Elucidating The Impact And Mechanism Of Hepatitis C Virus Cell-To-Cell Spread,
2020
Loyola University Chicago
Elucidating The Impact And Mechanism Of Hepatitis C Virus Cell-To-Cell Spread, Karina Durso-Cain
Dissertations
Virus cell-to-cell spread has been implicated in the establishment of persistent infection and has been shown to be involved in the transmission of antiviral resistant mutants. However, relatively little is known about how virus cell-to-cell spread impacts infection or the specific mechanisms by which cell-to-cell spread occurs. as such, this dissertation focused on investigating HCV cell-to-cell spread not only to learn more about this medically important virus, but also to determine the broader impact cell-to-cell spread has on viral infection dynamics, identify the cellular factors involved, and perhaps ultimately provide insight into antiviral strategies that might enhance the barrier to …
Distinct Roles For Carbohydrate And Protein Receptors In Coronavirus Infection,
2020
Loyola University Chicago
Distinct Roles For Carbohydrate And Protein Receptors In Coronavirus Infection, Enya Qing
Dissertations
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are common human and animal pathogens. in humans, four endemic CoV species together account for one third of mild respiratory infections worldwide. More severe and frequently fatal respiratory pathologies are caused by recent CoV outbreaks that resulted from occasional zoonotic spillover from animal CoV reservoirs, namely, SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Because CoVs threaten global health, any chance of relieving CoV's threat on human populations would rely heavily on our understanding of the mechanistic requirements for CoV tropism, whose major determinant is at the level of viral entry. CoVs have evolved to use …
Zika Virus Inactivates Polyamine Catabolism Via Alternative Splicing To Enhance Infection,
2020
Loyola University Chicago
Zika Virus Inactivates Polyamine Catabolism Via Alternative Splicing To Enhance Infection, Marion Lea Graham
Master's Theses
During viral infection, the virus and host must compete for resources inside the cell. One of these resources is polyamines. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules that are found in all eukaryotic cells. They play a key role in several cellular functions including growth and proliferation, transcription and translation, and membrane stability. Viruses also rely polyamines for productive replication, utilizing them during DNA/RNa polymerization, nucleic acid packaging, and protein synthesis. in response to a virus infecting a host cell, the host cell will begin to regulate polyamine levels as a way to combat the infection. Polyamine levels are regulated by …
Investigating The Role Of Hypusine In Viral Translation And Infection,
2020
Loyola University Chicago
Investigating The Role Of Hypusine In Viral Translation And Infection, Jeremy Joseph Esin
Master's Theses
Polyamines are small, positively charged, molecules found in eukaryotic cells with roles in cellular function and viral infection. in previous work we have shown RNa viruses, including bunyaviruses, to be sensitive to polyamine depletion, but exact mechanisms are unknown. Bunyaviruses are emerging pathogens that cause encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers, and meningitis. Rift Valley Fever Virus is a bunyavirus that infects both humans and livestock with severe mortality and morbidity. in previous work done with Rift Valley Fever Virus polyamine depleted results in noninfectious interfering particles without affecting the shape or size of the particles. Here, I investigate a specific metabolic pathway …
A Susceptibility Study Of Urinary Isolates To Methenamine Hippurate And Its Metabolites,
2020
Loyola University Chicago
A Susceptibility Study Of Urinary Isolates To Methenamine Hippurate And Its Metabolites, Nancy Sloan
Master's Theses
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in adult women. Treatment is one of the most common reasons for antibiotic prescription. the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections coupled with the shortage of new antibiotics creates an urgent need for alternative non-antibiotic treatments. One alternative is methenamine hippurate (MH), which is a non-antibiotic prophylaxis. It is reported to be active against some common uropathogens including Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species, but its effects on the newly discovered bladder microbiota (urobiome) are undocumented. Given this knowledge gap, this study aimed to evaluate the drug's spectrum of susceptibility on …
