The Effects Of Aging On Wound Healing And Limb Regeneration In The Axolotl,
2022
University of Massachusetts Boston
The Effects Of Aging On Wound Healing And Limb Regeneration In The Axolotl, Hande Sahin
Graduate Masters Theses
The Mexican axolotl is capable of regenerating various parts of its body and maintains this capacity throughout its entire life. Although this ability is sustained through adulthood, multiple regenerative processes appear to be negatively affected by aging. Here, we focus on evaluating the effect of aging on the rate of wound healing and limb regeneration. We have developed new in vivo, and ex vivo assays to characterize wound healing and identify differences between young and aged animals during this process. We have also characterized morphological features of mature skin from both groups of animals and although there are no obvious …
Primary Cilia Of The Cardiac Neural Crest & Hedgehog-Mediated Mechanisms Of Congenital Heart Disease,
2022
University of Maine
Primary Cilia Of The Cardiac Neural Crest & Hedgehog-Mediated Mechanisms Of Congenital Heart Disease, Lindsey A. Fitzsimons
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Elimination of primary cilia in cardiac neural crest cell (CNCC) progenitors is hypothesized to cause a variety of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including atrioventricular septal defects, and malformations of the developing cardiac outflow tract. We present an in vivo model of CHD resulting from the conditional elimination of primary cilia from CNCC using multiple, Wnt1:Cre-loxP, neural crest-specific systems, targeting two distinctive, but critical, primary cilia structural genes: Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) or kinesin family member 3A (Kif3a). CNCC loss of primary cilia leads to widespread CHD, where homozygous mutant embryos (MUT) display a variety of outflow tract malformations, septation …
Save The Frogs,
2022
SUNY Geneseo
Save The Frogs, Mackenzie Johnson, Alison Bohlen, Andie Ellis, Ryan Pinto
Student Work
The species Xenopus laevis is native to sub saharan Africa, but ever since its discovery in effectiveness in pregnancy tests, the frog now lives invasively around the world. Today the Xenopus Laevis is used mostly in laboratories as a model organism for studying developmental biology (Willigan 2001). The commercialized herbicide Atrazine, has been found to interact with this model organism species in an odd way you might not have guessed (Sanders 2010). Atrazine is primarily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has been shown to have neuroendocrine, reproductive, and developmental effects on experimental animals such as Xenopus laevis (ATSDR 2004). …
Genetically Explicit Model May Explain Multigenerational Control Of Emergent Turing Patterns In Hybrid Mimulus,
2022
William & Mary
Genetically Explicit Model May Explain Multigenerational Control Of Emergent Turing Patterns In Hybrid Mimulus, Emily Simmons
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
What Uv Is What You Get,
2022
SUNY Geneseo
What Uv Is What You Get, Jaylin Chlosta, Cassidy Mills, Mason Peckar, Nicholas Schaertl
Student Work
Vitamin D deficiency affects people differently and causes multiple health problems. Supplements may help when UV exposure is insufficient to generate Vitamin D in the body.
Just Cut It Out,
2022
SUNY Geneseo
Just Cut It Out, Jack Barbosa, Ashley Curcio, Emiliana Martinez-Nobrega, Matthew Robledo
Student Work
Why should we care about trees? Social, Economic, and Environmental benefits.
When Problems Become Solutions: Harnessing The Osteogenic Capacity Of Disease-Causing Stem Cells To Repair Bone Fractures,
2022
University of Connecticut
When Problems Become Solutions: Harnessing The Osteogenic Capacity Of Disease-Causing Stem Cells To Repair Bone Fractures, Mehreen Pasha
University Scholar Projects
While we often perceive disease as negative, there is potential to engineer seemingly negative biological phenomena into therapeutics to treat a variety of human illnesses. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder involving uncontrolled, widespread, extraskeletal bone growth, or heterotopic ossification (HO). In FOP patients, stem cells called fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) follow an abnormal, osteogenic pathway. In the present study, we investigate whether we can adapt these Acvr1 mutant FAPs, which are exceptional at producing bone, to repair bone fractures in otherwise normal patients. The primary aims of this study are (1) to devise and optimize a novel method …
Characterization Of Gangliosides And Fatty Acids In Extracellular Vesicles From Human Milk,
2022
Chapman University
Characterization Of Gangliosides And Fatty Acids In Extracellular Vesicles From Human Milk, Aliya Amin
Food Science (MS) Theses
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bioactive components of human milk that may impact functionality to regulate growth, cognitive development, metabolism, and immunity in newborns. The biogenesis of EVs and the mechanism by which EVs elicit biologic effects in vivo have not been characterized entirely. Gangliosides and fatty acids are integral in the formation, release, stability, and functionalities of EVs. Presumably, EV function is related to EV composition and lipids in EVs influence the bioavailability of EV cargo and downstream functions of EVs. The objective of this research was to characterize the fatty acid and ganglioside composition of EVs in human milk. …
Hyper Stable Variants Of Fgf-1-Fgf-2 Dimer,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Hyper Stable Variants Of Fgf-1-Fgf-2 Dimer, Madison Shields Mcclanahan
Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), including FGF-1 and FGF-2, are proteins that play a crucial role in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, and tissue repair. FGF-1 and FGF-2 are useful in accelerating the healing process in the human body; however, these proteins are naturally thermally unstable, resulting in a relatively low half-life in vivo. 1,8 In efforts to improve the stability of this protein, FGF-1 and FGF-2 proteins are engineered by combining the amino acid sequences of the two proteins to form a heterodimer and obtain novel properties. These two FGF variants are chosen for their specific wound healing capabilities. …
Exploring The Effects Of Varied Land Use On Elemental Concentrations Within Streams,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Exploring The Effects Of Varied Land Use On Elemental Concentrations Within Streams, Logan Jennings
Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
It is well documented that human activity influences the chemistry of surrounding waters. As such, it is possible that there is a link between land use within a watershed and the chemical composition of the stream. The objectives of this study are to determine if varied land use does affect the concentrations of macronutrients and trace elements present in the streams of Northwest Arkansas, and if so, to determine what extent urban and agricultural development are responsible for these changes. Water samples were collected across 19 streams in the Northwest Arkansas region between January and March of 2022. Water samples …
Investigating The Potential Role For The Nervous System In Controlling Regeneration In Nematostella Vectensis,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Investigating The Potential Role For The Nervous System In Controlling Regeneration In Nematostella Vectensis, Kristen Malir
Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses
Nematostella vectensis is a marine sea animal that has become a model for developmental and evolutionary research. Included in the phylum Cnidaria, N. vectensis’ was chosen as the model for this research. Not only can this animal go through asexual and sexual reproduction, but it also has the ability to regenerate. Although much research has been put forth in an effort to understand regeneration better, much is still unknown. The underlying mechanisms of regeneration in Cnidaria are illusive; however, studies within vertebrates have shown the substantial role of the nervous system. The objective of this experiment is to test if …
When Problems Become Solutions: Harnessing The Osteogenic Capacity Of Disease-Causing Stem Cells To Repair Bone Fractures,
2022
University of Connecticut
When Problems Become Solutions: Harnessing The Osteogenic Capacity Of Disease-Causing Stem Cells To Repair Bone Fractures, Mehreen Pasha
Honors Scholar Theses
While we often perceive disease as negative, there is potential to engineer seemingly negative biological phenomena into therapeutics to treat a variety of human illnesses. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder involving uncontrolled, widespread, extraskeletal bone growth, or heterotopic ossification (HO). In FOP patients, stem cells called fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) follow an abnormal, osteogenic pathway. In the present study, we investigate whether we can adapt these Acvr1 mutant FAPs, which are exceptional at producing bone, to repair bone fractures in otherwise normal patients. The primary aims of this study are (1) to devise and optimize a novel method …
Structural Formation And Functionality Of The Spoiie Protein In Clostridium Difficile,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Structural Formation And Functionality Of The Spoiie Protein In Clostridium Difficile, Rachel Siebenmorgen
Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses
My research efforts were directed toward the structure and functionality of a protein, designated SpoIIE [11], which previously has been shown to regulate C. difficile peptide utilization in addition to sporulation and toxin release. The SpoIIE protein is found in all spore-forming gram-positive bacteria and is a crucial component in activation of transcription factors and septum formation thus affecting the regulation and timing of spore development [11,12]. A truncated form of the SpoIIE protein named SpoIIE∆TM was used in an effort to determine the structure of an important but uncharacterized linker domain of the protein. If the structure and specific …
Role Of H3k4 Methylation In Myogenesis, Regeneration, And Muscle Disease / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
Role Of H3k4 Methylation In Myogenesis, Regeneration, And Muscle Disease / Narrative Competence And Cognitive Mapping As A Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy In The Education Of Emergent Bilinguals, Hannah Emily Shippas
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Muscles are a crucial part of an organism’s wellbeing, as defects in distinct types of muscles can be lethal. Our voluntary muscles, skeletal muscles, go through distinct regeneration phases before reaching maturity. With its own pool of stem cells, muscles have a large potential for regeneration. This potential has led scientists into looking closely at the steps that lead a muscle stem cell into muscle fiber, also known as myogenesis. As a muscle cell moves through myogenesis, genes are led to be turned on/off with different epigenetic mechanisms, one being histone modifications. A methylation modification on the 4th Lysine on …
Translation Control Tunes Drosophila Oogenesis,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
