metro station. The results show the diatom flora in Kungsträdgården to be dominated by e.g. Diadesmis contenta, Diadesmis perpusilla, Pinnularia appendiculata, Nitzschia amphibia, Nitzschia sinuata and Diploneis ovalis. One species, Caloneis cf. aerophila, has never been reported from Sweden before. …
A Nuclear Variant Of Gdf5 May Present Novel Insights On Arthritis Formation,
2013
Brigham Young University
A Nuclear Variant Of Gdf5 May Present Novel Insights On Arthritis Formation, Michael Baldwin, Dr. Laura Bridgewater
Journal of Undergraduate Research
More than 40 million Americans suffer from the pains of arthritis. Arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation and cartilage deterioration (3). For many years growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) has been associated with cartilage formation and maintenance (4, 1). Recently, a new variant of Gdf5 was discovered in the nucleus. Nuclear Gdf5 (nGdf5) presents a new mechanism by which Gdf5 regulates cartilage development and preservation. The long-term purpose of my research was aimed at learning the specific function of nGdf5 and determining its regulatory pathway. Understanding the role of nGdf5 would provide new information on cartilage breakdown and could establish …
Identification Of Insertion Points Of The Macrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis (Mafia) Transgene,
2013
Brigham Young University
Identification Of Insertion Points Of The Macrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis (Mafia) Transgene, Robert E. Brown Iii, Dr. Sandra Burnett
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Without site direction, transgenes integrate randomly into the genome of target cells. The transgene used in macrophage fas-induced apoptosis (Mafia) mice was randomly incorporated and indications of multiple insertion sites were observed. Our goal in performing this study was to detect the exact insertion point of the transgene so as to ultimately develop a genetic test to verify expression of the transgene in Maifa mice. In Figure 1 the premise of our experimental design is explained. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a scientific technique that is used to amplify a specific segment of DNA. To determine the insertion points of …
Detection Of Streptococcus Pyogenes On Applied Biosystems, Cepheid, And Rochereal-Time Pcr Platforms,
2013
Brigham Young University
Detection Of Streptococcus Pyogenes On Applied Biosystems, Cepheid, And Rochereal-Time Pcr Platforms, Eldon Prince, Dr. Richard Robison
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Develop a real-time PCR assay to uniquely detect S. pyogenes on all three major real-time PCR platforms.
Function Of Novel Nuclear Variant Bone Morphogenetic Protein (Nbmp2),
2013
Brigham Young University
Function Of Novel Nuclear Variant Bone Morphogenetic Protein (Nbmp2), Alina Schmidt, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Bmp2 is an important growth factor that regulates many stages of development including the development of the heart, muscle, and bone. A novel nuclear variant of BMP2 was discovered before my addition to the lab and studies began to determine nBMP2’s function. Of main importance to my project was the creation of nBMP2 chimeric mice.
Prolactin’S Effect On Ccl28 Gene Expression,
2013
Brigham Young University
Prolactin’S Effect On Ccl28 Gene Expression, Susanne Linderman, Dr. Eric Wilson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of my project was to determine whether or not the hormone prolactin had an effect on CCL28 gene expression. CCL28 is a chemotactic protein (chemokine) that attracts IgA antibody secreting cells (ASC) to the lactating mammary gland. Receptor proteins on the surface of IgA antibody secreting cells recognize the surrounding CCL28 concentrations, and cause these cells to migrate towards the source of CCL28.
Genetic Investigation Of The Protein Phou,
2013
Brigham Young University
Genetic Investigation Of The Protein Phou, Christopher D. Rice, Dr. William Mccleary
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Phosphate is a necessary chemical compound for life at any level. Organisms have developed different means of obtaining phosphate from their environments and maintaining an intracellular phosphate homeostasis. The creation and maintenance of such a homeostasis at the very least requires mechanisms for sensing phosphate levels within and without the cell and phosphate transporters which can be regulated accordingly. The protein PhoU is involved in this phosphate response regulation. While PhoU is found in Escherichia coli, a very broad range of bacteria contain homologues with several closely conserved regions suggesting not only that PhoU-like proteins are important for many microorganisms …
