Specific Binding Affinity Of The Non-Catalytic Domain Of Eukaryotic Like Type Ib Topoisomerase Of Vaccinia Virus,
2016
CUNY Graduate Center
Specific Binding Affinity Of The Non-Catalytic Domain Of Eukaryotic Like Type Ib Topoisomerase Of Vaccinia Virus, Benjamin R. Reed
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Topoisomerases are ubiquitous proteins that alter supercoiling in double stranded DNA (dsDNA) during transcription and replication and. vaccinia and the closely related poxvirus variola virus, at 314 amino acids in length, encode the smallest of the type I topoisomerases(TopIB). TopIB is a two domain protein that recognizes the sequence 5’-T/CCCTT, cleaves at the 3’-end and relaxes supercoiling through rotation. The C-terminal domain (CTD) alone contains the catalytic activity and specificity. Deletion of the N-terminal domain results in a greatly reduced rate of relaxation and rapid dissociation. Biochemical data suggests that the N-terminal domain (NTD) is important for pre-cleavage binding and …
Molecular Analysis Of Ftsz-Ring Assembly In E. Coli Cytokinesis,
2016
CUNY Graduate Center
Molecular Analysis Of Ftsz-Ring Assembly In E. Coli Cytokinesis, Kuo-Hsiang Huang
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
An essential first step in bacterial division is the assembly of a cytokinetic ring (Z-ring) formed by the tubulin-like FtsZ at midcell. The highly conserved core domain of FtsZ has been reported to mediate assembly of FtsZ polymers in vivo and in vitro. Species-specific differences in the FtsZ C-terminal domain such as the FtsZ CTV region and interactions with several modulatory proteins such as ZapC and ZapD, restricted to certain bacterial classes, also serve as key determinants of FtsZ protofilament bundling. Here, we characterize (i) the roles of the FtsZ CTV region in mediating both longitudinal and lateral interactions …
Presence Of A Prophage Determines Temperature-Dependent Capsule Production In Streptococcus Pyogenes.,
2016
George Washington University
Presence Of A Prophage Determines Temperature-Dependent Capsule Production In Streptococcus Pyogenes., Leslie Brown, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kyu Hong Cho
Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications
A hyaluronic acid capsule is a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes. It acts as an anti-phagocytic agent and adhesin to keratinocytes. The expression of the capsule is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by the two-component regulatory system CovRS, in which CovR acts as a transcriptional repressor. The covRS genes are frequently mutated in many invasive strains, and a subset of the invasive CovRS mutants does not produce a detectable level of the capsule at 37 °C, but produces a significant amount of the capsule at sub-body temperatures. Here, we report that a prophage has a …
A Global Edna Comparison Of Freshwater Bacterioplankton Assemblages Focusing On Large-River Floodplain Lakes Of Brazil,
2016
American Museum of Natural History
A Global Edna Comparison Of Freshwater Bacterioplankton Assemblages Focusing On Large-River Floodplain Lakes Of Brazil, Michael Tessler, Mercer R. Brugler, Rob Desalle, Rebecca Hersch, Luiz Felipe M. Velho, Bianca T. Segovia, Fabio A. Lansac-Toha, Michael J. Lemke
Publications and Research
With its network of lotic and lentic habitats that shift during changes in seasonal connection, the tropical and subtropical large-river systems represent possibly the most dynamic of all aquatic environments. Pelagic water samples were collected from Brazilian floodplain lakes (total n = 58) in four floodpulsed systems (Amazon [n = 21], Araguaia [n = 14], Paraná [n = 15], and Pantanal [n = 8]) in 2011–2012 and sequenced via 454 for bacterial environmental DNA using 16S amplicons; additional abiotic field and laboratory measurements were collected for the assayed lakes.We report here a global comparison of the bacterioplankton makeup of freshwater …
Nutrition And Helicobacter Pylori: Host Diet And Nutritional Immunity Influence Bacterial Virulence And Disease Outcome,
2016
Grand Valley State University
Nutrition And Helicobacter Pylori: Host Diet And Nutritional Immunity Influence Bacterial Virulence And Disease Outcome, Kathryn P. Haley, Jennifer A. Gaddy
Peer Reviewed Articles
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomachs of greater than 50% of the world’s human population making it arguably one of the most successful bacterial pathogens. Chronic H. pylori colonization results in gastritis in nearly all patients; however in a subset of people, persistent infection with H. pylori is associated with an increased risk for more severe disease outcomes including B-cell lymphoma of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) and invasive adenocarcinoma. Research aimed at elucidating determinants that mediate disease progression has revealed genetic differences in both humans and H. pylori which increase the risk for developing gastric cancer. Furthermore, host diet and …
Identification Of Microorganisms Isolated From Mars-Bound Spacecraft Using Maldi-Tof,