Determining Interactions Between Bacteriophage And Urinary Microbiome Lysogens,
2020
Loyola University Chicago
Determining Interactions Between Bacteriophage And Urinary Microbiome Lysogens, Michael Bochert
Master's Theses
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. They are the most abundant life forms on earth. It is estimated that there are approximately 10³⁰ phages on the planet (Chibani-Chennoufi et al. 2004). They outnumber their bacterial hosts approximately 10 to 1. Bacteria inhabit most niches on the planet including the human body, where they play critical roles in health and disease. Since phages shape bacterial populations the same way that viruses, such as smallpox and measles, shaped human populations, it is important to understand how they interact with their bacterial hosts. The majority of the phages that we know of …
Molecular And Functional Analyses Of Serine Protease Genes In Halophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418,
2020
Faculty of Science
Molecular And Functional Analyses Of Serine Protease Genes In Halophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418, Tanutcha Patipong
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Serine proteases are a class of important proteolytic enzymes that contain a common serine residue, which functions as a nucleophile in the catalytic triad at the active site. They are ubiquitous and abundant proteins found in all living organisms with a wide array of molecular, cellular and physiological functions. In cyanobacteria, the information on serine protease functions is very limited, especially in halotolerant species. This study focuses on comparative analyses of serine proteases in a halotolerant cyanobacterium Halothece sp. PCC 7418 (Halothece 7418) and the model freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, regulation under salt-stress condition and functional characterization of …
การคัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัสและการผลิตน้ำมันจากทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าเพื่อการผลิตไบโอดีเซล,
2020
คณะวิทยาศาสตร์
การคัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัสและการผลิตน้ำมันจากทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าเพื่อการผลิตไบโอดีเซล, ตฤณเศรษฐ์ วีระพันธุ์
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
คัดกรองยีสต์โอลีจินัส Naganishia cerealis สายพันธุ์ IN1S2.5 ซึ่งมีน้ำมันสะสมในเซลล์ 24.79% (กรัม/กรัมเซลล์แห้ง) เมื่อเพาะเลี้ยงในอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อสังเคราะห์ที่มีอัตราส่วนคาร์บอนต่อไนโตรเจนสูง ได้จากยีสต์ 39 ไอโซเลตซึ่งคัดแยกจากตัวอย่างที่เก็บจากอุทยานแห่งชาติดอยอินทนนท์ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ผลการประเมินศักยภาพของทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตน้ำมันยีสต์ N. cerealis IN1S2.5 และการนำน้ำมันยีสต์ที่ผลิตได้ไปใช้ประโยชน์ พบว่าทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าให้น้ำตาลกลูโคสสูงสุด 16.67 กรัม/ลิตร เมื่อถูกปรับสภาพโดยการแช่ในโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เข้มข้น 2 โมลาร์ (16 ชั่วโมง) จากนั้นระเบิดด้วยไอน้ำขณะแขวนลอยในโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์เข้มข้น 2.4% (น้ำหนัก/ปริมาตร) ที่ 200°ซ ความดัน 200 psi เป็นเวลา 5 นาที แล้วย่อยด้วยเซลลูเลส (6 ชั่วโมง) N. cerealis IN1S2.5 ที่เพาะเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่า ซึ่งเติมกลูโคส 75 กรัม/ลิตร โพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต 4 กรัม/ลิตร แคลเซียมคลอไรด์ไดไฮเดรต 0.05 กรัม/ลิตร และซิงค์ซัลเฟตเฮพตะไฮเดรต 0.02 กรัม/ลิตร พีเอช 4.0 ให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันสูงสุด 2.46 กรัม/ลิตร จากการทำนายคุณสมบัติของไบโอดีเซลที่ผลิตได้ แสดงให้เห็นว่าน้ำมันยีสต์ N. cerealis IN1S2.5 มีศักยภาพที่จะเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตไบโอดีเซล นอกจากนี้ได้ประเมินศักยภาพของไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับผลิตกรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกโดยใช้ยีสต์โอลีจินัส Cyberlindnera subsufficiens สายพันธุ์ NG8.2 การเพาะเลี้ยง Cy. subsufficiens NG8.2 ในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าที่ผสมกับไฮโดรไลเสตแป้งมันสำปะหลัง เพื่อทำให้ความเข้มข้นของน้ำตาลในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าสูงขึ้น ทำให้ได้น้ำมันที่มีกรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกสูงกว่า การเพาะเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่าซึ่งทำให้ความเข้มข้นของน้ำตาลสูงขึ้นโดยการนำเอาสารละลายกลูโคสมาผสม การเติมโพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต 1 กรัม/ลิตร แมกนีเซียมซัลเฟตเฮพตะไฮเดรต 0.5 กรัม/ลิตร และแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ไดไฮเดรต 0.1 กรัม/ลิตร ลงในสารละลายผสมระหว่างไฮโดรไลเสตทะลายปาล์มน้ำมันเปล่ากับไฮโดรไลเสตแป้งมันสำปะหลัง ที่พีเอช 5.0 ทำให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 1.96 กรัม/ลิตร การลดอุณหภูมิการบ่มจาก 30°ซ เป็น 25°ซ ทำให้กรดปาล์มิโตเลอิกในน้ำมันเพิ่มขึ้นจาก …
