Insights Into Key Gene Regulatory Networks In Borrelia Burgdorferi,
2018
University of Kentucky
Insights Into Key Gene Regulatory Networks In Borrelia Burgdorferi, William Kenneth Arnold
Theses and Dissertations--Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics
Gene regulatory networks are composed of interconnected regulatory nodes created by regulatory factors of multiple types. All organisms finely tune gene expression in order to adapt to and survive within their current niche. Obligate parasitic bacteria are under extreme pressure to quickly and appropriately adapt their gene regulatory programs in order to survive within their given host. Borrelia burgdorferi is one such organism and persists in nature by alternating between two hosts; Ixodes spp. ticks and small vertebrate animals. These two hosts represent drastically different environments; requiring a unique gene regulatory program to survive and transmit between them. Microbiologists have …
Identification Of Unequally
Represented Founder Viruses Among
Tissues In Very Early Siv Rectal
Transmission,
2018
Fudan University
Identification Of Unequally Represented Founder Viruses Among Tissues In Very Early Siv Rectal Transmission, Jian Chen, Yanqin Ren, Lance Daharsh, Lu Liu, Guobin Kang, Qingsheng Li, Qiang Wei, Yanmin Wu, Jianqing Xu
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Characterizing the transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses of multi-variant SIV infection may shed new light on the understanding of mucosal transmission.We intrarectally inoculated six Chinese rhesus macaques with a single high dose of SIVmac251 (3.1 × 104 TCID50) and obtained 985 full-length env sequences from multiple tissues at 6 and 10 days post-infection by single genome amplification (SGA). All 6 monkeys were infected with a range of 2 to 8 T/F viruses and the dominant variants from the inoculum were still dominant in different tissues from each monkey. Interestingly, our data showed that a cluster of rare T/F viruses …
Analytical Performance Of A Low‐Cost Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Assay For Use In Sub‐Saharan Africa,
2018
University of Nebraska- Lincoln
Analytical Performance Of A Low‐Cost Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Assay For Use In Sub‐Saharan Africa, Kandali Samwel, Crispin Kahesa, Julius Mwaiselage, Daniela Gonzalez, John T. West, Charles Wood, Joel Palefsky, Peter C. Angeletti
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We have tested a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assay to fill the need for rapid and low‐cost HPV detection in Sub‐ Saharan Africa. This method allows high throughput genotyping and simultaneous detection of 14 high‐risk and two low‐risk HPV types, by PCR amplification of HPV DNAs in a single reaction tube. In this study, we describe stepwise experiments to validate the multiplex HPV PCR assay for determination of HPV genotypes from 104 cervical brush samples from Tanzanian women. Assay performance was evaluated by determination of intra‐laboratory reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity. Further performance was assessed by …
Discovery Of A Non-Nucleoside Rna Polymerase
Inhibitor For Blocking Zika Virus Replication
Through In Silico Screening,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Discovery Of A Non-Nucleoside Rna Polymerase Inhibitor For Blocking Zika Virus Replication Through In Silico Screening, Aryamav Pattnaik, Nicholas Palermo, Bikash R. Sahoo, Zhe Yuan, Duoyi Hu, Arun S. Annamalai, Hiep L. X. Vu, Ignacio Correas, Pavan Kumar Prathipati, Christopher J. Destache, Qingsheng Li, Fernando A. Osorio, Asit K. Pattnaik, Shi-Hua Xiang
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arbovirus, has become a major human health concern globally due to its association with congenital abnormalities and neurological diseases. Licensed vaccines or antivirals against ZIKV are currently unavailable. Here, by employing a structure-based approach targeting the ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), we conducted in silico screening of a library of 100,000 small molecules and tested the top ten lead compounds for their ability to inhibit the virus replication in cell-based in vitro assays. One compound, 3-chloro-N-[({4-[4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl}amino)carbonothioyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide (TPB), potently inhibited ZIKV replication at submicromolar concentrations. Molecular docking analysis suggests that …
Expression And Function Of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 Isoforms In Transformed Endometriotic And Malignant Ovarian Cells,
2018
University of South Florida
Expression And Function Of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 Isoforms In Transformed Endometriotic And Malignant Ovarian Cells, Stephanie Rockfield, Idhaliz Flores, Meera Nanjundan
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