2016
Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo
Identification Of Microorganisms Isolated From Mars-Bound Spacecraft Using Maldi-Tof, Melanie K. Phillips
STAR Program Research Presentations
The primary goal of the Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group (BPPG) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is to prevent microbial contamination between Earth and other planetary bodies. This helps preserve the ability to study other worlds as they exist in their natural states and protects our biosphere from extraterrestrial life. The process for identifying microbes located on space-bound hardware in JPL can be more efficient and precise by using the technique called matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Once this identification technique is fully implemented, the process time will be reduced from two weeks to one …
Group I Intron Internal Guide Sequence Binding Strength As A Component Of Ribozyme Network Formation,
2016
Portland State University
Group I Intron Internal Guide Sequence Binding Strength As A Component Of Ribozyme Network Formation, Elizabeth Satterwhite, Jessica Anne Mellor Yeates, Niles Lehman
Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations
Origins-of-life research requires searching for a plausible transition from simple chemicals to larger macromolecules that can both hold information and catalyze their own production. We have previously shown that some group I intron ribozymes possess the ability to help synthesize other ribozyme genotypes by recombination reactions in small networks in an autocatalytic fashion. By simplifying these recombination reactions, using fluorescent anisotropy, we quantified the thermodynamic binding strength between two nucleotides of two group I intron RNA fragments for all 16 possible genotype combinations. We provide evidence that the binding strength (KD) between the 3-nucleotide internal guide sequence …
Characterizing Interaction Between Pask And Pbp1/ Atxn2 To Regulate Cell Growth And Proliferation,
2016
Brigham Young University
Characterizing Interaction Between Pask And Pbp1/ Atxn2 To Regulate Cell Growth And Proliferation, Nidhi Rajan Choksi
Theses and Dissertations
Pbp1 is a component of glucose deprivation induced stress granules and is involved in P-body-dependent granule assembly. We have recently shown that Pbp1 plays an important role in the interplay between three sensory protein kinases in yeast: AMP-regulated kinase (Snf1 in yeast), PAS kinase 1 (Psk1 in yeast), and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), to regulate glucose allocation during nutrient depletion. This signaling cascade occurs through the SNF1-dependent phosphorylation and activation of Psk1, which phosphorylates and activates poly(A)- binding protein binding protein 1 (Pbp1), which then inhibits TORC1 through sequestration at stress granules. In this study we further …
Mitochondrial Dna Sequence And Lack Of Response To Anoxia In The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus,
2016
Portland State University
Mitochondrial Dna Sequence And Lack Of Response To Anoxia In The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus, Josiah T. Wagner, Florisela H. Chavez, Jason E. Podrabsky
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus inhabits ephemeral ponds in regions of Venezuela, South America. Permanent populations of A. limnaeus are maintained by production of stress-tolerant embryos that are able to persist in the desiccated sediment. Previous work has demonstrated that A. limnaeus have a remarkable ability to tolerate extended periods of anoxia and desiccating conditions. After considering temperature, A. limnaeus embryos have the highest known tolerance to anoxia when compared to any other vertebrate yet studied. Oxygen is completely essential for the process of oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria, the intracellular organelle responsible for the majority of adenosine triphosphate production. Thus, …
Presence Of The Cyanotoxin Microcystin In Arctic Lakes Of Southwestern Greenland,
2016
Dartmouth College
Presence Of The Cyanotoxin Microcystin In Arctic Lakes Of Southwestern Greenland, Jessica Trout-Haney, Zachary Wood, Kathryn Cottingham
Dartmouth Scholarship
Cyanobacteria and their toxins have received significant attention in eutrophic temperate and tropical systems where conspicuous blooms of certain planktonic taxa release toxins into fresh water, threatening its potability and safe use for recreation. Although toxigenic cyanobacteria are not confined to high nutrient environments, bloom-forming species, or planktonic taxa, these other situations are studied les often studied. For example, toxin production in picoplankton and benthic cyanobacteria—the predominant photoautotrophs found in polar lakes—is poorly understood. We quantified the occurrence of microcystin (MC, a hepatotoxic cyanotoxin) across 18 Arctic lakes in southwestern Greenland. All of the focal lakes contained detectable levels of …