การคัดกรองยีสต์ผลิตน้ำมันและการหาภาวะเหมาะที่สุดของการผลิตน้ำมันจากไฮโดรไลเสตของใบอ้อย,
2020
คณะวิทยาศาสตร์
การคัดกรองยีสต์ผลิตน้ำมันและการหาภาวะเหมาะที่สุดของการผลิตน้ำมันจากไฮโดรไลเสตของใบอ้อย, พัชราภรณ์ หุ่นดี
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ยีสต์ 223 ไอโซเลต ที่คัดแยกได้จาก 223 ตัวอย่าง ที่เก็บจากแหล่งธรรมชาติ 9 แห่งในประเทศไทย ถูกนำมาคัดกรองยีสต์ที่สะสมน้ำมันในเซลล์สูง การคัดกรองเบื้องต้นโดยการย้อมเซลล์ด้วยสีไนล์เรด พบว่ามียีสต์ 16 สายพันธุ์ที่มีขนาดหยดน้ำมันภายในเซลล์ใหญ่กว่าครึ่งหนึ่งของขนาดเซลล์ ผลการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณน้ำมันสะสมภายในเซลล์ยีสต์เหล่านี้โดยเลี้ยงในอาหารผลิตน้ำมันที่ทราบองค์ประกอบทางเคมี ซึ่งมีกลูโคส 50 กรัม/ลิตร เป็นแหล่งคาร์บอน และบ่มที่อุณหภูมิ 30 องศาเซลเซียส เขย่า 200 รอบต่อนาที เป็นเวลา 6 วัน พบว่า Papiliotrema laurentii N-16.2, Rhodotorula (Rh.) sphaerocarpa 11-14.4, Saitozyma (Sait.) podzolica 11-11.3.1 และ Sait. podzolica N-8.4 เป็นยีสต์อุดมน้ำมัน การศึกษาการผลิตน้ำมันจากไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อย (sugarcane leaves hydrolysate, SLH) ของยีสต์อุดมน้ำมันที่คัดกรองได้ พบว่าทุกสายพันธุ์สามารถผลิตน้ำมันในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อย โดย Rh. sphaerocarpa 11-14.4 ให้ผลผลิตน้ำมันสูงที่สุด (0.98 กรัม/ลิตร) การหาภาวะเหมาะที่สุดต่อการผลิตน้ำมันของ Rh. sphaerocarpa 11-14.4 ในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อย พบว่าเมื่อใช้กล้าเชื้อที่เลี้ยงใน SLH ที่ผ่านการปรับด่างเกิน (overliming) (6% -DSLH) ที่เติมสารสกัดจากเซลล์ยีสต์ 3 กรัม/ลิตร และเพปโทน 3 กรัม/ลิตร และผลิตน้ำมันใน 12%-SLH (อัตราส่วนคาร์บอน/ไนโตรเจน เท่ากับ 24) ที่เติมโพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต (KH2PO4) 5 กรัม/ลิตร พีเอช 4.5 บ่มที่อุณหภูมิ 30 องศาเซลเซียส เขย่า 200 รอบต่อนาที เป็นเวลา 4 วัน ที่ภาวะดังกล่าวนี้ Rh. sphaerocarpa 11-14.4 …
Dna Analysis And The Postmortem Submersion Interval From The Microbiome Of Waterlogged Sus Scrofa Skeletal Remains,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
Dna Analysis And The Postmortem Submersion Interval From The Microbiome Of Waterlogged Sus Scrofa Skeletal Remains, Claire Cartozzo
Theses and Dissertations
Following water-related deaths, soft tissue on victims’ remains may be entirely absent after a temperature dependent period of time. Due to their physical and chemical components, which protect them from environmental deterioration and biological attack, bones preserve DNA for longer periods of time. Therefore, the ability to both identify an individual and estimate the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) may depend on DNA obtained from skeletal remains. The goals of the dissertation were to examine differences in both the degradation of skeletal DNA and the microbiome inhabiting bone in freshwater aquatic environments (e.g., Henley Lake and the James River). At each …
The Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Interactome: Insights Into Srna-Mediated Regulatory Networks,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
The Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Interactome: Insights Into Srna-Mediated Regulatory Networks, Christine M. Van Duyn
Theses and Dissertations
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium found in various environmental niches including soil, water, hospital environments, and within a broad range of hosts. It is well known for its metabolic versatility and intrinsic and acquired resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents. Moreover, this bacterium has a remarkable ability to adapt and survive in suboptimal environments by altering its transcriptional profile in response to nutrient deprivation, changes in temperature and pH, osmotic stress, the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and exposure to antibiotics and host defenses. P. aeruginosa colonizes individuals with compromised immune systems and severe burn injuries and …
Development Of A Screening Assay For Type Iii Secretion System Inhibitors And High Throughput Screening Campaign Of Inhibitors Of Prp Of Staphylococcus Aureus,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
Development Of A Screening Assay For Type Iii Secretion System Inhibitors And High Throughput Screening Campaign Of Inhibitors Of Prp Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Heather A. Pendergrass
Theses and Dissertations