Iron is proposed to contribute to the transition from endometriosis to specific subtypes of ovarian cancers (OVCAs). Regulation of intracellular iron occurs via a ferritinophagic process involving NCOA4 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4), represented by two major isoforms (NCOA4α and NCOA4β), whose contribution to ovarian cancer biology remains uninvestigated. We thus generated transformed endometriotic cells (via HRASV12A, c-MYCT58A, and p53 inactivation) whose migratory potential was increased in response to conditioned media from senescent endometriotic cells. We identified elevated NCOA4 mRNA in transformed endometriotic cells (relative to non-transformed). Knockdown of NCOA4 increased ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and p21 …
Mbd2-Cp2c Loop Drives Adult-Type Globin Gene Expression And Definitive Erythropoiesis,
2018
Hanyang University
Mbd2-Cp2c Loop Drives Adult-Type Globin Gene Expression And Definitive Erythropoiesis, Min Young Kim, Ji Sook Kim, Seung Han Son, Chang Su Lim, Hea Young Eum, Dae Hyun Ha, Mi Ae Park, Eun Jung Baek, Buom-Yong Ryu, Ho Chul Kang, Vladimir N. Uversky, Chul Geun Kim
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
During hematopoiesis, red blood cells originate from the hematopoietic stem cell reservoir. Although the regulation of erythropoiesis and globin expression has been intensively investigated, the underlining mechanisms are not fully understood, including the interplay between transcription factors and epigenetic factors. Here, we uncover that the Mbd2-free NuRD chromatin remodeling complex potentiates erythroid differentiation of proerythroblasts via managing functions of the CP2c complexes. We found that both Mbd2 and Mbd3 expression is downregulated during differentiation of MEL cells in vitro and in normal erythropoiesis in mouse bone marrow, and Mbd2 downregulation is crucial for erythropoiesis. In uninduced MEL cells, the Mbd2-NuRD …
Yeast Lifespan Variation Correlates With Cell Growth And Sir2 Expression,
2018
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Yeast Lifespan Variation Correlates With Cell Growth And Sir2 Expression, Jessica T. Smith, Jill W. White, Huzefa Dungrawala, Hui Hua, Brandt L. Schneider
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
Isogenic wild type yeast cells raised in controlled environments display a significant range of lifespan variation. Recent microfluidic studies suggest that differential growth or gene expression patterns may explain some of the heterogeneity of aging assays. Herein, we sought to complement this work by similarly examining a large set of replicative lifespan data from traditional plate assays. In so doing, we reproduced the finding that short-lived cells tend to arrest at senescence with a budded morphology. Further, we found that wild type cells born unusually small did not have an extended lifespan. However, large birth size and/or high inter-generational growth …
Radx Modulates Rad51 Activity To Control Replication Fork Protection,
2018
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Radx Modulates Rad51 Activity To Control Replication Fork Protection, Kamakoti P. Bhat, Archana Krishnamoorthy, Huzefa Dungrawala, Edwige B. Garcin, Mauro Modesti, David Cortez
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
RAD51 promotes homologous recombination repair (HR) of double-strand breaks and acts during DNA replication to facilitate fork reversal and protect nascent DNA strands from nuclease digestion. Several additional HR proteins regulate fork protection by promoting RAD51 filament formation. Here, we show that RADX modulates stalled fork protection by antagonizing RAD51. Consequently, silencing RADX restores fork protection in cells deficient for BRCA1, BRCA2, FANCA, FANCD2, or BOD1L. Inactivating RADX prevents both MRE11- and DNA2-dependent fork degradation. Furthermore, RADX overexpression causes fork degradation that is dependent on these nucleases and fork reversal. The amount of RAD51 determines the fate of stalled replication …
Septal Secretion Of Protein A In Staphylococcus Aureus Requires Seca And Lipoteichoic Acid Synthesis,
2018
University of Chicago
Septal Secretion Of Protein A In Staphylococcus Aureus Requires Seca And Lipoteichoic Acid Synthesis, Wenqi Yu, Dominique Missiakas, Olaf Schneewind
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are secreted across septal membranes for assembly into the bacterial cross-wall. This localized secretion requires the YSIRK/GXXS motif signal peptide, however the mechanisms supporting precursor trafficking are not known. We show here that the signal peptide of staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is cleaved at the YSIRK/GXXS motif. A SpA signal peptide mutant defective for YSIRK/GXXS cleavage is also impaired for septal secretion and co-purifies with SecA, SecDF and LtaS. SecA depletion blocks precursor targeting to septal membranes, whereas deletion of secDF diminishes SpA secretion into the cross-wall. Depletion of LtaS blocks lipoteichoic acid synthesis and …
Trends In Antibiotic Resistance And Correlations Of Antibiotic Use And Antibiotic Resistance In A Small Hospital In El Paso, Texas 2013-2015,
2018
University of Texas at El Paso
Trends In Antibiotic Resistance And Correlations Of Antibiotic Use And Antibiotic Resistance In A Small Hospital In El Paso, Texas 2013-2015, Christopher Olivas