Translation Control Tunes Drosophila Oogenesis, Elliot T. Martin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The decision of a stem cell to either self-renew or differentiate is controlled by specific cellularpathways that can act at the level of transcription, translation, or post-translation. To study the regulation of these pathways in-vivo, I have used the female Drosophila germline as a model system. Each of the steps from germline stem cell (GSC) to egg require changes in cellular pathways. These changes can occur at the level of transcription, post-transciption, translation, or post-translation . Decades of research has elucidated many of the changes to gene that occur during oogenesis, however, many players in this process still remain mysterious. …
Computational Analysis Of Myxococcus Xanthus Gliding Motility With Varying Cellular Growth Rate,
2022
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology
Computational Analysis Of Myxococcus Xanthus Gliding Motility With Varying Cellular Growth Rate, Laura Batista, Akeisha Belgrave
Harrisburg University Research Symposium: Highlighting Research, Innovation, & Creativity
This project focuses on determining the effects of varying growth rates on bacteria motility. Cell growth has been shown to affect peptidoglycan biosynthesis, interacting indirectly with the motility complex that spans across the bacteria. This complex adheres to the external surface via focal adhesion complexes that exert a mechanical force to push the cell forward. Affecting bacteria growth rate, affects peptidoglycan biosynthesis, & should therefore affect M. xanthus motility. (Independent Research)
Spr-5; Met-2 Maternal Reprogramming Cooperates With The Dream Complex To Regulate Developmental Cell Fates,
2022
Kennesaw State University
Spr-5; Met-2 Maternal Reprogramming Cooperates With The Dream Complex To Regulate Developmental Cell Fates, Jazmin Dozier, Sandra Nguyen, Brandon Carpenter
Symposium of Student Scholars
Histone methylation is a post-transcriptional modification to the N-terminal tails of histone core proteins that regulates DNA accessibility, and consequently, gene expression. Like DNA, histone methylation can be inherited between generations, and is highly regulated during embryonic development. At fertilization, histone methylation must undergo maternal reprogramming to reset the epigenetic landscape in the new zygote. During maternal reprogramming of histone methylation in the nematode, C. elegans, H3K4me (a modification associated with active transcription) is removed by the H3K4 demethylase, SPR-5, and H3K9me (a modification associated with transcriptional repression) is subsequently added by the histone methyltransferase, MET-2. Recently, it was …
The Roles Of Individual Proteins In De Novo Recruitment Of Pcg Repressive Complexes To Giant,
2022
Southern Methodist University
The Roles Of Individual Proteins In De Novo Recruitment Of Pcg Repressive Complexes To Giant, Anni Kum
Biological Sciences Theses and Dissertations
Epigenetic gene regulation is the process by which external factors regulate the genome. This research studies Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins which function as epigenetic agents that work together in complexes to maintain gene silencing for multiple cellular generations. Drosophila melanogaster PcG proteins can be organized into three canonical complexes: Pho-RC, PRC1, and PRC2. Though there are multiple proposed models for the order of recruitment, it is generally accepted that PhoRC, PRC1, and PRC2 interact with each other to stably recruit to a target gene. Since these proteins are highly conserved, this project studies PcG proteins in the model organism, Drosophila …
An Analysis Of The Involvement Of Toll Receptors In Cell Movements During The Elongation Of Tribolium Castaneum,
2022
Trinity College
An Analysis Of The Involvement Of Toll Receptors In Cell Movements During The Elongation Of Tribolium Castaneum, Kathryn Russell
Senior Theses and Projects
Elongation of the anterior/posterior body axis is a critical part of embryonic development. Cell movements are known to play a significant role in embryo elongation in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. In the arthropod model organism, Drosophila, Toll receptors have a demonstrated role in the elongation of the embryo by driving convergent extension, in which rows of cells intercalate with one another in one direction to extend tissue in the other. In Drosophila, Toll receptors are a link between anterior-posterior patterning genes expressed in discrete stripes and effector molecules causing cell movements. This cell movement is caused …
The Role And Regulation Of The Caudal Gene In Tribolium Castaneum Segmentation,
2022
Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut
The Role And Regulation Of The Caudal Gene In Tribolium Castaneum Segmentation, Suzanne Nicole Carpe Elias
Senior Theses and Projects
The embryo of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum develops sequentially by adding segments in an anterior-to-posterior progression using a “clock”-like mechanism similar to that of vertebrates. Previous studies indicate that the oscillations of this segmentation clock are driven by a gradient of the transcription factor caudal (cad), which activates and regulates the clock. Knocking down the cad gene using parental or early embryonic RNAi leads to animals with only head segments. We hypothesized that progressively later embryonic knockdowns would produce animals with progressively more segments if the function of cad does not change during segmentation. To examine …