Antibiotics inhibit the growth or survival of bacteria by targeting their essential functions.1 Due to weaknesses in traditional antibiotics and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors are being targeted for therapeutic treatment of bacterial infection.2 We have developed an assay to quantify and observe type III secretion system (T3SS) activity. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence factor present in some Gram-negative pathogens including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively),3 and others.4–9 The T3SS between EPEC and EHEC are highly conserved and share over 90% sequence identity with …
In Vivo Activity Of Copper(Ii), Manganese(Ii), And Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline Chelates,
2020
Federal University of Rio De Janeiro
In Vivo Activity Of Copper(Ii), Manganese(Ii), And Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline Chelates, Rafael M. Ghandra, Pauraic Mccarron, Livia Viganor, Mariana Farias Fernandes, Kevin Kavanagh, Malachy Mccann, Marta H. Branquinha, André L.S. Santos, Orla L. Howe, Michael Devereux
Articles
Candida haemulonii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen resistant to most antifungal drugs currently used in clinical arena. Metal complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) chelating ligands have well-established anti-Candida activity against different medically relevant species. This study utilized larvae of Galleria mellonella, a widely used model of in vivo infection, to examine C. haemulonii infection characteristics in response to different copper(II), manganese(II), and silver(I) chelates containing phen, which had demonstrated potent anti-C. haemulonii activity in a previous study. The results showed that C. haemulonii virulence was influenced by inoculum size and incubation temperature, and the host G. mellonella immune …
Helicobacter Pylori Gene Regulation By Virulence Region Located Srnas,
2020
Eastern Washington University
Helicobacter Pylori Gene Regulation By Virulence Region Located Srnas, Veronica Janette Albrecht
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Approximately 50% of the human population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which can lead to gastrointestinal diseases such as ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. Helicobacter pylori strains are genetically variable, and some contain a DNA region called the cytotoxin associated gene pathogenicity island (cagPAI) that encodes virulence factors. Gastrointestinal disease associated with H. pylori are more likely to occur in infections with cagPAI positive strains. Helicobacter pylori has few known transcriptional regulators, but still must regulate expression to survive a constantly changing environment. A mechanism to facilitate this regulation was revealed in a transcriptome analysis conducted by Sharma et al. (2010) …
Impact Of Chytrid Fungus Pathogen On The Skin Microbiome Of Frogs In Northern Idaho And Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Washington,
2020
Eastern Washington University
Impact Of Chytrid Fungus Pathogen On The Skin Microbiome Of Frogs In Northern Idaho And Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Washington, Philip M. Campos
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Amphibians worldwide are under threat from the infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd is associated with the population declines of an estimated 501 species, 90 of which are presumed or confirmed extinct, making this the greatest documented loss of biodiversity attributed to a disease. Researching the amphibian skin microbiome may provide solutions to conservation of amphibians. Two main relationships have been observed between Bd and the microbiome: 1) bacteria producing antifungal metabolites can inhibit Bd and improve survival against the disease and 2) infection by Bd is believed to affect the composition …
Characterization Of Helicobacter Pylori Srnas Hpnc2525, Hpnc2600, And Hpnc2645,
2020
Eastern Washington University
Characterization Of Helicobacter Pylori Srnas Hpnc2525, Hpnc2600, And Hpnc2645, Brandon M. Flatgard
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Helicobacter pylori is a common microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the human population. Although all H. pylori infections result in inflammation of the gastric epithelium, only 10-15% of infections are symptomatic and progress to severe gastric diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, MALT lymphoma and gastric cancer. Different disease outcomes are due in part to genetic variations among H. pylori strains. Helicobacter pylori strains with a genomic region called the cytotoxin-associated pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are associated with an increased risk of severe disease. The cagPAI region encodes a type IV secretion system that transports the CagA …