Pengaruh Aplikasi Pelapisan Benih Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Terdeteriorasi Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai,
2016
Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
Pengaruh Aplikasi Pelapisan Benih Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Terdeteriorasi Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai, Sumadi, P. Suryatmana, Denny Sobardini
Jurnal Kultivasi
Kualitas benih akan mempengaruhi dinamika pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji respons benih terdeteriorasi terhadap aplikasi berbagai pelapis benih, baik berupa insektisida maupun pelapis hayati berupa suspensi mikroorganisma yang dicerminkan dengan peningkatan laju tumbuh tanaman. Penelitian merupakan percobaan petak terbagi dua faktor, yaitu tingkat deteriorasi (D) yang terdiri dari benih berkualitas baik (DB = 84 %) dan benih terdeteriorasi (DB = 75 %). Pelapis benih yang digunakan terdiri dari Thiametoxam, Rhizobium sp, Azotobakter sp, campuran Azotobakter sp + Rhizobium sp, dan Trichoderma sp. Hasil Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara tingkat deteriorasi benih dengan jenis pelapis …
An Ultrasensitive Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence-Based Immunoassay For Specific Detection Of Zika Virus,
2016
University of Southern Mississippi
An Ultrasensitive Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence-Based Immunoassay For Specific Detection Of Zika Virus, Amber M. Paul, Dhiraj Acharya, Pradip Bastola, Linda Le, Estenfani Fernandez, Michael S. Diamond, Wujian Miao, Fengwei Bai
Publications
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that can cause severe fetal abnormalities, including microcephaly. As such, highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Here, we report a novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay for ultrasensitive and specific detection of ZIKV in human biological fluids. We loaded polystyrene beads (PSB) with a large number of ECL labels and conjugated them with anti-ZIKV monoclonal antibodies to generate anti-ZIKV-PSBs. These anti-ZIKV-PSBs efficiently captured ZIKV in solution forming ZIKV-anti-ZIKV-PSB complexes, which were subjected to measurement of ECL intensity after further magnetic beads separation. Our results show that the anti-ZIKV-PSBs …
Epidemiological And Virological Characterization Of Influenza B Virus Infections,
2016
New York Medical College
Epidemiological And Virological Characterization Of Influenza B Virus Infections, Sivan Sharabi, Yaron Drori, Michal Micheli, Nehemya Friedman, Aharona Glatman-Freedman, Michal Mandelboim
NYMC Faculty Publications
While influenza A viruses comprise a heterogeneous group of clinically relevant influenza viruses, influenza B viruses form a more homogeneous cluster, divided mainly into two lineages: Victoria and Yamagata. This divergence has complicated seasonal influenza vaccine design, which traditionally contained two seasonal influenza A virus strains and one influenza B virus strain. We examined the distribution of the two influenza B virus lineages in Israel, between 2011-2014, in hospitalized and in non-hospitalized (community) influenza B virus-infected patients. We showed that influenza B virus infections can lead to hospitalization and demonstrated that during some winter seasons, both influenza B virus lineages …
Anomaly Detection In Host Signaling Pathways For The Early Prognosis Of Acute Infection,
2016
Colorado State University
Anomaly Detection In Host Signaling Pathways For The Early Prognosis Of Acute Infection, Kun Wang, Stanley Langevin, Corey S. O'Hern, Mark D. Shattuck, Serenity Ogle, Adriana Forero, Juliet Morrison, Richard Slayden, Michael G. Katze, Michael Kirby
Publications and Research
Clinical diagnosis of acute infectious diseases during the early stages of infection is critical to administering the appropriate treatment to improve the disease outcome. We present a data driven analysis of the human cellular response to respiratory viruses including influenza, respiratory syncytia virus, and human rhinovirus, and compared this with the response to the bacterial endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Using an anomaly detection framework we identified pathways that clearly distinguish between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients infected with the four different respiratory viruses and that accurately diagnosed patients exposed to a bacterial infection. Connectivity pathway analysis comparing the viral and bacterial diagnostic …
Building From The Hiv Response Toward Universal Health Coverage,
2016
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Building From The Hiv Response Toward Universal Health Coverage, Jonathon Jay, Kent Buse, Marielle Hart, Robert Marten, Scott Kellerman, Morolake Odetoyinbo, Jonathan D. Quick, Timothy Evans, Peter Piot, Mark Dybul, Agnes Binagwaho
Dartmouth Scholarship
Universal health coverage (UHC) has gained prominence as a global health priority. The UHC movement aims to increase access to quality, needed health services while reducing financial hardship from health spending, particularly in low- and middle- income countries.