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health threat, primarily, resulting from the excess and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption trends may differ along the U.S-Mexico border from the rest of the U.S. due to geographical and cultural differences unique to the border region. The objectives of this study were: 1.) To examine the trends in antibiotic resistance among E. coli, ESBL producing E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and MRSA over a 3-year period (2013, 2014, 2015) in a U.S.-Mexico border area hospital; 2.) To examine the trends in antibiotic consumption among aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, …
Tripartite Interactions Of Legumes With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Rhizobial Bacteria: Insight Into Plant Growth, Seed Yield, And Resource Exchange,
2018
South Dakota State University
Tripartite Interactions Of Legumes With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Rhizobial Bacteria: Insight Into Plant Growth, Seed Yield, And Resource Exchange, Arjun Kafle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Under natural conditions, legumes, such as alfalfa (Medicago) and soybean (Glycine max) are colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobial bacteria forming tripartite interactions. Legumes are important crop species due to their high nutritional and economic values. Most of the previous literatures focused on experiments with an individual symbiont: either AM fungi or rhizobial bacteria, but not with both symbionts at the same time, thus our current understanding of resource exchange in tripartite interactions is limited. It has been reported that AM fungi primarily provide phosphate (P), nitrogen (N), and other nutritional and non-nutritional benefits while rhizobial bacteria solely …
Diversity Of Free – Living Nitrogen – Fixing Bacteria In Soil Of Sioux Prairie Of South Dakota,
2018
South Dakota State University
Diversity Of Free – Living Nitrogen – Fixing Bacteria In Soil Of Sioux Prairie Of South Dakota, Nabilah Ali Alshibli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There are only two natural ways by which molecular nitrogen can be available to support life, either by free-living or by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. The best studied diazotrophs form symbiotic associations with plants, primarily legumes and certain tree species, but little is known about how non-leguminous plants such as grasses obtain nitrogen in their environment. Natural prairies have few legumes, thus have less symbiotic nitrogen fixer interaction. This indicates presence of free-living nitrogen (FLN) fixation activity towards the balance of the N cycle. The objective of this study was to characterize the culturable diversity of free-living diazotrophs in native …
Gtpase-Activating Protein-Binding Protein 1 Plays An Antiviral Role In Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Replication,
2018
South Dakota State University
Gtpase-Activating Protein-Binding Protein 1 Plays An Antiviral Role In Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Replication, Kabita Pandey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a non-segmented virus which uses one-stranded, positive-sense RNA as genetic material. PEDV falls under Coronaviridae family and extensive diarrhea and dehydration in nursing piglets are the major clinical signs. This emerging disease leads to huge economic loss in the pig farming. Very less studies are done towards the role of innate immunity in PEDV infection. The formation of Stress granules (SGs) are seen when cells are introduced to different stressful conditions, which also includes viral infections. SGs are formed when one of the four kinases: doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum …
Universal Swine Influenza Antigen And Vaccine,
2018
South Dakota State University
Universal Swine Influenza Antigen And Vaccine, Zhao Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Swine influenza A viruses pose a serious concern for global health and worldwide swine industry considering their evasion from vaccine-induced immune responses. Formulation of effective influenza vaccines can be complicated by both antigenic shift to a different subtype of hemagglutinin (HAs) and antigenic drift within a particular HA subtype. To address these concerns, we employed a systematic approach to determine the antigenic determinants of swine influenza A viruses by focusing on H1 and H3 subtypes. In parallel, we used a cross-disciplinary approach including structural biology and modeling, virology, and immunology to identify swine influenza A virus-derived HA fusion intermediates broadly …
Serological Evidence For The Co-Circulation Of Two Lineages Of Influenza D Virus In Equine Populations Of The Midwest United States,
2018
South Dakota State University
Serological Evidence For The Co-Circulation Of Two Lineages Of Influenza D Virus In Equine Populations Of The Midwest United States, Hunter Theodore Nedland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly described lineage of the Orthomyxoviridae virus family that was first isolated from diseased swine in 2011 and has subsequently been detected in cattle around the world in 2014. In addition, serological evidence for IDV infection in humans has been recently established. Despite all the progress, the full range of susceptible hosts for this novel virus has yet to be determined, but includes swine, bovine, small ruminants and human. This study was designed to determine if equine is a possible host to this newly emerging influenza virus. 364 equine serum samples were collected in …