Marked Changes In Diversity And Relative Activity Of Picoeukaryotes With Depth In The World Ocean,
2020
Edith Cowan University
Marked Changes In Diversity And Relative Activity Of Picoeukaryotes With Depth In The World Ocean, Caterina R. Giner, Massimo C. Pernice, Vanessa Balagué, Carlos M. Duarte, Josep M. Gasol, Ramiro Logares, Ramon Massana
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
Microbial eukaryotes are key components of the ocean plankton. Yet, our understanding of their community composition and activity in different water layers of the ocean is limited, particularly for picoeukaryotes (0.2–3 µm cell size). Here, we examined the picoeukaryotic communities inhabiting different vertical zones of the tropical and subtropical global ocean: surface, deep chlorophyll maximum, mesopelagic (including the deep scattering layer and oxygen minimum zones), and bathypelagic. Communities were analysed by high-tthroughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene (V4 region) as represented by DNA (community structure) and RNA (metabolism), followed by delineation of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 99% similarity. …
Biocide Resistance As A Result Of Exposure To Biocides Used In Hydraulic Fracturing,
2020
Michigan Technological University
Biocide Resistance As A Result Of Exposure To Biocides Used In Hydraulic Fracturing, Lindsey Schenten
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Microbial resistance to antimicrobials is an important topic to investigate not only for our health but for the environment. There is a growing concern about expanding microbial resistance to both antibiotics and other antimicrobials such as biocides. We wanted to know how bacteria previously exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluids, including biocides, would react to biocide exposure and what the mechanism of resistance looked like. In order to test this hypothesis bacterial isolates were obtained from water and sediment from a stream that had been previously exposed to a spill of hydraulic fracturing water. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained from these …
Chloroviruses,
2019
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Chloroviruses, James L. Van Etten, Irina V. Agarkova, David D. Dunigan
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Chloroviruses are large dsDNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain chlorella-like green algae; the algae are normally mutualistic endosymbionts of protists and metazoans and are often referred to as zoochlorellae. The viruses are ubiquitous in inland aqueous environments throughout the world and occasionally single types reach titers of thousands of plaque-forming units per ml of native water. The viruses are icosahedral in shape with a spike structure located at one of the vertices. They contain an internal membrane that is required for infectivity. The viral genomes are 290 to 370 kb in size, which encode up to 16 tRNAs and 330 …
An Investigation Of The Potentials Of 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Methylidene] Hydrazine-1-Carbothioamide And Its Mn(Ii) And Zn(Ii) Complexes As Antimicrobial Agents,
2019
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
An Investigation Of The Potentials Of 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Methylidene] Hydrazine-1-Carbothioamide And Its Mn(Ii) And Zn(Ii) Complexes As Antimicrobial Agents, Umar Sani, Musbahu Yahaya, Dailami S. Adam
Tanzania Journal of Science
Antibiotic resistance as a result of misuse, overuse or abuse of drugs is an issue of serious concern world over. The quest for more active and robust antimicrobial agents remains a scientific challenge and requires multimillion-dollar investment in the area of drug design and development. Here in, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a tridentate thiosemicarbazone (2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (HL) from salicylaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide. Its complexes with Mn(II) and Zn(II) were prepared following similar technique and characterised by melting point, FT-IR, UV –visible spectrophotometry, and elemental analysis. The Mn(II) complex showed paramagnetism with a magnetic moment value of 5.80 BM while …