As a policy agenda, UHC has been identified primarily with prepayment and risk-pool- ing programs. While financing policies provide important benefits, increasing access to health services will require broader reforms.
For lessons, the UHC movement should look to the global HIV response, which has confronted many of the same barriers to access in weak health systems. Considerable success on HIV has resulted …
Contribution Of A Putative Up Element Dna Sequence To The Activity Of A Newly Identified Phage Promoter,
2016
Western Kentucky University
Contribution Of A Putative Up Element Dna Sequence To The Activity Of A Newly Identified Phage Promoter, Courtney Hamilton
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
In transcription, a universal step in gene expression, information from a DNA sequence is copied into RNA. A key component in gene expression is the promoter sequence, a region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds during the initiation of transcription of downstream genes. Most bacterial promoters contain a -10 and a -35 sequence that are bound by the RNA polymerase. Some promoters also contain an Upstream Promoter (UP) element. UP elements have been shown to boost promoter activity. We recently identified a new promoter in a mutant bacteriophage that grows on a bacterial host that prevents antitermination of phage …
External Morphology Of The Eggs Of Asplanchnopus Multiceps (Schrank, 1793) (Rotifera): Solving The 150-Year-Old Case Of Mistaken Identity,
2016
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
External Morphology Of The Eggs Of Asplanchnopus Multiceps (Schrank, 1793) (Rotifera): Solving The 150-Year-Old Case Of Mistaken Identity, Elizabeth S. Wurdak
Biology Faculty Publications
This report calls into question the practice of passing along illustrations and anatomical descriptions from the literature without scrutiny. An error made by Leydig (Zeischrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 6:1–120, 1854) in characterizing the egg of Asplanchnopus multiceps was perpetuated in authoritative publications (Hyman, The Invertebrates: Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta. The pseudocoelomate Bilateria, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1951; Voigt, Rotatoria: Die Rädertiere Mitteleuropas, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin-Nikolassee, 1957; Ruttner-Kolisko, Plankton rotifers, biology and taxonomy supplementary edition of Die Binnengewässer 26, Stuttgart, 1974; Koste, Rotatoria: Die Rädertiere Mitteleuropas begründet von Max Voigt. Monogononta 2. Auflage neubearbeitet von Walter Koste, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, …
Prophylactic Bacteriophage Administration More Effective Than Post-Infection Administration In Reducing Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis Shedding In Quail,
2016
Tarbiat Modares University
Prophylactic Bacteriophage Administration More Effective Than Post-Infection Administration In Reducing Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis Shedding In Quail, Mosab Ahmadi, M. Amir Karimi Torshizi, Shaban Rahimi, John J. Dennehy
Publications and Research
Infections caused by Salmonella bacteria, often through poultry products, are a serious public health issue. Because of drawbacks associated with antibiotic prophylaxis, alternative treatments are sought. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) may provide an effective alternative, but concerns remain with respect to bacteriophage stability and effectiveness. To this end, we assessed the stability of a novel bacteriophage isolated from poultry excreta, siphovirus PSE, and its effectiveness in reducing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we sought to determine how the timing (prophylactic or therapeutic) and route (oral gavage or vent lip) of PSE administration impacted its effectiveness. …
Comparative Genomics Of 9 Novel Paenibacillus Larvae Bacteriophages,
2016
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Comparative Genomics Of 9 Novel Paenibacillus Larvae Bacteriophages, Casey Stamereilers, Lucy Leblanc, Diane Yost, Penny S. Amy, Philippos K. Tsourkas
Life Sciences Faculty Research
American Foulbrood Disease, caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, is one of the most destructive diseases of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Our group recently published the sequences of 9 new phages with the ability to infect and lyse P. larvae. Here, we characterize the genomes of these P. larvae phages, compare them to each other and to other sequenced P. larvae phages, and putatively identify protein function. The phage genomes are 38–45 kb in size and contain 68–86 genes, most of which appear to be unique to P. larvae phages. We classify P. larvae phages into 2 main clusters and …
Mapping Mayapple Growth In Restored Forest,
2016
Calvin University
Mapping Mayapple Growth In Restored Forest, Jonathan Walt, Stephanie Praamsma, Tanner Vincent, David P. Warners
Student Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