Improving The Nutritional Characteristics Of Plant Feedstuff By-Products Using Fungal Metabolism,
2018
South Dakota State University
Improving The Nutritional Characteristics Of Plant Feedstuff By-Products Using Fungal Metabolism, Jacob Zahler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Plant feedstuff by-products such as soy processing wastewater, guar korma meal, and sorghum hominy are very different, however, all possess a rich nutrient profile. Lessening their value is the presence of lignocellulose, plant anti-nutritional factors, and unfavorable protein profiles. Fungal conversion processes are an attractive approach to improving the value of these by-products by degrading detrimental fractions of each while simultaneously creating nutrient-rich cell mass. The aim of this research was to improve the value of each by-product for potential application in monogastric diets such as fish. Fungal organisms, both yeast and filamentous fungi, were examined for their ability to …
Cell Fragmentation And Permeabilization By A 1 Ns Pulse Driven Triple-Point Electrode,
2018
Old Dominion University
Cell Fragmentation And Permeabilization By A 1 Ns Pulse Driven Triple-Point Electrode, Enbo Yang, Joy Li, Michael Cho, Shu Xiao
Bioelectrics Publications
Ultrashort electric pulses (ns-ps) are useful in gaining understanding as to how pulsed electric fields act upon biological cells, but the electric field intensity to induce biological responses is typically higher than longer pulses and therefore a high voltage ultrashort pulse generator is required. To deliver 1 ns pulses with sufficient electric field but at a relatively low voltage, we used a glass-encapsulated tungsten wire triple-point electrode (TPE) at the interface among glass, tungsten wire, and water when it is immersed in water. A high electric field (2MV/cm) can be created when pulses are applied. However, such a high electric …
Ictv Virus Taxonomy Profile: Chrysoviridae,
2018
University of Kentucky
Ictv Virus Taxonomy Profile: Chrysoviridae, Said A. Ghabrial, José R. Castón, Robert H. A. Coutts, Bradley I. Hillman, Daohong Jiang, Dae-Hyun Kim, Hiromitsu Moriyama, Ictv Report Consortium
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
The Chrysoviridae is a family of small, isometric, non-enveloped viruses (40 nm in diameter) with segmented dsRNA genomes (typically four segments). The genome segments are individually encapsidated and together comprise 11.5–12.8 kbp. The single genus Chrysovirus includes nine species. Chrysoviruses lack an extracellular phase to their life cycle; they are transmitted via intracellular routes within an individual during hyphal growth, in asexual or sexual spores, or between individuals via hyphal anastomosis. There are no known natural vectors for chrysoviruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Chrysoviridae, which …
Ictv Virus Taxonomy Profile: Partitiviridae,
2018
Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finland
Ictv Virus Taxonomy Profile: Partitiviridae, Eeva J. Vainio, Sotaro Chiba, Said A. Ghabrial, Edgar Maiss, Marilyn Roossinck, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Jiatao Xie, Max Nibert, Ictv Report Consortium
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
The Partitiviridae is a family of small, isometric, non-enveloped viruses with bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genomes of 3–4.8 kbp. The two genome segments are individually encapsidated. The family has five genera, with characteristic hosts for members of each genus: either plants or fungi for genera Alphapartitivirus and Betapartitivirus, fungi for genus Gammapartitivirus, plants for genus Deltapartitivirus and protozoa for genus Cryspovirus. Partitiviruses are transmitted intracellularly via seeds (plants), oocysts (protozoa) or hyphal anastomosis, cell division and sporogenesis (fungi); there are no known natural vectors. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) …
Biotransformation Of Oxo-Bile Acids Derivatives By Human Gut Bacteria,
2018
Eastern Illinois University
Biotransformation Of Oxo-Bile Acids Derivatives By Human Gut Bacteria, Laina Sallam
Masters Theses
Bile acids are one group of steroids that can be metabolically transformed by human gut anaerobes. One of these transformations is the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids by 7α-dehydroxylating gut bacteria such as Clostridium scindens, Clostridium hylemonae, and Clostridium hiranonis. These anaerobes metabolize bile acid derivatives via 3α- and 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH). Studies to date have not reported if these organisms are capable of converting 12-oxolithocholic acid (12-oxoLCA) to deoxycholic acid (DCA). The emphasis of this study was to determine the ability of C. scindens ATCC 35704, C. hiranonis DSM 13275, and C. …
